{"id":18781,"date":"2022-11-26T01:02:52","date_gmt":"2022-11-26T00:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=18781"},"modified":"2022-11-25T16:06:46","modified_gmt":"2022-11-25T15:06:46","slug":"valka-proti-hotovosti-indie-a-japonsko-zahajuji-pilotni-schema-digitalnich-penez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/11\/26\/valka-proti-hotovosti-indie-a-japonsko-zahajuji-pilotni-schema-digitalnich-penez\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka proti hotovosti: Indie a Japonsko zahajuj\u00ed pilotn\u00ed sch\u00e9ma digit\u00e1ln\u00edch pen\u011bz"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ned\u00e1vno jsme informovali, \u017ee Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pl\u00e1nuje zah\u00e1jit 12t\u00fddenn\u00ed pilotn\u00ed program ve spolupr\u00e1ci s n\u011bkolika velk\u00fdmi komer\u010dn\u00edmi bankami, aby otestoval proveditelnost digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky (CBDC).\u00a0USA nejsou jedin\u00e9, kdo experimentuje s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi m\u011bnami.\u00a0Indie pracuje na v\u00fdvoji digit\u00e1ln\u00ed rupie a ned\u00e1vno ozn\u00e1mila druhou f\u00e1zi testov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m pilotn\u00edm programu testov\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny na velkoobchodn\u00ed \u00farovni, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee bude testovat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed rupii na maloobchodn\u00ed \u00farovni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle RBI je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky \u201ez\u00e1konn\u00fdm platidlem vyd\u00e1van\u00fdm centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed podob\u011b.\u00a0Je to stejn\u00e9 jako fiat m\u011bna a m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt sm\u011bn\u011bna jedna ku jedn\u00e9 za fiat m\u011bnu.\u00a0Jen jejich tvar je jin\u00fd.“<\/span><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny jsou podobn\u00e9 bitcoinu a dal\u0161\u00edm kryptom\u011bn\u00e1m.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed jako virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed bankovky nebo mince ulo\u017een\u00e9 v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eence na va\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nebo chytr\u00e9m telefonu.\u00a0Rozd\u00edl mezi vl\u00e1dn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou a bitcoinem je v tom, \u017ee hodnota digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny je podporov\u00e1na a kontrolov\u00e1na vl\u00e1dou, stejn\u011b jako tradi\u010dn\u00ed fiat m\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 RBI: \u201eNa rozd\u00edl od kryptom\u011bn nen\u00ed CBDC komoditou nebo pohled\u00e1vkou na komodity nebo digit\u00e1ln\u00ed aktiva.\u00a0Kryptom\u011bny nemaj\u00ed emitenta.\u00a0Nejsou to pen\u00edze (nato\u017e m\u011bna), jak to slovo bylo historicky ch\u00e1p\u00e1no.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy listu Economic Times of India bude spole\u010dnost National Payments Corporation of India b\u011bhem zku\u0161ebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed provozovat platformu digit\u00e1ln\u00edho platebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu v rupi\u00edch.\u00a0Reserve Bank of India by cht\u011bla, aby ka\u017ed\u00e1 komer\u010dn\u00ed banka zapojen\u00e1 do pilotn\u00edho projektu otestovala pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed rupie v maloobchodn\u00edch prodejn\u00e1ch s 10 000 a\u017e 50 000 u\u017eivateli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pilotn\u00edho programu se z\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Union Bank of India, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Bank, Yes Bank a IDFC First Bank.\u00a0Pokud bude pilotn\u00ed program \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed RBI program na cel\u00fd indick\u00fd bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

E-rupie bude ulo\u017eena v pen\u011b\u017eence, nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnoty budou k dispozici na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, stejn\u011b jako \u017e\u00e1dost o hotovost z bankomatu.\u00a0Banky to zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed pouze ve vybran\u00fdch m\u011bstech,\u201c \u0159ekl Times \u010dlov\u011bk zapojen\u00fd do programu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

