{"id":19309,"date":"2022-12-07T01:05:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-07T00:05:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=19309"},"modified":"2022-12-06T18:26:37","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T17:26:37","slug":"jak-cina-upadla-do-pasti-nuloveho-covidu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/07\/jak-cina-upadla-do-pasti-nuloveho-covidu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak \u010c\u00edna upadla do pasti \u201enulov\u00e9ho Covidu\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kontroly Covidu se staly vektory politick\u00e9 kontroly a prost\u0159edkem k projeven\u00ed loajality v\u016f\u010di Si \u0164in-pchingovi \u2013 bez ohledu na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve dnech 27. a\u017e 28. listopadu se des\u00edtky tis\u00edc ob\u010dan\u016f z\u00fa\u010dastnily bezprecedentn\u00edch protest\u016f ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech a p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 75 univerzitn\u00edch kampusech po cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b, kter\u00e9 po\u017eadovaly svobodu a ukon\u010den\u00ed politiky \u201enulov\u00e9ho Covidu\u201c.\u00a0Mezi rozzloben\u00fdmi pracovn\u00edky iPhon\u016f a polici\u00ed v Zhengzhou pak do\u0161lo k n\u00e1siln\u00fdm st\u0159et\u016fm.\u00a0Jak k t\u00e9to situaci do\u0161lo?<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady ve Wu-chanu v prosinci 2019 a lednu 2020 skryly z\u00e1va\u017enost Covid-19, \u010c\u00edna zah\u00e1jila intenzivn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed mobiliza\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148 k potla\u010den\u00ed viru.\u00a0Tato reakce umo\u017enila hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed na konci roku 2020 a 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto se \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 reakce na variantu Omicron po b\u0159eznu 2022 s nulov\u00fdm v\u00fdskytem Covidu stala v\u0161ezahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed, nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e1 a ekonomicky zruinuj\u00edc\u00ed.\u00a0Logika politick\u00e9 kontroly nahradila pragmatick\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 politiky.\u00a0\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost je frustrovan\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Povaha varianty Omicron a politick\u00fd kalend\u00e1\u0159 sehr\u00e1ly roli p\u0159i zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed technokratick\u00fdch a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch nulov\u00fdch kontrol Covid.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1sady nulov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskytu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed Covid se stalo ukazatelem v\u00fdkonu pro \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m politick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kdy\u017e bojuj\u00ed o pozice p\u0159ed 20. n\u00e1rodn\u00edm kongresem Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny (\u010cKS), kter\u00fd se konal 16.\u201322. \u0159\u00edjna 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

Covid-19 byl prezentov\u00e1n jako hlavn\u00ed hrozba, a\u010dkoli omicron m\u00e1 relativn\u011b n\u00edzkou patogenitu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi variantami.\u00a0Opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed byla zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bna, zat\u00edmco p\u0159edn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u0161t\u00ed odborn\u00edci a kritici opat\u0159en\u00ed byli uml\u010deni, v\u010detn\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 asociace Zhong Nanshan.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Lid\u00e9 si udr\u017euj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed odstup, kdy\u017e stoj\u00ed ve front\u011b na testy nukleov\u00fdch kyselin na Covid-19 v Huaian, provincii \u0164iang-su ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b, 2. srpna 2021.\u00a0Foto: AFP<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Kontroly COVID se staly vektory politick\u00e9 kontroly bez ohledu na du\u0161evn\u00ed zdrav\u00ed nebo ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.\u00a0Kdy\u017e se m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 uch\u00fdl\u00ed k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrole, aby z\u00edskali politick\u00fd hlas ve stran\u011b, jako to ud\u011blala \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 St\u00e1tn\u00ed rada v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Zhengzhou, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 to mezi obyvateli p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 reakce, strach a nejistotu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako ve m\u011bstech jako Sanya a Guangzhou jsou lid\u00e9 neust\u00e1le zadr\u017eov\u00e1ni bez upozorn\u011bn\u00ed nebo p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9ho konce.\u00a0Budovy jsou oplocen\u00e9.\u00a0Lid\u00e9 jsou posedl\u00ed barvou sv\u00e9ho elektronick\u00e9ho zdravotn\u00edho k\u00f3du.