{"id":18352,"date":"2022-11-17T10:43:15","date_gmt":"2022-11-17T09:43:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=18352"},"modified":"2022-11-17T10:52:27","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T09:52:27","slug":"jim-lobe-americka-armada-pusobi-ve-vice-zemich-nez-si-myslime","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/11\/17\/jim-lobe-americka-armada-pusobi-ve-vice-zemich-nez-si-myslime\/","title":{"rendered":"Jim Lobe: Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da p\u016fsob\u00ed ve v\u00edce zem\u00edch, ne\u017e si mysl\u00edme"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va zjistila, \u017ee ministerstvo obrany pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 programy \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce\u201c pro \u201etajn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c a doporu\u010duje, aby je Kongres omezil.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 s\u00edly se zapojily do nepovolen\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed v mnohem v\u00edce zem\u00edch, ne\u017e \u0159ekl Pentagon Kongresu, nato\u017e ve\u0159ejnosti.\u00a0Vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 to z nov\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kterou koncem minul\u00e9ho t\u00fddne zve\u0159ejnilo Brennan Center for Justice na New York University School of Law.<\/p>\n

\u201eAfgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, Ir\u00e1k, mo\u017en\u00e1 Libye.\u00a0Kdybyste se zeptali pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho Ameri\u010dana, kde byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch ve v\u00e1lce, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b byste dostali tento kr\u00e1tk\u00fd seznam,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va Tajn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: Jak USA vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed a z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 s\u00edly k veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky. radar\u201c.\u00a0\u201eAle tento seznam je \u0161patn\u00fd \u2013 zahrnuje nejm\u00e9n\u011b 17 zem\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vedly ozbrojen\u00fd konflikt prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pozemn\u00edch sil, zastoupen\u00ed nebo leteck\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eToto \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed tajn\u00e9ho v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed je relativn\u011b ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem a je nedemokratick\u00e9 a nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e v \u00favodu autorka zpr\u00e1vy Katherine Yon Ebrightov\u00e1.\u00a0\u201eProv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed v neohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch zem\u00edch poru\u0161uje n\u00e1\u0161 \u00fastavn\u00ed po\u0159\u00e1dek.\u00a0Vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k vojensk\u00e9 eskalaci nep\u0159edv\u00eddatelnou pro ve\u0159ejnost, pro Kongres a dokonce i pro diplomaty pov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm zahrani\u010dn\u00edch vztah\u016f s USA.<\/p>\n

39str\u00e1nkov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va se zam\u011b\u0159uje na takzvan\u00e9 programy \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce\u201c schv\u00e1len\u00e9 Kongresem na z\u00e1klad\u011b povolen\u00ed z roku 2001 k pou\u017eit\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly (AUMF) proti ur\u010dit\u00fdm teroristick\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m.\u00a0Jeden z t\u011bchto program\u016f, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako sekce 127e, oprav\u0148uje ministerstvo obrany k \u201epodpor\u011b ciz\u00edch sil, neregul\u00e9rn\u00edch sil, skupin nebo jednotlivc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podporuj\u00ed nebo usnad\u0148uj\u00ed povolen\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 operace americk\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch sil v boji proti terorismu\u201c.<\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy byla tato \u201epodpora\u201c Pentagonem interpretov\u00e1na \u0161iroce \u2013 nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161iroce.\u00a0V praxi to umo\u017enilo americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b \u201evyvinout a kontrolovat n\u00e1hradn\u00ed s\u00edly, kter\u00e9 bojuj\u00ed jm\u00e9nem a n\u011bkdy po boku americk\u00fdch sil\u201c a br\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed partnery silou zbran\u00ed proti protivn\u00edk\u016fm (ve kter\u00fdch, jak Pentagon naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201e kolektivn\u00ed sebeobrana“), bez ohledu na to, zda tito protivn\u00edci p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu pro \u00fazem\u00ed USA nebo pro jednotlivce, a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bez ohledu na to, zda jsou protivn\u00edci ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1ni jako legitimn\u00ed c\u00edle podle AUMF z roku 2001, \u010di nikoli.<\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad v Som\u00e1lsku americk\u00e9 s\u00edly pou\u017eily v roce 2016 \u201ekolektivn\u00ed sebeobranu\u201c, aby za\u00fato\u010dily na konkuren\u010dn\u00ed milici Puntland Security Force, elitn\u00ed brig\u00e1du p\u016fvodn\u011b naverbovanou, vycvi\u010denou a vybavenou CIA a pot\u00e9 p\u0159evzatou Pentagonem v roce 2011.<\/p>\n

