{"id":19085,"date":"2022-12-02T01:17:26","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T00:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=19085"},"modified":"2022-12-02T10:55:52","modified_gmt":"2022-12-02T09:55:52","slug":"jak-muze-rusko-pripravit-ukrajinu-o-podporu-z-vesmiru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/12\/02\/jak-muze-rusko-pripravit-ukrajinu-o-podporu-z-vesmiru\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak m\u016f\u017ee Rusko p\u0159ipravit Ukrajinu o podporu z vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Komer\u010dn\u00ed satelity, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b bojovat, by se mohly st\u00e1t \u201elegitimn\u00edmi c\u00edli pro odvetu\u201c, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 rusk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Jak se stalo, \u017ee se pro vojensk\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat \u010dist\u011b civiln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co by se stalo, kdyby je Rusko skute\u010dn\u011b za\u010dalo ni\u010dit a jak\u00e1 by mohla b\u00fdt technologick\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na tuto v\u00fdzvu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u00e1r lety operovalo na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze asi tis\u00edc aktivn\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed a jejich po\u010det se postupn\u011b zvy\u0161oval o n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek ro\u010dn\u011b.\u00a0Zhruba p\u0159ed p\u011bti lety v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k technologick\u00e9mu pr\u016flomu, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a pot\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b dramaticky zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich satelitn\u00ed konstelace.\u00a0Po\u010det satelit\u016f za\u010dal rychle r\u016fst.<\/p>\n

K 1. lednu 2022\u00a0ji\u017e<\/a>\u00a0ve vesm\u00edru fungovalo 4852 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed .\u00a0P\u0159itom 2944 z nich pat\u0159ilo Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm, asi 500 \u010c\u00edn\u011b a 160 Rusk\u00e9 federaci.\u00a0Jen v ne\u00fapln\u00e9m roce 2022 se jejich po\u010det zv\u00fd\u0161il o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 2000 kus\u016f.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti m\u00e1me p\u0159ed sebou v\u00fdsledky jak\u00e9si kosmick\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem tak prudk\u00e9ho n\u00e1r\u016fstu provozovan\u00fdch dru\u017eic se stala velk\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 konstelace vlastn\u011bn\u00e1 komer\u010dn\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi.\u00a0V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed komunika\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu k internetu a d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu Zem\u011b (ERS).<\/p>\n

\u010cas velk\u00e9 skupiny<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z nich je glob\u00e1ln\u00ed satelitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Starlink od SpaceX, kter\u00fd poskytuje vysokorychlostn\u00ed \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu.\u00a0V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b m\u00e1 skupina ji\u017e 3 271 operuj\u00edc\u00edch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 1 500 odstartovalo v roce 2022.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed konkurenti Elona Muska, OneWeb, maj\u00ed na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze 428 aktivn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u00a0D\u00e1le – m\u00e9n\u011b.\u00a0Z t\u011bch v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch bych r\u00e1d jmenoval dv\u011b soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed data d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu Zem\u011b, Planet Labs m\u00e1 asi 150 funguj\u00edc\u00edch satelit\u016f a Maxar Technologies od 80 do 100.<\/em><\/p>\n

Dr\u00e1hy mnoha t\u011bchto satelit\u016f (vojensk\u00fdch i obchodn\u00edch) proch\u00e1zej\u00ed nad \u00fazem\u00edm Ruska a nad \u00fazem\u00edm Ukrajiny.\u00a0Fotografuj\u00ed, p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed sn\u00edmky v r\u016fzn\u00fdch rozsaz\u00edch a zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed se radarov\u00fdm sn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm.\u00a0Fotografie jsou odesl\u00e1ny na Zemi, zpracov\u00e1ny a pou\u017eity.\u00a0V\u010detn\u011b je kupuje arm\u00e1da pro sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dely.\u00a0V\u0161echny vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 mocnosti se zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed podobn\u00fdm satelitn\u00edm pr\u016fzkumem.<\/p>\n

Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed vojensk\u00e1 operace na Ukrajin\u011b uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee satelitn\u00ed pr\u016fzkum, vyu\u017eit\u00ed satelitn\u00ed komunikace a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9.\u00a0Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00e1m z\u00edskat v\u00e1\u017enou taktickou v\u00fdhodu nad nep\u0159\u00edtelem.\u00a0Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou rychlost z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed provozn\u00edch informac\u00ed, jejich zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a mo\u017enost jejich p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinkuj\u00edc\u00edm.\u00a0Schopnost sledovat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd kus vybaven\u00ed, p\u0159ij\u00edmat informace o nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch letadlech doslova okam\u017eit\u011b po vzletu.<\/p>\n

