{"id":19588,"date":"2022-12-13T01:08:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T00:08:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=19588"},"modified":"2022-12-12T16:39:40","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T15:39:40","slug":"rusko-rozsiruje-vyrobu-zkapalneneho-plynu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/13\/rusko-rozsiruje-vyrobu-zkapalneneho-plynu\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusko roz\u0161i\u0159uje v\u00fdrobu zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Rusko vybudovalo v Severn\u00edm mo\u0159i obrovsk\u00fd z\u00e1vod na export zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00fd se kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce masivn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje.\u00a0Mimo jin\u00e9 se stav\u00ed obrovsk\u00fd, plovouc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd z\u00e1vod.<\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u00e9dia se zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed informovat o tom, \u017ee EU letos zv\u00fd\u0161ila dovoz rusk\u00e9ho zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu o 50 procent a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odm\u00edt\u00e1 levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00fd plynovodn\u00ed plyn, kter\u00fd mimochodem poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze stejn\u00e9ho plynov\u00e9ho pole.\u00a0To je jen okrajov\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka, kter\u00e1 znovu ukazuje, jak absurdn\u00ed je politika EU.<\/p>\n

Rusko rychle roz\u0161i\u0159uje sv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti exportu plynu.\u00a0\u010c\u00edna je nyn\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1na rusk\u00fdm plynem prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm plynovod\u016f.\u00a0A na dalek\u00e9m arktick\u00e9m severu Rusko postavilo velk\u00fd z\u00e1vod na zkapal\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed zemn\u00edho plynu, se kter\u00fdm se plyn vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v tankerech do cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.\u00a0Rusko chce tuto kapacitu d\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ovat, proto se v sou\u010dasnosti stav\u00ed zcela nov\u00fd typ za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed: plovouc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na zkapal\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a pln\u011bn\u00ed plynu.<\/p>\n

Rusk\u00e1 televize o tom informovala v ned\u011bli ve sv\u00e9m t\u00fddenn\u00edm zpravodajstv\u00ed.\u00a0P\u0159elo\u017eil jsem\u00a0ruskou zpr\u00e1vu<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tek p\u0159ekladu:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

V Murmansk\u00e9 oblasti vznik\u00e1 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed plovouc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tento t\u00fdden si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1me p\u00e1t\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny Yamal LNG, projektu Novatek v Arktid\u011b.\u00a0V pr\u016fb\u011bhu let z\u00e1vod vyrobil v\u00edce ne\u017e 85 milion\u016f tun zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu.\u00a0A Novatek m\u00e1 na mysli je\u0161t\u011b ambici\u00f3zn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed projekt: vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed plovouc\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na LNG.\u00a0Nikdo na sv\u011bt\u011b nikdy nic takov\u00e9ho neud\u011blal.<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va z Yamalu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed to samoz\u0159ejm\u011b konec sv\u011bta, ale hodn\u011b se tomu podob\u00e1.\u00a0V\u0161ude kolem je drsn\u00e1, ledov\u00e1 divo\u010dina.\u00a0Jsme nad pol\u00e1rn\u00edm kruhem.\u00a0Teplota vzduchu je minus 25 stup\u0148\u016f.\u00a0Ale pro Jamala je\u0161t\u011b nen\u00ed mr\u00e1z.\u00a0Arktida za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 zde na leti\u0161ti Sabetta.<\/p>\n

A m\u016f\u017eete c\u00edtit, \u017ee od prvn\u00ed vte\u0159iny je v\u00edtr tak siln\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00e1s sraz\u00ed.\u00a0Rusk\u00fd sever testuje, co se d\u00e1 vydr\u017eet.\u00a0Zde, uprost\u0159ed permafrostu, je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed arktick\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd z\u00e1vod: \u201eYamal-LNG\u201c.\u00a0Snadno ho pozn\u00e1te podle jeho gargantuovsk\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f a gigantick\u00fdch \u201ekonzerv na kondenzovan\u00e9 ml\u00e9ko\u201c, co\u017e jsou unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ob\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee na skladov\u00e1n\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu.\u00a0Toto pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 centrum je projektem spole\u010dnosti Novatek, kter\u00e1 letos slav\u00ed 5. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed dispe\u010dink je automatizovan\u00fd \u0159\u00eddic\u00ed syst\u00e9m pro cel\u00fd z\u00e1vod: od procesu extrakce, kde je v\u0161e zobrazeno na obrazovk\u00e1ch, a\u017e po procesn\u00ed linky, kde se plyn zkapal\u0148uje.\u00a0Tyto syst\u00e9my jsou \u010dty\u0159i, pak p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0LPG je po rop\u011b druh\u00e9 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed palivo na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Rusko je jedni\u010dkou, pokud jde o z\u00e1soby zemn\u00edho plynu.\u00a0Yamal LNG prom\u011b\u0148uje toto prvenstv\u00ed ve v\u00fdhodu \u2013 objemy dod\u00e1vek jsou pl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny roky dop\u0159edu.<\/p>\n

