{"id":18192,"date":"2022-11-14T14:13:43","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T13:13:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=18192"},"modified":"2022-11-14T14:13:43","modified_gmt":"2022-11-14T13:13:43","slug":"kolektivni-zapad-by-mohl-prohrat-valku-s-eurasii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/11\/14\/kolektivni-zapad-by-mohl-prohrat-valku-s-eurasii\/","title":{"rendered":"Kolektivn\u00ed Z\u00e1pad by mohl prohr\u00e1t v\u00e1lku s Eurasi\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\n
\n

Nem\u016f\u017eete v\u017edy dostat to, co chcete.<\/em><\/strong>
\nS laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm Rolling Stones<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

To v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b shrnuje vztah mezi euroz\u00f3nou, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asi\u00ed a USA: Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno: americk\u00e1 hegemonie.\u00a0Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee \u2013 ze v\u0161ech lid\u00ed \u2013 Leon Trockij napsal v (V\u00e1lka \u2013 v internacion\u00e1le 1933): \u201eP\u0159ed 2. sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty evropsk\u00fdm dlu\u017en\u00edkem, ale nyn\u00ed Evropa ustoupila do pozad\u00ed.\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou hlavn\u00ed sv\u011btovou tov\u00e1rnou, \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u011bm a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nad\u0159azenost USA ve 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

To bylo samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9 a pravdiv\u00e9, ale americk\u00e1 hegemonie nad Evropou existovala dlouho p\u0159ed druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lkou a pozd\u011bji byla pos\u00edlena zahrnut\u00edm b\u00fdval\u00fdch v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 sf\u00e9ry vlivu.\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropa byla dlouho sv\u00e9voln\u011b pod\u0159\u00edzena Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm.\u00a0Kr\u00e1tce nato (1946) dali Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 Brit\u016fm jasn\u011b najevo, \u017ee se mus\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 realit\u011b a vz\u00edt si l\u00e9k \u2013 americkou p\u016fj\u010dku \u2013 jak vysv\u011btluje Michael Hudson.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sterlingov\u00fd prostor m\u011bl b\u00fdt slou\u010den do dolarov\u00e9ho prostoru, kter\u00fd se m\u011bl roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it do cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.\u00a0Brit\u00e1nie m\u011bla z\u016fstat ve zraniteln\u00e9 pozici, v jak\u00e9 byla na konci druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, s mal\u00fdmi rezervami devizov\u00fdch rezerv a z\u00e1visl\u00e1 na dolarov\u00fdch p\u016fj\u010dk\u00e1ch, aby splnila sv\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1vazky.\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by z\u00edskaly p\u0159\u00edstup na britsk\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 trhy v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, Africe, na St\u0159edn\u00edm a D\u00e1ln\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b.\u00a0Tato prvn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dka na pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 agend\u011b \u2013 ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 prezidentem Trumanem, kdy\u017e byla p\u0159edlo\u017eena Kongresu \u2013 by nastavila kurz americk\u00fdch a britsk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch vztah\u016f na mnoho p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch let.\u00a0Truman si byl dob\u0159e v\u011bdom m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edho se osudu Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

O n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das pozd\u011bji a se zm\u011bnami geopolitick\u00fdch a ekonomick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek pov\u011b\u0159il prezident Richard Nixon a jeho ekonomi\u010dt\u00ed akolyti sv\u00e9ho \u0161\u00e9fa diplomata Henryho Kissingera p\u0159\u00edpravou politiky, kter\u00e1 udr\u017e\u00ed Evropany v pod\u0159\u00edzenosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 omez\u00ed japonskou expanzi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak p\u0159i\u0161el velk\u00fd hit: v srpnu 1971 bylo zlato ofici\u00e1ln\u011b odv\u00e1z\u00e1no od americk\u00e9ho dolaru.\u00a0Nixonovy m\u011bnov\u00e9 reformy byly tak\u00e9 obecn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159eny na evropsk\u00e9 a japonsk\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy, mezi r\u016fzn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed.\u00a0Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee Japonsko nehr\u00e1lo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dnou politickou roli, ale prost\u011b n\u00e1sledovalo po Americe, jak tomu v\u017edy bylo v ekonomick\u00fdch a dokonce politick\u00fdch z\u00e1le\u017eitostech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto jednostrann\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u016f odstranit sm\u011bnitelnost pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz na zlato sta\u010dilo k tomu, aby uvrhlo Evropany do chaosu a nepokoj\u016f.\u00a0Navzdory v\u0161em deklarac\u00edm loajality v Evrop\u011b vedouc\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 zem\u011b hore\u010dn\u011b hledali v\u00fdsledek, kter\u00fd by vyhovoval jejich vlastn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm.\u00a0Evropan\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si navzdory sv\u00e9 slabosti st\u00e1le l\u00edzali r\u00e1ny, p\u0159edstavovali nov\u00e9ho a impozantn\u00edho \u2013 i kdy\u017e se zmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho \u2013 konkurenta vlastn\u00edmu Bo\u017e\u00edmu lidu, americk\u00fd kapitalismus-imperialismus, kter\u00fd mnoh\u00e9 vypov\u00edd\u00e1 o tom, jak dalece byl tento nahnut\u00fd vlak doporu\u010dov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nixon pov\u011b\u0159il sv\u00e9ho man\u017eela (a vymaha\u010de) Henryho Kissingera \u00fakolem ovl\u00e1dnout nov\u011b probuzen\u00e9 touhy sv\u00fdch \u201epartner\u016f\u201c a nasm\u011brovat je na jejich vlastn\u00ed dvorek.\u00a0Kissinger m\u011bl pov\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm elit\u00e1m p\u0159e\u010d\u00edst nepokoje a informovat je, \u017ee USA hraj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed roli, zat\u00edmco Evropan\u00e9 pouze vedlej\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Kissinger o sv\u00fdch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch nelitoval.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA maj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jmy a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost,\u201c vysv\u011btlil strat\u00e9g prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u201ena\u0161i spojenci maj\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jmy.\u00a0Pot\u00e9, co postavil Evropany na jejich m\u00edsto, Kissinger uznal, \u017ee z\u00e1jmy USA se rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed \u201es novou v\u00e1hou a silou na\u0161ich spojenc\u016f…\u201c.\u00a0T\u011bmto spojenc\u016fm ale d\u016frazn\u011b radil: \u201eMus\u00ed b\u00fdt ukon\u010deno postupn\u00e9 hromad\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bkdy malichern\u00fdch, n\u011bkdy velk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch spor\u016f… Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno nov\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy v obchodn\u00edch a m\u011bnov\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch.\u201c pod\u0159\u00eddit z\u00e1jmy t\u011bmto politick\u00fdm \u00favah\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b byly organizovan\u00e9 a \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.\u00a0Pod tlakem t\u011bchto slab\u011b zast\u0159en\u00fdch americk\u00fdch hrozeb by Evropan\u00e9 m\u011bli nejen zakopat v\u00e1le\u010dnou sekeru nad mo\u017enou obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lkou, ale tak\u00e9 a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sd\u00edlet eskaluj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1klady glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hegemonie\u201c.\u00a0(2) V dobov\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di Kissinger Evropan\u016fm \u201ekazil pol\u00e9vku\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Evropan\u00e9, a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce Japonci a Jihokorejci, byli od t\u00e9 doby d\u016fkladn\u011b amerikanizov\u00e1ni a vycvi\u010deni.\u00a0Nej\u017ealostn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je geografick\u00e1 poloha Japonska, kter\u00e1 z n\u011bj \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ud\u011blala dlouhodob\u00e9ho v\u011bzn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0P\u016fsobiv\u00fd \u00fasp\u011bch japonsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho rozvoje a exportu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s konkurenc\u00ed s Evropou a Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nezaru\u010doval, \u017ee zem\u011b zaujme hegemonn\u00ed postaven\u00ed.