Pentagon nav\u00edc n\u011bkolik let pou\u017e\u00edval PSF, kter\u00e1 byla do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 na som\u00e1lsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, v boji proti al-Shabab a Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9mu st\u00e1tu Som\u00e1lsko, n\u011bkdy po boku americk\u00fdch sil, ne\u017e byla v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 moc al-Shabab uzn\u00e1na za legitimn\u00ed. ur\u010den\u00fd c\u00edl.\u00a0Nikdy se nezmi\u0148ovala o ISS jako takov\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v Kamerunu zast\u0159elili ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed doprov\u00e1zeli partnersk\u00e9 s\u00edly na \u201eporadn\u00ed a podp\u016frn\u00e9 misi\u201c, nep\u0159\u00edtele.\u00a0Pentagon tam pou\u017eil program Sekce 127, aby \u0161el po v\u016fdc\u00edch Boko Haram, teroristick\u00e9 skupiny, o kter\u00e9 zpr\u00e1va \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee \u201enikdy nebyla ve\u0159ejn\u011b identifikov\u00e1na jako s\u00edla p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e1 k al-K\u00e1id\u011b, a tud\u00ed\u017e se stala legitimn\u00edm c\u00edlem podle AUMF z roku 2001\u201c.<\/p>\n

Kongres se o t\u011bchto incidentech dozv\u00edd\u00e1 jen z\u0159\u00eddka, proto\u017ee podle zpr\u00e1vy ministerstvo obrany trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mal\u00e9 nebo \u201eepizodick\u00e9\u201c na to, aby dos\u00e1hly \u00farovn\u011b \u201enep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00e1 by vyvolala pod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zpr\u00e1v podle rezoluce o v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch rozkazech z roku 1973.<\/p>\n

Jednou v\u00fdjimkou v\u0161ak byli \u010dty\u0159i ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci nasazen\u00ed v Nigeru v \u0159\u00edjnu 2017 v r\u00e1mci programu \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce\u201c (odd\u00edl 333), kter\u00fd oprav\u0148uje Pentagon \u201ecvi\u010dit a vybavovat\u201c zahrani\u010dn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly kdekoli na sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0Jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost na m\u00edst\u011b v\u0161ak byla povolena na z\u00e1klad\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho rozkazu (EXORD), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148oval americk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m \u00fa\u010dastnit se bojov\u00fdch operac\u00ed za ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, co\u017e je paraleln\u00ed org\u00e1n, o kter\u00e9m Kongres p\u0159edt\u00edm nebyl informov\u00e1n.\u00a0Incident \u0161okoval z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce, kte\u0159\u00ed nev\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee v Nigeru jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bni ameri\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