\u201eZa\u010d\u00e1tkem tohoto m\u011bs\u00edce z\u00e1vod vyrobil 85 milion\u016f tun LPG.\u00a0V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce jsme d\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161ili kapacitu a zv\u00fd\u0161ili v\u00fdrobu na 120 procent jmenovit\u00e9 kapacity.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco tady nat\u00e1\u010d\u00edme, nakl\u00e1d\u00e1 se dal\u0161\u00ed plynov\u00fd tanker,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Vladislav Khlybov, z\u00e1stupce \u0159editele v\u00fdroby Yamal-LNG.<\/p>\n

Norsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cesta, nejkrat\u0161\u00ed cesta mezi Evropou a Asi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je o 40 procent rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u0159es Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav, dovede palivo do m\u00edst, kam se plynovody nedostanou.\u00a0Na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm trhu byly v\u017edy hlavn\u00edmi dovozci asijsko-pacifick\u00e9 zem\u011b.\u00a0Ale letos, navzdory v\u0161em hlasit\u00fdm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm o odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho plynu, Evropa st\u00e1le v\u00edce nakupuje zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd plyn z Ruska a Rusko zvy\u0161uje sv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky na 15 miliard metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch.\u00a0To je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o 50 procent v\u00edce d\u0159\u00edve.\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav Sabetta se sv\u00fdmi \u0161esti n\u00e1kladn\u00edmi kotvi\u0161ti funguje 24 hodin denn\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u201eObchod s p\u0159epravou plynu je dynamick\u00fd.\u00a0Mezi p\u0159\u00edjezdem lodi a jej\u00edm opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstavu v zim\u011b uplyne asi 34 hodin a v l\u00e9t\u011b 29 hodin.\u00a0Samotn\u00e9 nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed LNG trv\u00e1 13 hodin,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Andrey Pozdnyakov, vedouc\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho termin\u00e1lu Yamal-LNG.<\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd tanker p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed do Sabetty doprov\u00e1z\u00ed ledoborec.\u00a0Vyzved\u00e1v\u00e1 lo\u010f u br\u00e1ny Kara a \u010dist\u00ed si cestu p\u0159es ledovce a ledov\u00e9 kopce.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b Obsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu v Karsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i jsou stavebn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce v pln\u00e9m proudu.\u00a0Vzd\u00e1lenost ze Sabetta na poloostrov Gydan je asi 70 kilometr\u016f.\u00a0Let\u00edme vrtuln\u00edkem na n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu nov\u00e9ho projektu Novatek, Arctic LNG-2.<\/p>\n

Arktickou pou\u0161t\u00ed se t\u00e1hne v\u00edce ne\u017e milion kilometr\u016f plynovod\u016f, kter\u00e9 se propl\u00e9taj\u00ed a miz\u00ed na obzoru.\u00a0Zde se z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9 palivo.<\/p>\n

V poli Utrenneye je uprost\u0159ed pol\u00e1rn\u00ed noci, na poloostrov\u011b Yamal je nyn\u00ed 12 poledne, ale slunce je\u0161t\u011b nevy\u0161lo.\u00a0Tady m\u00e1me plyn doslova pod nohama.\u00a0Z\u00e1soby se odhaduj\u00ed na v\u00edce ne\u017e bilion metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch.\u00a0To bude sta\u010dit minim\u00e1ln\u011b na 100 let.<\/p>\n

Z tzv. clusterov\u00fdch vrt\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch hloubk\u00e1ch, se plyn dost\u00e1v\u00e1 hlavn\u00edmi potrub\u00edmi do prim\u00e1rn\u00edch \u010dist\u00edc\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.\u00a0Ve\u0161ker\u00e1 infrastruktura pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 k tomu je ji\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b.\u00a0Nechyb\u00ed silnice, sm\u011bnov\u00fd t\u00e1bor a vlastn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna.<\/p>\n

\u201eToto je energetick\u00e9 srdce pole a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u00a0Pohonn\u00e9 jednotky byly smontov\u00e1ny v Permu.\u00a0Transform\u00e1tory se tak\u00e9 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed v Rusku.\u00a0Rozv\u00e1d\u011b\u010d byl vyroben v \u010ceboksarech.\u00a0M\u00e1me maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 rusk\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Timofei Sazonov, z\u00e1stupce gener\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159editele pro arktickou v\u00fdstavbu LNG-2.<\/p>\n

Ale nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1ce je nyn\u00ed na n\u00e1b\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0Stavitel\u00e9 museli dokonce prohloubit dno Severn\u00edho ledov\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu, aby umo\u017enili vplut\u00ed velk\u00fdch tanker\u016f do p\u0159\u00edstavu.<\/p>\n

„B\u00fdval tu oce\u00e1n.“\u00a0Tato oblast byla kompletn\u011b p\u0159epracov\u00e1na.\u00a0Bylo zde navr\u0161eno asi 1,5 milionu metr\u016f krychlov\u00fdch p\u00edsku.\u00a0P\u0159\u00edroda se tak snadno nevzd\u00e1v\u00e1.\u00a0M\u00e1me tu neust\u00e1l\u00e9 bou\u0159e, je zima,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Sergej Komlev, vedouc\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u00fdstavby na pevnin\u011b Arctic LNG-2.<\/p>\n

