{"id":18783,"date":"2022-11-26T01:03:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T00:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=18783"},"modified":"2022-11-25T16:18:37","modified_gmt":"2022-11-25T15:18:37","slug":"dalsi-prohrana-valka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/11\/26\/dalsi-prohrana-valka\/","title":{"rendered":"Dal\u0161\u00ed prohran\u00e1 v\u00e1lka"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Baerbock prosazuje prodlou\u017een\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace v Mali \u2013 z \u010dist\u011b strategick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.\u00a0Mise v Mali se nezda\u0159ila, stejn\u011b jako ta v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/h2>\n
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BAMAKO\/BERL\u00cdN<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(Vlastn\u00ed zpr\u00e1va)<\/strong> – Spolkov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da odkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed Bundeswehru z Mali na kv\u011bten 2024, aby o rok d\u00e9le prosadila strategick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy N\u011bmecka v Sahelu.\u00a0Shodly se na tom ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annalena Baerbock a ministryn\u011b obrany Christine Lambrechtov\u00e1.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco Lambrecht po\u017eadoval ukon\u010den\u00ed mise, kdy\u017e v kv\u011btnu 2023 skon\u010dil sou\u010dasn\u00fd mand\u00e1t Bundeswehru, Baerbock po\u017eadoval prodlou\u017een\u00ed \u2013 z d\u016fvod\u016f, kter\u00e9 nem\u011bly nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se z\u00e1jmy Mali: rusk\u00fd vliv v Sahelu musel b\u00fdt odsunut stranou, zahrani\u010dn\u00ed ministr vysv\u011btlil ;\u00a0Zazn\u011blo tak\u00e9, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dast v misi OSN v Mali by byla v\u00fdhodn\u00e1, aby se zasadila o obnoven\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho k\u0159esla v Rad\u011b bezpe\u010dnosti OSN.\u00a0Kdy\u017e byl Bundeswehr nasazen na konci roku 2001 v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, sd\u00edlel fakt, \u017ee misi v Mali dominovaly \u010dist\u011b strategick\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy.Tamn\u00ed mise loni selhala po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dvou desetilet\u00edch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f, nedostatku \u00fasil\u00ed o rekonstrukci a nev\u011bdomosti Z\u00e1padu.\u00a0Ukazuje mnoho paralel s mis\u00ed v Mali, kter\u00e1 tak\u00e9 selhala.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Por\u00e1\u017eka v Hind\u00faku\u0161i<\/span><\/h3>\n

Rozhodnut\u00edm definitivn\u011b st\u00e1hnout Bundeswehr z Mali do kv\u011btna 2024 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da ofici\u00e1ln\u011b prohr\u00e1v\u00e1 i dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lku na Z\u00e1pad\u011b \u2013 v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u00e1lku prim\u00e1rn\u011b v Evrop\u011b.\u00a0V srpnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku NATO narychlo st\u00e1hlo sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky z Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu pot\u00e9, co se Talibanu poda\u0159ilo dostat zemi pod kontrolu rychleji, ne\u017e se \u010dekalo.\u00a0T\u00edm skon\u010dila \u2013 i pro Bundeswehr \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 let trvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1lka, v n\u00ed\u017e vojensky drtiv\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed p\u0159esila nebyla schopna od p\u0159elomu let 2001\/2002 prov\u00e9st autokraticky ohla\u0161ovanou rekonstrukci ekonomicky zdevastovan\u00e9 zem\u011b.\u00a0B\u011bhem chaotick\u00e9ho stahov\u00e1n\u00ed vojsk u\u017e toho feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da ani nebyla schopna\u00a0samostatn\u011b organizovat evakuaci n\u011bmeck\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f a afgh\u00e1nsk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, nap\u0159. z n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho velvyslanectv\u00ed a Bundeswehru;\u00a0byla z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na aktivn\u00ed podpo\u0159e diplomat\u016f z Katarsk\u00e9ho emir\u00e1tu.[1]\u00a0Bezpo\u010det v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010din\u016f sp\u00e1chan\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00ed arm\u00e1dou v Hind\u00faku\u0161i z\u016fstalo z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nepotrest\u00e1no [2], stejn\u011b jako zlo\u010diny za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00edmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami ve \u201ev\u00e1lce proti terorismu\u201c v Hind\u00faku\u0161i i mimo n\u011bj [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