\u00a0A bl\u00edzk\u00e9 kontakty (mijie) nebo digit\u00e1ln\u011b identifikovan\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontakty (shikongbansuizhe) jsou p\u0159evezeny do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch karant\u00e9nn\u00edch center (fancang) na 7\u201310 dn\u00ed za potenci\u00e1ln\u011b drsn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trag\u00e9die neust\u00e1le p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou ve m\u011bstech Lanzhou, Guiyang, provincie S‘-\u010dchuan a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Urumqi, kde 24. listopadu zem\u0159elo v ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edm mrakodrapu deset lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jedinec ztr\u00e1c\u00ed kontrolu nad sv\u00fdm ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivotem, podporuje tang ping (le\u017e naplocho).\u00a0Na \u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed den byla naru\u0161ena mobilita lid\u00ed.\u00a0Firmy neum\u011bj\u00ed pl\u00e1novat a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ml\u00e1de\u017e se sna\u017e\u00ed naj\u00edt pr\u00e1ci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nezam\u011bstnanost mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed dosahuje 19 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fdval\u00fd tajemn\u00edk \u010cKS v \u0160anghaji Li Qiang p\u0159edsedal v dubnu \u0161patn\u011b \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9mu uzam\u010den\u00ed m\u011bsta.\u00a0Sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e politick\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00edc\u00ed Liovu pov\u011bst, byl pov\u00fd\u0161en na druh\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed post ve st\u00e1l\u00e9m v\u00fdboru politbyra \u010cKS a v b\u0159eznu 2023 se m\u00e1 st\u00e1t \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm premi\u00e9rem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Relativn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159enosnost spole\u010dnosti Omicron, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed patogenita \u00fadajn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ila n\u00e1klady na odstaven\u00ed nulov\u00e9ho Covidu.\u00a0Ale pro m\u00edstn\u00ed stranick\u00e9 byrokraty mohou b\u00fdt n\u00e1klady ob\u011btovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti na akci bez Covid ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady na otev\u0159en\u00ed se a v\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 jinak ne\u017e v demokratick\u00fdch politick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.\u00a0Je to proto, \u017ee se mus\u00ed dr\u017eet stranick\u00e9 implementace opat\u0159en\u00ed nulov\u00e9ho Covidu ve stylu kampan\u011b, aby politicky p\u0159e\u017eili.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00ed asij\u0161t\u00ed soused\u00e9 vsadili na o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v roce 2022 vr\u00e1t\u00ed \u017eivot do norm\u00e1lu. To st\u00e1lo za to, ale myslelo se, \u017ee bude ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u00e1klady na odstaven\u00ed.\u00a0Mimo jin\u00e9 se mezi 1. lednem a 8. listopadem zv\u00fd\u0161il po\u010det kumulativn\u00edch \u00famrt\u00ed na milion v Singapuru ze 147 na 300. Stalo se tak navzdory \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9mu l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu a relativn\u011b vysok\u00e9 dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00e9 proo\u010dkovanosti a p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inou mRNA vakc\u00ednami kolem 90 %, resp. 79 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010c\u00ed\u0148anka dost\u00e1v\u00e1 vakc\u00ednu Sinovac v Hangzhou, provincii \u010ce-\u0165iang ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010c\u00edn\u011b, 20. \u010dervna 2021.\u00a0Foto: AFP<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Naproti tomu \u00famrtnost v \u010c\u00edn\u011b je 3,7 \u00famrt\u00ed na milion.\u00a0Dvojit\u00e1 m\u00edra imunizace (ne-mRNA vakc\u00ednami) byla v listopadu 89 %, ale p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed dostalo pouze 57 % zp\u016fsobil\u00e9 populace, tak\u017ee \u010c\u00edna byla zraniteln\u00e1 v\u016f\u010di budouc\u00edm virov\u00fdm vln\u00e1m.\u00a0N\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra d\u016fv\u011bry obyvatelstva v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 vakc\u00edny a dosavadn\u00ed neochota dov\u00e1\u017eet zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vakc\u00edny mRNA zp\u016fsobily, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna uv\u00edzla v omikronov\u00e9 pasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