Pro arktick\u00fd projekt LNG je hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhodou tak\u00e9 jeho nev\u00fdhoda: zkapaln\u011bn\u00ed plynu je v t\u011bchto zem\u011bpisn\u00fdch \u0161\u00ed\u0159k\u00e1ch jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0V tom je ale tak\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m: postavit z\u00e1vod v oblasti permafrostu je velmi n\u00e1kladn\u00e9.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu se Novatek rozhodl vybudovat sv\u00e9 druh\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na Yamalu plaven\u00edm.\u00a0A poprv\u00e9 v historii tohoto odv\u011btv\u00ed bude do Gydanu dod\u00e1no ji\u017e smontovan\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed severn\u00ed mo\u0159skou cestou z Murmansk\u00e9 oblasti \u2013 vzd\u00e1lenost je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2000 kilometr\u016f.\u00a0Nikdo na sv\u011bt\u011b nikdy nic takov\u00e9ho neud\u011blal.<\/p>\n

Zde v Belokamence, inovativn\u00ed lokalit\u011b Novatek, je centrum pro stavbu velk\u00fdch pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch turb\u00edn.\u00a0Je jedin\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho druhu Na b\u0159ehu Kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 cel\u00e9 m\u011bsto – tov\u00e1rna na v\u00fdrobu tov\u00e1ren.<\/p>\n

Toto je srdce shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Procesn\u00ed jednotky budouc\u00edho z\u00e1vodu se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed kus po kuse jako v obrovsk\u00e9 stavebnici.\u00a0Jeden je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b hrd\u00fd na tento modul, paroplynov\u00fd kompresor.\u00a0Byl cel\u00fd vyroben v Rusku.<\/p>\n

Strategick\u00fdm \u00fakolem je co nejv\u00edce rusifikovat v\u00fdrobu.\u00a0Stovky spole\u010dnost\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch region\u016f vyv\u00edjej\u00ed a vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed d\u00edly a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro arktick\u00fd LNG-2.\u00a0V\u00fdkonn\u00e9 je\u0159\u00e1by z Uralma\u0161e, sva\u0159ovan\u00e9 nerezov\u00e9 trubky z Voron\u011b\u017ee.\u00a0Projekt Novatek vytvo\u0159il t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80 000 pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst po cel\u00e9 zemi.<\/p>\n

\u201ePrakticky v\u0161echna za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed budou vyrobena a provozov\u00e1na Rusy.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v Rusku jsme dos\u00e1hli \u00farovn\u011b kompetence LNG, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje zadat takov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Rus\u016fm.\u00a0\u010c\u00edm v\u00edce takov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f postav\u00edme, t\u00edm v\u00edce rusk\u00e9ho vybaven\u00ed budeme pou\u017e\u00edvat,\u201c vysv\u011btluje \u0159editel z\u00e1vodu LNG Timur Dautov.<\/p>\n

Koncept plovouc\u00edho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na LNG je unik\u00e1tn\u00ed.\u00a0Skl\u00e1d\u00e1 se vlastn\u011b ze dvou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.\u00a0Naho\u0159e jsou kondenza\u010dn\u00ed potrub\u00ed montov\u00e1na v d\u00edln\u011b.\u00a0A z\u00e1kladem je sokl, kter\u00fd udr\u017e\u00ed celou konstrukci nad vodou.<\/p>\n

Na \u010dern\u00e9m sametu osv\u011btlen\u00e9 pol\u00e1rn\u00ed noci je d\u00edlo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9 osv\u011btleno.\u00a0Takhle vypad\u00e1 cel\u00e1, je to obrovsk\u00e1 lo\u010f.\u00a0Nyn\u00ed je v such\u00e9m doku na gigantick\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b.\u00a0Je to gravita\u010dn\u00ed platforma.\u00a0Dut\u00fd uvnit\u0159 obsahuje nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee na LPG na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Takto vypadaj\u00ed zevnit\u0159.\u00a0Membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 n\u00e1dr\u017ee funguj\u00ed jako termoska a udr\u017euj\u00ed plyn na bodu varu minus 160 stup\u0148\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd plyn je nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo ze z\u00e1vodu do plynov\u00fdch tanker\u016f.\u00a0To je rychlej\u0161\u00ed, ekologi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, celkem t\u0159i, zprovozn\u00ed Novatek p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed rok.\u00a0Vytvo\u0159en\u00edm z\u00e1sadn\u011b nov\u00e9ho uzlu t\u011b\u017eby plynu za pol\u00e1rn\u00edm kruhem Rusko znovu dok\u00e1zalo, \u017ee v Arktid\u011b nem\u00e1 obdoby.<\/p>\n

konec p\u0159ekladu<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Thomas R\u00f6per<\/a><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusko vybudovalo v Severn\u00edm mo\u0159i obrovsk\u00fd z\u00e1vod na export zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu, kter\u00fd se kv\u016fli vysok\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1369,4011,1008,22,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19588"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19588"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19588\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19590,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19588\/revisions\/19590"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}