Neprofesion\u00e1ln\u00ed a neznal\u00fd<\/span><\/h3>\n

Neobvykle otev\u0159en\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o tom, jak Bundeswehr vstoupil do akce v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, zazn\u011bla v pond\u011bl\u00ed na prvn\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sly\u0161en\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed komise z\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Bundestagem v \u010dervenci, aby se pou\u010dila pro budouc\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace z rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9ho selh\u00e1n\u00ed v Hind\u00faku\u0161i. vyt\u00e1hnout.[4]\u00a0V souladu s t\u00edm se rozhodnut\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy zas\u00e1hnout net\u00fdkalo Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu jako takov\u00e9ho, ale demonstrov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201epodpory\u201c Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm.\u00a0V t\u00e9 dob\u011b byla americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u201eextr\u00e9mn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na sebe\u201c \u2013 \u201estra\u0161ideln\u00e1\u201c, hl\u00e1sil v t\u00e9 dob\u011b poradce pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiku v kancl\u00e9\u0159stv\u00ed Michael Steiner;\u00a0panovaly obavy ze ztr\u00e1ty transatlantick\u00e9 podpory, pokud se nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.[5]\u00a0Operace ji\u017e za\u010dala \u201eneprofesion\u00e1ln\u011b a chaoticky\u201c,\u00a0p\u0159iznal gener\u00e1lporu\u010d\u00edk Carl-Hubertus von Butler ve v\u00fdslu\u017eb\u011b, kter\u00fd p\u0159ijel do K\u00e1bulu v lednu 2002 s p\u0159edvojem.\u00a0V\u00fdzkumn\u00edk m\u00edru a konflikt\u016f Conrad Schetter uvedl, \u017ee v t\u00e9 dob\u011b neexistovala prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 znalost zem\u011b p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00fd uvedl, \u017ee \u201eintervenuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm obdob\u00ed nevyvinuli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o rozvoj \u201ediferencovan\u00fdch znalost\u00ed o afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c. operoval tak, aby \u201egeneroval\u201c.[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

Por\u00e1\u017eka v Sahelu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Paralely mezi mis\u00ed v Mali a mis\u00ed v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu nelze p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout a od za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2016 se o nich ve\u0159ejn\u011b diskutuje.[7]\u00a0Ani v Mali se neda\u0159\u00ed dostat pod kontrolu \u2013 \u010dasto d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e1 \u2013 povst\u00e1n\u00ed na severu zem\u011b;\u00a0naopak u\u017e d\u00e1vno expandovaly do centra Mali.\u00a0Ani v Mali nedo\u0161lo k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu rozvoji;\u00a0Ani tam nejsou st\u00edh\u00e1ny \u00fadajn\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010diny.[8]\u00a0Na rozd\u00edl od Hind\u00faku\u0161e tam vojensk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da vynucuje sta\u017een\u00ed evropsk\u00fdch jednotek;\u00a0Dosahuje toho nejen, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee br\u00e1n\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdm operac\u00edm evropsk\u00fdch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil a obnovuje tak vlastn\u00ed suverenitu (informoval german-foreign-policy.com [9]).\u00a0Francie,\u00a0kter\u00e1 poskytla zdaleka nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st interven\u010dn\u00edch jednotek, st\u00e1hla sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed voj\u00e1ky v srpnu.\u00a0Za\u010d\u00e1tkem minul\u00e9ho t\u00fddne Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee ukon\u010d\u00ed svou \u00fa\u010dast v MINUSMA, misi OSN v Mali.[10]\u00a0Jin\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b ji\u017e sv\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky p\u0159ivedly zp\u011bt nebo se k tomu chystaj\u00ed.\u00a0V Berl\u00edn\u011b vojen\u0161t\u00ed politici u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu prosazuj\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee mise selhala, a tak\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed Bundeswehru.\u00a0Bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed mand\u00e1t mise by mohl jednodu\u0161e vypr\u0161et a sta\u017een\u00ed skon\u010dilo do kv\u011btna 2023.\u00a0[10] Ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b ji\u017e sv\u00e9 jednotky st\u00e1hly nebo se k tomu chystaj\u00ed.\u00a0V Berl\u00edn\u011b vojen\u0161t\u00ed politici u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu prosazuj\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee mise selhala, a tak\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed Bundeswehru.\u00a0Bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed mand\u00e1t mise by mohl jednodu\u0161e vypr\u0161et a sta\u017een\u00ed skon\u010dilo do kv\u011btna 2023.\u00a0[10] Ostatn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b ji\u017e sv\u00e9 jednotky st\u00e1hly nebo se k tomu chystaj\u00ed.\u00a0V Berl\u00edn\u011b vojen\u0161t\u00ed politici u\u017e n\u011bjakou dobu prosazuj\u00ed p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee mise selhala, a tak\u00e9 sta\u017een\u00ed Bundeswehru.\u00a0Bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed mand\u00e1t mise by mohl jednodu\u0161e vypr\u0161et a sta\u017een\u00ed skon\u010dilo do kv\u011btna 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

