{"id":19383,"date":"2022-12-08T03:21:34","date_gmt":"2022-12-08T02:21:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=19383"},"modified":"2022-12-08T03:21:34","modified_gmt":"2022-12-08T02:21:34","slug":"neuspesne-kubanske-embargo-snizuje-vliv-usa-v-latinske-americe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/08\/neuspesne-kubanske-embargo-snizuje-vliv-usa-v-latinske-americe\/","title":{"rendered":"Ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 embargo sni\u017euje vliv USA v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 let star\u00fd sank\u010dn\u00ed re\u017eim proti Kub\u011b je nejen zastaral\u00fd, byl od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd a nikdy nepovede k po\u017eadovan\u00e9mu v\u00fdsledku, tvrd\u00ed sloupka\u0159 The National Interest.\u00a0O ne\u00fasp\u011bchu americk\u00e9 strategie sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 nedostatek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed podpory pro izolaci Havany a rostouc\u00ed vliv \u010c\u00edny v regionu, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje materi\u00e1l.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 lety, 3. \u00fanora 1962, podepsal americk\u00fd prezident John F. Kennedy Proklamaci 3447, kter\u00e1 zah\u00e1jila obchodn\u00ed embargo proti Kub\u011b.\u00a0Ideologick\u00e1 dichotomie t\u00e9 doby formovala bezcitnou americkou politiku, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159ovala na kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 civilisty, proto\u017ee Washington nevid\u011bl jinou mo\u017enost, jak oslabit komunistick\u00fd re\u017eim Fidela Castra, ne\u017e vytvo\u0159en\u00edm ekonomick\u00fdch pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159ed kub\u00e1nskou revoluc\u00ed v roce 1959 bohat\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 \u010dasto tr\u00e1vili dovolenou na ostrov\u011b, ale Castr\u016fv antiamerikanismus a jeho otev\u0159en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost k nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9mu socialistick\u00e9mu bloku a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 privatizace americk\u00e9ho majetku ty u moci rozhn\u011bvaly a rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 sankce byly jakousi reakc\u00ed na v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00e9 akce.\u00a0Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee embargo na Kubu je poz\u016fstatkem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale takov\u00e1 strategie selhala od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku a mus\u00ed skon\u010dit, je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den pozorovatel.<\/p>\n<p>Navzdory rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a smrti Fidela Castra embargo pokra\u010duje kv\u016fli sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 dynamice.\u00a0Ot\u00e1zka p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1vis\u00ed na volebn\u00edm v\u00fdznamu st\u00e1tu Florida, kde je po\u010detn\u00e1 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 diaspora.\u00a055 % procent floridsk\u00fdch Kub\u00e1nc\u016f v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Havana p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, a 74 % dot\u00e1zan\u00fdch podporuje americkou politiku zam\u011b\u0159enou na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak na kub\u00e1nskou vl\u00e1du, aby zm\u011bnila re\u017eim.\u00a0Demokrat\u00e9 ani republik\u00e1ni proto tradi\u010dn\u011b nepodstupuj\u00ed riziko ztr\u00e1ty hlas\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Pro progresivisty je embargo politikou, kterou nelze zm\u011bnit.\u00a0Jednak to \u0161kod\u00ed obyvatelstvu ostrova, jednak otev\u0159en\u00e1 podpora jeho zru\u0161en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit obvin\u011bn\u00ed ze sympati\u00ed ke komunist\u016fm.\u00a0Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 tak\u00e9 je, \u017ee podle odhad\u016f Gallupa pro rok 2015 m\u00e1 57 % Ameri\u010dan\u016f negativn\u00ed postoj ke Kub\u011b, a\u010dkoli 59 % bylo pro zru\u0161en\u00ed sankc\u00ed.\u00a0Ale stoj\u00ed za to sm\u00ed\u0159it se s t\u00edm, \u017ee pro Demokratickou stranu je Florida v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch letech ztracen\u00fdm st\u00e1tem, proto\u017ee drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu vol\u00ed republik\u00e1ny, tak\u017ee demokrat\u00e9 nyn\u00ed mohou podpo\u0159it zru\u0161en\u00ed embarga bez v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t, autor pozn\u00e1mky.<\/p>\n<p>Prvn\u00ed d\u016fvod nutnosti ukon\u010dit embargo spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jeho ne\u00fa\u010dinnosti: po 60 letech p\u0159isp\u011blo pouze k hladu a zoufalstv\u00ed, nikoli v\u0161ak ke zm\u011bn\u011b politick\u00e9ho uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Po smrti Fidela Castra re\u017eim pokra\u010doval za jeho bratra Raula a nyn\u00ed za prezidenta Miguela Diaz-Canela, prvn\u00edho tajemn\u00edka komunistick\u00e9 strany.