Starlink se stal z\u00e1chranou pro ukrajinskou arm\u00e1du.\u00a0Mo\u017enost m\u00edt plnohodnotn\u00e9 p\u0159ipojen\u00ed kdekoli, na jedouc\u00edm aut\u011b nebo lodi je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 k nezaplacen\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n

Pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a pota\u017emo pro NATO p\u0159itom pracuj\u00ed jak vojensk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 lod\u011b, tak stovky civiln\u00edch.\u00a0Pro mnoho spole\u010dnost\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch se d\u00e1lkov\u00fdm pr\u016fzkumem Zem\u011b je dlouhodob\u011b hlavn\u00edm z\u00e1kazn\u00edkem americk\u00e9 ministerstvo obrany.\u00a0Nelze p\u0159itom kontrolovat, kter\u00e1 dru\u017eice informaci vys\u00edl\u00e1 a kdo je jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem.\u00a0Je jasn\u00e9, kam m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed, ale nelze nic dok\u00e1zat, technicky je to nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Toto je nov\u00e1 vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 realita na\u0161eho sv\u011bta.\u00a0Vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch lod\u00ed bude p\u0159ib\u00fdvat a data z nich budou p\u0159ich\u00e1zet rychleji a rychleji.\u00a0Tyto satelity nejsou p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b vzato zbran\u011b, ale dramaticky zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost skute\u010dn\u00fdch zbran\u00ed na boji\u0161ti.\u00a0V modern\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed plot k ukryt\u00ed tajn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 jednotky nesta\u010d\u00ed, v\u0161e bude shora dokonale viditeln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A nyn\u00ed rusk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed u\u010dinilo k t\u011bmto satelit\u016fm zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed\u00a0prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/a>\u00a0: \u201ePotvrzujeme, \u017ee takov\u00e1 kvazi-civiln\u00ed infrastruktura, bude-li pou\u017eita ve vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch proti Rusku, se m\u016f\u017ee zcela logicky st\u00e1t legitimn\u00edm c\u00edlem pro odvetnou por\u00e1\u017eku.<\/p>\n

Tato situace nejv\u00edce p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 pokusy o p\u0159e\u0159\u00edznut\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch cest nep\u0159\u00edtele.\u00a0Stalo se tak ji\u017e b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed i druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Tehdy tak\u00e9 do\u0161lo k \u00fatoku na komer\u010dn\u00ed civiln\u00ed lod\u011b pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edho principu.<\/p>\n

Logika je p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b stejn\u00e1: civiln\u00ed lo\u010f m\u016f\u017ee plnit vojensk\u00e9 \u00fakoly – p\u0159epravovat zbran\u011b nebo vojensk\u00fd person\u00e1l.\u00a0Pravda, v tu chv\u00edli byla plnohodnotn\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka a pokus o sest\u0159elen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 lodi se snadno mohl st\u00e1t pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00fdm casus belli k jej\u00edmu rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m je ale jinde.\u00a0Lov nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch transport\u00e9r\u016f, krom\u011b jejich ni\u010den\u00ed, nutil nep\u0159\u00edtele komplikovat logistiku, kl\u00e1st nov\u00e9 m\u00e9n\u011b pohodln\u00e9 a del\u0161\u00ed trasy a trhat v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti.\u00a0V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b satelitu se ni\u010den\u00ed jednoho z nich nezastav\u00ed a prakticky neovlivn\u00ed provoz ostatn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

A jedinou \u010dist\u011b vojenskou a nejradik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak tuto hrozbu eliminovat, je masivn\u00ed ni\u010den\u00ed satelit\u016f na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze.\u00a0Rusko \u2013 a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b \u2013 na to maj\u00ed technick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti.\u00a0Pravda, realizace takov\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e nevyhnuteln\u011b povede k mnohalet\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejobl\u00edben\u011bj\u0161\u00edch drah troskami ze zni\u010den\u00fdch kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed.\u00a0A tak\u00e9 s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed pro\u0159\u00eddne a zni\u010d\u00ed jak ruskou satelitn\u00ed konstelaci, tak t\u0159eba i \u010d\u00ednskou.\u00a0T\u00edm zni\u010d\u00ed i dv\u011b orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed stanice operuj\u00edc\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru \u2013 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ISS a \u010d\u00ednskou Tiangong.<\/p>\n