„Nebyl ponech\u00e1n Rusku“<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zablokovala to zejm\u00e9na ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annalena Baerbock.\u00a0Stejn\u011b jako ty, kter\u00e9 vedly k rozhodnut\u00ed odjet do Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu v roce 2001, d\u016fvody nemaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se samotn\u00fdm Mali.\u00a0Baerbock nap\u0159\u00edklad vysv\u011btluje, tak\u00e9 s ohledem na migraci z Afriky na jih od Sahary, kter\u00e1 vede p\u0159es Mali k pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e, \u017ee chceme zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby \u201eSahel vytv\u00e1\u0159el bezpe\u010dn\u00e1 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u011b propojen\u00e9 teroristick\u00e9 organizace, pro organizovan\u00e9 zlo\u010din\u201c.[11]\u00a0Krom\u011b toho \u00fa\u010dast Bundeswehru na MINUSMA nab\u00edz\u00ed \u201ev o\u010d\u00edch Spolkov\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost p\u0159edstavit N\u011bmecko OSN jako spolehliv\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho partnera\u201c.\u00a0To se d\u011bje \u201es bo\u010dn\u00edmi pohledy na dal\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ambice a z\u00e1m\u011bry, jako je kup\u0159\u00a0\u017ee N\u011bmecko chce b\u00fdt za p\u00e1r let op\u011bt nest\u00e1l\u00fdm \u010dlenem Rady bezpe\u010dnosti.\u201c[12]\u00a0P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm by se ale z Mali nem\u011blo stahovat, proto\u017ee pak by \u201evakuum je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zaplnily jin\u00e9 s\u00edly\u201c, po\u017eadoval ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed u\u017e v kv\u011btnu;\u00a0to se t\u00fdk\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na \u201erusk\u00fdch sil\u201c.[13]\u00a0Baerbockovi se poda\u0159ilo prodlou\u017eit ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou misi o dal\u0161\u00ed rok do kv\u011btna 2024 \u2013 v\u00fdhradn\u011b v z\u00e1jmu strategick\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f Berl\u00edna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Bez ohledu na to se feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da st\u00e1le v\u00edce orientuje na realizaci vlastn\u00edho vlivu v Sahelu, kter\u00e9ho ji\u017e nelze dos\u00e1hnout tak, jak by bylo \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vojensk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti v Mali, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm jin\u00e9 zem\u011b – p\u0159es Niger a tamn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost feder\u00e1ln\u00edch ozbrojen\u00fdch sil.\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly se v zemi ji\u017e d\u00e1vno za\u010daly etablovat;\u00a0tam usiluj\u00ed o roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch aktivit.\u00a0german-foreign-policy.com bude brzy informovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

[1] Mathias Br\u00fcggmann: Pro\u010d se Z\u00e1pad v afgh\u00e1nsk\u00e9 krizi spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na Katar.\u00a0handelsblatt.com 09.09.2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Viz\u00a0<\/span>\u00c9ra beztrestnosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Klub v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Viz\u00a0<\/span>bilance \u201ev\u00e1lky proti terorismu\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Experti popisuj\u00ed geopolitickou situaci a za\u010d\u00e1tek mise.\u00a0bundestag.de 21.11.2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Zpackan\u00fd a neprofesion\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u010d\u00e1tek.\u00a0Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 22.11.2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Prof Dr\u00a0Conrad Schetter, Bonn International Center for Conflict Studies (BICC): Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 sly\u0161en\u00ed na t\u00e9ma „Kontext a situace v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu na za\u010d\u00e1tku mise v roce 2001. V\u00fdchoz\u00ed bod 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001 a\u017e do Petersbersk\u00e9 konference 2001“ 21. listopadu, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Viz\u00a0<\/span>Jak v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Jak v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu (II)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Viz\u00a0<\/span>Pu\u010d v d\u011bji\u0161ti operac\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] Viz\u00a0<\/span>Bitva o Mali (I)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Bitva o Mali (II)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u011b stahuje sv\u00e9 jednotky z Mali, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obvi\u0148uje politickou nestabilitu.\u00a0bbc.co.uk 14.11.2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11], [12] Peter Carstens, Johannes Leith\u00e4user, Michaela Wiegel, Claudia Br\u00f6ll: N\u011bmecko zat\u00edm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v Mali, ale za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 se stahovat.\u00a0Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung 23. listopadu 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] Projev ministryn\u011b zahrani\u010d\u00ed Annaleny Baerbock v debat\u011b Bundestagu o pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti ozbrojen\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch sil v Multidimenzion\u00e1ln\u00ed integrovan\u00e9 stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed misi OSN v Mali (MINUSMA).\u00a0Berl\u00edn, 11. kv\u011btna 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Baerbock prosazuje prodlou\u017een\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace v Mali \u2013 z \u010dist\u011b strategick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.\u00a0Mise v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18784,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,1254,84,2662,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18783"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18783\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18784"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}