\u00a0Protiamerick\u00e9 n\u00e1lady jsou na ostrov\u011b velmi roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 a OSN odhaduje, \u017ee embargo st\u00e1lo kub\u00e1nskou ekonomiku 130 miliard dolar\u016f. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 podle Obchodn\u00ed komory USA st\u00e1ly protikub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 sankce americkou ekonomiku 75 miliard dolar\u016f. Po povolen\u00ed soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed dom\u016f za\u010dali Kub\u00e1nci prod\u00e1vat nemovitosti Evropan\u016fm, \u010d\u00edm\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161ili sv\u016fj blahobyt.\u00a0T\u00edm Amerika ztratila potenci\u00e1ln\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd trh pro zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 produkty.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm argumentem ve prosp\u011bch zru\u0161en\u00ed embarga je nedostatek mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed podpory.\u00a0Za posledn\u00edch 30 let Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed OSN drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inou hlasovalo pro zru\u0161en\u00ed re\u017eimu sankc\u00ed.\u00a0Izrael je jedinou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 d\u016fsledn\u011b podporuje Washington v t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce, co\u017e tak\u00e9 ukazuje, \u017ee strategie USA nikdy nedos\u00e1hne po\u017eadovan\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f.\u00a0A kone\u010dn\u011b, rostouc\u00ed vliv \u010c\u00edny na ostrov\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 politiky.\u00a0Peking daroval Kub\u011b 100 milion\u016f dolar\u016f na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize, vl\u00e1dy pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed restrukturalizaci mal\u00e9 zem\u011b a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed investi\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed pro asijsk\u00e9ho giganta.\u00a0\u010c\u00edna je po Venezuele druh\u00fdm nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partnerem Havany a v roce 2021 se Kuba ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ipojila k \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 iniciativ\u011b P\u00e1s a stezka.<\/p>\n<p>Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed vliv ve sv\u011bt\u011b, dal\u0161\u00edm potvrzen\u00edm toho byl ned\u00e1vn\u00fd Summit of the Americas v Los Angeles \u2013 \u010dty\u0159i hlavy latinskoamerick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f summit zme\u0161kaly pot\u00e9, co USA odm\u00edtly pozvat l\u00eddry Kuby, Venezuely a Nikaraguy.\u00a0Alexander Moldovan, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk soci\u00e1ln\u00edch proces\u016f v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe na University of York, se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee region p\u0159eorientov\u00e1v\u00e1 svou obchodn\u00ed politiku sm\u011brem k \u010c\u00edn\u011b.\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b anga\u017eovaly v politice latinskoamerick\u00fdch zem\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Peking nyn\u00ed d\u011bl\u00e1 velk\u00e9 pokroky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm m\u011bkk\u00e9 s\u00edly.\u00a0Washington mus\u00ed n\u00e1sledovat p\u0159\u00edkladu sv\u00e9ho asijsk\u00e9ho rivala a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm se vzd\u00e1t embarga v\u016f\u010di Kub\u011b, aby obnovil ur\u010dit\u00fd vliv na z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli, uzav\u00edr\u00e1 autor.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-19187 aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO-300x36.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1158\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO-300x36.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/1-PRO.jpg 699w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1158px) 100vw, 1158px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 60 let star\u00fd sank\u010dn\u00ed re\u017eim proti Kub\u011b je nejen zastaral\u00fd, byl od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19384,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[346,135,2417,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19383"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19383"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19383\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19384"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19383"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19383"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19383"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}