O \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch politik\u00e1ch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pandemie v roce 2022 lze u\u010dinit \u0161est dal\u0161\u00edch post\u0159eh\u016f.\u00a0Za prv\u00e9, pandemie Covid-19 se stala d\u016fvodem pro odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed se od d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00e9ry reforem a otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed se \u010c\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, kontroly Covid-19 nebyly po 20. n\u00e1rodn\u00edm kongresu \u010cKS v\u00fdrazn\u011b uvoln\u011bny.\u00a0P\u0159esto\u017ee \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed komise vydala memorandum o zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v boji proti Covid-19, ve spr\u00e1v\u011b Covid-19 zat\u00edm do\u0161lo k n\u011bkolika z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, rok 2022 odhalil nedostatky \u010c\u00edny ve zdravotnictv\u00ed, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di a podpo\u0159e du\u0161evn\u00edho zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0Rovn\u011b\u017e odhalila kapacity \u010c\u00edny v oblasti sledov\u00e1n\u00ed, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly a policejn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za \u010dtvrt\u00e9, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed p\u0159ita\u017elivost \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho diskurzu o lidsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd up\u0159ednost\u0148uje lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot p\u0159ed individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobodou, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na pochyb\u00e1ch vzhledem k bolestn\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm zku\u0161enostem, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd lid.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za p\u00e1t\u00e9, k fragmentaci a lokalizaci \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 ekonomiky do\u0161lo v roce 2022, kdy\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed s nulovou Covid \u201ep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pevn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem\u201c (zuofeng guoying), aby signalizovali politickou loajalitu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9mu prezidentovi Si \u0164in-pchingovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdm\u011bny lid\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a sv\u011btem (i p\u0159es m\u00edrn\u00e9 uvoln\u011bn\u00ed karant\u00e9nn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f pro osoby vstupuj\u00edc\u00ed do \u010c\u00edny) a uvnit\u0159 \u010c\u00edny poklesly.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed jazyky za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed o\u017eiven\u00ed.\u00a0Za \u0161est\u00e9 a celkov\u011b exportn\u011b orientovan\u00e1 m\u011bsta jako Shenzhen \u010del\u00ed men\u0161\u00edm omezen\u00edm ne\u017e finan\u010dn\u00ed centra jako \u0160anghaj a Hong Kong.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Demonstranti na demonstraci v Pekingu 28. listopadu dr\u017e\u00ed pr\u00e1zdn\u00e9 listy pap\u00edru.\u00a0Obr\u00e1zek: Screengrab\/CNN<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Na konci roku 2022 se omikron \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b i p\u0159es nulov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed Covid.\u00a0St\u00e1l\u00fd v\u00fdbor Politick\u00e9ho byra Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny znovu potvrdil sv\u016fj politick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, ale ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou vy\u010derpan\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich hn\u011bv nakonec propukl v erupci povst\u00e1n\u00ed a protest\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch po cel\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b 27. a\u017e 28. listopadu, co\u017e veden\u00ed strany p\u0159ekvapilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poprv\u00e9 od roku 1990 m\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e1 ekonomika hor\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon ne\u017e zbytek Asie.\u00a0Otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, zda \u010c\u00edna dok\u00e1\u017ee naj\u00edt pragmatick\u00e9 a m\u00edrov\u00e9 v\u00fdchodisko ze sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu nulov\u00e9ho Covidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dustin Lo<\/strong> je kandid\u00e1tem na magistersk\u00e9 studium politologie a v\u011bdeck\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkem na University of British Columbia.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Yves Tiberghien<\/strong> je profesorem politologie a emeritn\u00edm \u0159editelem Institutu asijsk\u00fdch studi\u00ed na University of British Columbia.\u00a0Je tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u010dlenem Asijsko-pacifick\u00e9 nadace Kanady.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e9rie EAF na rok 2022 v recenzi a na rok dop\u0159edu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek byl poprv\u00e9 publikov\u00e1n a je publikov\u00e1n se svolen\u00edm East Asia Forum se s\u00eddlem na Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and Pacific, Australian National University.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Kontroly Covidu se staly vektory politick\u00e9 kontroly a prost\u0159edkem k projeven\u00ed loajality v\u016f\u010di Si \u0164in-pchingovi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,23,3974,1458],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19309"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19309"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19309\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19309"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19309"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19309"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}