P\u0159irozen\u011b v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b lidstvo p\u0159ijde o satelitn\u00ed komunikaci, televizi, kvalitn\u00ed meteorologii, navigaci a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, na kter\u00e9 jsme si za posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed zvykli.\u00a0Lidstvo p\u0159itom zat\u00edm nem\u00e1 technologie na efektivn\u00ed \u00faklid vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu, tak\u017ee vesm\u00edr m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt uzav\u0159en na des\u00edtky nebo dokonce stovky let.<\/p>\n

Ud\u011blejte to sam\u00e9<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017ee Rusko v takov\u00e9 situaci d\u011blat?\u00a0Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee ani jeden st\u00e1t se takov\u00e9 prostorov\u00e9 v\u00fdhody v technologii dobrovoln\u011b nevzd\u00e1.\u00a0A nepodep\u00ed\u0161e ani \u017e\u00e1dnou smlouvu o omezen\u00ed takov\u00fdch civiln\u00edch technologi\u00ed s pohodln\u00fdm vojensk\u00fdm vyu\u017eit\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed se ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 na Smlouvu o vesm\u00edru z roku 1967, kterou podepsala v\u011bt\u0161ina st\u00e1t\u016f, ale nen\u00ed tam nic, co by zakazovalo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed.\u00a0\u010cl\u00e1nek 4 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eSt\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 jsou smluvn\u00ed stranou Dohody, se zavazuj\u00ed, \u017ee neumis\u0165uj\u00ed na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu kolem Zem\u011b \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty nesouc\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b nebo jin\u00e9 zbran\u011b hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed, neinstaluj\u00ed takov\u00e9 zbran\u011b na nebesk\u00e1 t\u011blesa ani neumis\u0165uj\u00ed takov\u00e9 zbran\u011b do kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru. jak\u00fdmkoli jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.“<\/p>\n

Tak tohle se nestane, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zbran\u011b hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed do vesm\u00edru, d\u00edky bohu, je zat\u00edm nikdo nevyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Prost\u011b vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 zpravodajstv\u00ed se stalo nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem.<\/em><\/p>\n

Je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by v t\u00e9to situaci pomohl i rusko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd n\u00e1vrh \u201eSmlouvy o prevenci umis\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed zbran\u00ed v kosmick\u00e9m prostoru, pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly nebo hrozby silou proti vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm objekt\u016fm\u201c.\u00a0Za sou\u010dasn\u00e9 situace by to mohl sh\u016fry tla\u010dit jen technologick\u00fd l\u00eddr a pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty je to zat\u00edm naprosto nerentabiln\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 mo\u017enost tedy vypad\u00e1 jako skute\u010dn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsob, jak \u010delit z\u00e1padn\u00edm zpravodajsk\u00fdm satelit\u016fm \u2013 vybudovat si vlastn\u00ed satelitn\u00ed konstelaci, ve\u0159ejnou i soukromou.\u00a0Abychom se sami stali vesm\u00edrn\u00fdmi v\u016fdci v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch, kdy se orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed seskupen\u00ed stala z\u00e1kladem modern\u00edho vesm\u00edru.\u00a0Roskosmos a rusk\u00e9 ministerstvo obrany si tuto situaci zjevn\u011b dob\u0159e uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno \u0161\u00e9f Roskosmosu Jurij Borisov \u0159ekl, \u017ee hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem rusk\u00e9 kosmonautiky je p\u0159echod k hromadn\u00e9 a \u0159adov\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017ei kosmick\u00fdch lod\u00ed, dosa\u017een\u00ed produkce minim\u00e1ln\u011b 200 satelit\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b do roku 2026.\u00a0Ministerstvo obrany tak\u00e9 dopl\u0148uje konstelaci satelit\u016f s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed rychlost\u00ed – jen tento m\u011bs\u00edc byly uskute\u010dn\u011bny ji\u017e t\u0159i \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 starty z kosmodromu Plesetsk.\u00a0R\u00e1d bych doufal, \u017ee budouc\u00ed Star Wars se ponesou v tomto \u201eproduk\u010dn\u00edm duchu\u201c.<\/p>\n

Michail Kotov<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Komer\u010dn\u00ed satelity, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed Ukrajin\u011b bojovat, by se mohly st\u00e1t \u201elegitimn\u00edmi c\u00edli pro odvetu\u201c, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1679,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[22,1864,88],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19085"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19085"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19085\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1679"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}