„M\u00e1m chlapy v Keni, \u010cadu, Kamerunu, Nigeru [a] Tunisku, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed stejn\u00e9 v\u011bci jako kluci v Som\u00e1lsku, vystavuj\u00ed se stejn\u00e9mu nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, a nejen na 127 Echos,“ pochlubil se brig\u00e1dn\u00ed gener\u00e1l Donald Bolduc (v. .) , kter\u00fd do roku 2017 velel americk\u00fdm speci\u00e1ln\u00edm sil\u00e1m v Africe a v sou\u010dasnosti kandiduje jako republik\u00e1n do americk\u00e9ho Sen\u00e1tu v New Hampshire.\u00a0„M\u011bli jsme ztr\u00e1ty na v\u0161ech typech mis\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u011bl\u00e1me.“<\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 \u010derp\u00e1 z publikovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce investigativn\u00edch novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f, rozhovor\u016f s dob\u0159e informovan\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edky a zam\u011bstnanci Kongresu, ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch dokument\u016f a z\u00e1znam\u016f a autorovy pr\u00e1vn\u00ed anal\u00fdzy, uv\u00e1d\u00ed 13 zem\u00ed s programy podle odd\u00edlu 127e spolu se Som\u00e1lskem a Kamerunem.\u00a0Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, Egypt, Ir\u00e1k, Ke\u0148a, Libanon, Libye, Mali, Mauret\u00e1nie, Niger, Nig\u00e9rie, S\u00fdrie, Tunisko a Jemen.\u00a0Zd\u016fraznila v\u0161ak, \u017ee seznam rozhodn\u011b nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Pades\u00e1t zem\u00ed, od Mexika p\u0159es Peru na z\u00e1pad\u011b po Indon\u00e9sii a Filip\u00edny (kde je zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee se americk\u00e9 s\u00edly zapojily do bojov\u00fdch operac\u00ed) na v\u00fdchod\u011b, a 22 zem\u00ed jen v severn\u00ed a subsaharsk\u00e9 Africe (nemluv\u011b o Ukrajin\u011b) m\u011blo zpr\u00e1va Podle \u00a7 333 programy v polovin\u011b roku 2018.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e protiteroristick\u00e9 programy podle \u00a7 127e jsou programy bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 podle \u00a7 1202 z\u00e1kona o povolen\u00ed k n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obran\u011b z roku 2018, uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.\u00a0Se zn\u011bn\u00edm, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00edd\u00e1 \u00a7 127e, toto ustanoven\u00ed p\u0159esahuje protiteroristick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely \u00a7 1273e t\u00edm, \u017ee povoluje \u201epomoc\u201c partnersk\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 \u201epodporuj\u00ed nebo usnad\u0148uj\u00ed neregul\u00e9rn\u00ed v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed silami speci\u00e1ln\u00edch operac\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eNeregul\u00e9rn\u00ed v\u00e1lka\u201c je definov\u00e1na ministerstvem obrany jako \u201ekonfrontace, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00edch ozbrojen\u00fdch konflikt\u016f\u201c nebo \u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lka\u201c.\u00a0P\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 Pentagonu nazvali odd\u00edl 1202 \u201eextr\u00e9mn\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem p\u0159i usnad\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravideln\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch operac\u00ed… k odstra\u0161en\u00ed a pora\u017een\u00ed… revizionistick\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed a dareb\u00e1ck\u00fdch re\u017eim\u016f\u201c.\u00a0Trvali tak\u00e9 na tom, \u017ee \u201epravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nepravideln\u00e9ho v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, proto\u017ee ministerstvo obrany za\u010dne up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat velmocenskou konkurenci\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eObecn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, \u00fa\u010delem [Sekce] 1202 je p\u0159ijmout p\u0159\u00edstup [Sekce] 127e ministerstva k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a kontrole partnersk\u00fdch sil a jejich nasazen\u00ed proti zem\u00edm, jako je \u010c\u00edna, Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Severn\u00ed Korea,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed zpr\u00e1va.\u00a0\u201eStru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, sekce 1202 m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l jako sekce 127e pro nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 akce nepovolen\u00e9 Kongresem, ale s mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi d\u016fsledky, proto\u017ee nep\u0159\u00edtel by mohl b\u00fdt mocn\u00fd, jadern\u011b vyzbrojen\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Vzhledem ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm rizik\u016fm je pouh\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed nebo reforma \u201ezastaral\u00fdch a nafouknut\u00fdch AUMF \u2026 [nedostate\u010dn\u00e9],\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va.\u00a0\u201eKongres by m\u011bl zru\u0161it nebo reformovat pravomoci ministerstva obrany v oblasti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce.\u00a0Pokud tak neu\u010din\u00ed, n\u00e1rod bude i nad\u00e1le ve v\u00e1lce \u2013 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech bez souhlasu nebo dokonce v\u011bdom\u00ed obyvatel.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Nov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va zjistila, \u017ee ministerstvo obrany pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 programy \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce\u201c pro \u201etajn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c a doporu\u010duje,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[80,380,37,321],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18352"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18352"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18352\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}