V koncep\u010dn\u00edm dokumentu RBI chv\u00e1l\u00ed v\u00fdhody digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee CBDC m\u016f\u017ee maloobchodn\u00edm z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm nab\u00eddnout p\u0159\u00edstup k bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm pro platby a vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, proto\u017ee jde o p\u0159\u00edmou odpov\u011bdnost centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky.\u00a0Velkoobchodn\u00ed CBDC maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l transformovat syst\u00e9my vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch transakc\u00ed, aby byly efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Vzhledem k potenci\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto dvou syst\u00e9m\u016f nab\u00edz\u00ed, by mohlo m\u00edt smysl p\u0159edstavit jak CBDC-W, tak CBDC-R.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dou vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny se prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se sliby, \u017ee jsou bezpe\u010dnou, pohodlnou a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativou k fyzick\u00e9 hotovosti.\u00a0Tak\u00e9 n\u00e1m bylo \u0159e\u010deno, \u017ee pomohou zastavit nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 zlo\u010dince, kte\u0159\u00ed oce\u0148uj\u00ed tvrdohlavost pen\u011bz.\u00a0Ale je tu i stinn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u2013 p\u0159\u00edslib kontroly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za v\u00fdvojem sm\u011brem ke st\u00e1tn\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011bn\u00e1m stoj\u00ed \u201ev\u00e1lka o hotovost\u201c.\u00a0Zbaven\u00ed se hotovosti d\u00e1v\u00e1 vl\u00e1d\u00e1m mo\u017enost sledovat a dokonce kontrolovat spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje a centr\u00e1ln\u00edm bank\u00e1m by je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce usnadnilo zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed manipulativn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky, jako jsou z\u00e1porn\u00e9 \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee u\u017e nen\u00ed hotovost.\u00a0P\u0159ed zraky vl\u00e1dy by nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 skr\u00fdt ani sebemen\u0161\u00ed transakci.\u00a0N\u011bco tak jednoduch\u00e9ho, jako j\u00edt r\u00e1no do Starbucks, by pro vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm.\u00a0Jak napsal Bloomberg v \u010dl\u00e1nku zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti zah\u00e1jen\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho pilotn\u00edho programu digit\u00e1ln\u00edho j\u00fcanu, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna nab\u00edz\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm \u00farove\u0148 kontroly, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 s fyzick\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da by dokonce mohla \u201evypnout\u201c schopnost \u010dlov\u011bka nakupovat.\u00a0Bloomberg podrobn\u011b popisuje, jakou kontrolu m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm poskytnout digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n

PBOC tak\u00e9 uvedla, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee omezit velikost n\u011bkter\u00fdch transakc\u00ed nebo dokonce po\u017eadovat lh\u016ftu pro velk\u00e9 transakce.\u00a0N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9 se ptaj\u00ed, zda by platby nemohly b\u00fdt spojeny s rod\u00edc\u00edm se syst\u00e9mem soci\u00e1ln\u00edch kredit\u016f, kde jsou vzorn\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u201ezaps\u00e1ni na b\u00edlou listinu\u201c pro privilegia, zat\u00edmco ob\u010dan\u00e9 s krimin\u00e1ln\u00edm nebo jin\u00fdm pochyben\u00edm jsou vylou\u010deni.\u00a0C\u00edlem \u010c\u00edny nen\u00ed u\u010dinit platby pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi, ale nahradit hotovost, aby mohla sledovat lidi je\u0161t\u011b l\u00e9pe ne\u017e dosud,\u201c argumentuje Aaron Brown, kryptoinvestor p\u00ed\u0161\u00edc\u00ed pro Bloomberg Opinion.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna loni spustila pilotn\u00ed program digit\u00e1ln\u00edho juanu.\u00a0Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna podporovan\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednskou vl\u00e1dou z\u00edskala podporu, kdy\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed online prodejce v zemi ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee bude prvn\u00ed virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed platformou, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednskou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonom Thorsten Polleit v \u010dl\u00e1nku publikovan\u00e9m na Mises Wire nast\u00ednil potenci\u00e1l st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly podobn\u00e9 Velk\u00e9mu bratrovi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm zaveden\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura.\u00a0Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru se cesta k tomu st\u00e1t se dozorov\u00fdm st\u00e1tem \u201ev\u00fdrazn\u011b zrychl\u00ed\u201c, kdy\u017e bude spu\u0161t\u011bna digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1dy po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b u\u017e l\u00e9ta ti\u0161e vedou v\u00e1lku o hotovost.\u00a0V roce 2017 vydal MMF mraziv\u00fd dokument nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u00e1m n\u00e1vrhy, jak p\u0159ej\u00edt na bezhotovostn\u00ed spole\u010dnost, a to navzdory siln\u00e9mu odporu ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako u v\u011bt\u0161iny v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vl\u00e1da d\u011bl\u00e1, dejte si pozor na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dolar.\u00a0M\u00e1 temnou str\u00e1nku, kterou mainstream ur\u010dit\u011b z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ignoruje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bank of Japan pl\u00e1nuje prov\u00e9st experiment s digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou (CBDC) s hlavn\u00edmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi hr\u00e1\u010di v zemi<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nikkei<\/em>\u00a0ve st\u0159edu\u00a0<\/span>ozn\u00e1mila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Bank of Japan nav\u00e1zala partnerstv\u00ed se t\u0159emi megabankami a region\u00e1ln\u00edmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi, aby na ja\u0159e 2023 zah\u00e1jila test digit\u00e1ln\u00edho jenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud v\u0161e p\u016fjde podle pl\u00e1nu, BOJ by mohla vydat CBDC v roce 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1vy od Yahoo Finance<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: Experiment BOJ prozkoum\u00e1, jak mohou vklady a v\u00fdb\u011bry fungovat s digit\u00e1ln\u00edm jenem, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 dne\u0161n\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n

CBDC je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed verze fiat m\u011bny zem\u011b \u2013 jako je americk\u00fd dolar nebo euro \u2013 podporovan\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou.\u00a0CBDC jsou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed aktiva, ale li\u0161\u00ed se od bitcoinu, etherea nebo dogecoinu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je to proto, \u017ee Bitcoin a dal\u0161\u00ed kryptom\u011bny jsou decentralizovan\u00e9;\u00a0Va\u0161e \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed kniha je udr\u017eov\u00e1na a kontrolov\u00e1na distribuovanou s\u00edt\u00ed auditor\u016f.\u00a0Naproti tomu CBDC jsou centralizovan\u00e1: kontroluje je centr\u00e1ln\u00ed org\u00e1n \u2013 vl\u00e1da nebo centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka.\u00a0R\u016fzn\u00e9 zem\u011b po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b jsou v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdzkumu a uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed CBDC.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna je daleko nap\u0159ed \u2013 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 mohou utr\u00e1cet digit\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00fcany.\u00a0Bahamy mezit\u00edm v roce 2020 spustily vlastn\u00ed CBDC.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pr\u00e1v\u011b minul\u00fd t\u00fdden velk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce v USA ozn\u00e1mily, \u017ee spolupracuj\u00ed s Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm rezervn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem na testov\u00e1n\u00ed platformy digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zast\u00e1nci soukrom\u00ed v\u0161ak vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy, \u017ee CBDC by mohly st\u00e1tu umo\u017enit \u0161pehovat v\u00fddaje ob\u010dan\u016f a dal\u0161\u00ed, viz \u010c\u00edna.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno jsme informovali, \u017ee Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pl\u00e1nuje zah\u00e1jit 12t\u00fddenn\u00ed pilotn\u00ed program ve spolupr\u00e1ci s…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18782,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3677,916,3009,79,105],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18781"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18781"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18781\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18782"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}