\u00a0Investice do obchodn\u00edho p\u0159ebytku Japonska s USA v\u017edy p\u016fsobily na \u010dten\u00e1\u0159e jako zna\u010dn\u011b nadhodnocen\u00e9 a v dosti slab\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 pozici.\u00a0Japonsko, ekonomick\u00fd gigant, politick\u00fd bastard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jist\u011b, v\u00fdchodoasij\u0161t\u00ed producenti a v men\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e i EU z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v pozici, kde USA politicky i strategicky dominuj\u00ed.\u00a0A to v\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd. Opravdu:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e1 ekonomika \u017eije jako parazit na sv\u00fdch \u201epartnerech\u201c v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a nem\u00e1 prakticky \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00faspory.\u00a0Sv\u011bt vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Severn\u00ed Amerika spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1.\u00a0V\u00fdhoda Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je v\u00fdhoda pred\u00e1tora, jeho\u017e deficit je pokryt t\u00edm, \u010d\u00edm jsou ostatn\u00ed ochotni nebo nuceni p\u0159isp\u011bt.\u00a0Washington pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 r\u016fzn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky k vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch deficit\u016f: opakovan\u00e9 poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed princip\u016f liberalismu, v\u00fdvoz zbran\u00ed a honbu za superzisky v ropn\u00e9m sektoru (co\u017e zahrnuje pravideln\u00e9 odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed producent\u016f: jeden ze skute\u010dn\u00fdch motiv\u016f skute\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii a v Ir\u00e1ku).\u00a0Faktem v\u0161ak je, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina americk\u00e9ho deficitu je poh\u00e1n\u011bna p\u0159\u00edlivem kapit\u00e1lu z Evropy a Japonska, (a dokonce) \u010c\u00edny a glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu,\u00a0v\u010detn\u011b bohat\u00fdch zem\u00ed produkuj\u00edc\u00edch ropu a t\u0159\u00edd komprador\u016f ze v\u0161ech region\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch nejchud\u0161\u00edch, ve t\u0159et\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 k tomu je t\u0159eba p\u0159ipo\u010d\u00edtat da\u0148 z dluhov\u00e9 slu\u017eby uvalenou na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny zem\u011b na periferii glob\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.\u00a0Americk\u00e1 supervelmoc z\u00e1vis\u00ed na ka\u017edodenn\u00edm toku kapit\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd udr\u017euje jej\u00ed ekonomiku a spole\u010dnost parazitickou.\u00a0Zranitelnost USA tedy p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro americk\u00fd projekt.(3)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u011blo by b\u00fdt jasn\u00e9, \u017ee vlastnictv\u00edm americk\u00e9ho dolaru jsou Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 schopni financovat sv\u016fj dovoz jednodu\u0161e vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm americk\u00fdch pap\u00edrov\u00fdch dolar\u016f nebo americk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f \u2013 nikoli zlata.\u00a0Tuto pr\u00e1ci d\u011bl\u00e1 mu\u017e u zlat\u00e9ho ok\u00e9nka Fedu, kter\u00fd v\u00e1m jednodu\u0161e d\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u201epap\u00edrovou hodnotu\u201c \u2013 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny a dolarov\u00e9 bankovky \u2013 kdy\u017e obchodujete s p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdmi dolary nebo zlatem.\u00a0\u0160ikovn\u00fd trik a velmi \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd.\u00a0Toto \u201ep\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 privilegium\u201c, jak to vyj\u00e1d\u0159il francouzsk\u00fd politik Valery Giscard D’Estaing, bylo dohodou bez renty mezi USA a jejich \u201espojenci\u201c (sic).<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto \u201edlouh\u00e9 stolet\u00ed\u201c bylo obdob\u00edm dlouhodob\u00e9 geopolitick\u00e9 dominance atlantick\u00e9ho bloku v \u010dele se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a jejich glob\u00e1ln\u00edmi institucemi \u2013 Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm m\u011bnov\u00fdm fondem (MMF) a Sv\u011btovou bankou (SB) \u2013 co\u017e byla hotov\u00e1 v\u011bc.\u00a0Tyto dv\u011b instituce byly p\u016fvodn\u011b zalo\u017eeny na konferenci v Bretton Woods v roce 1944, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm USA, ale ve vleku Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.\u00a0Tyto dva pil\u00ed\u0159e sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomiky m\u011bly slou\u017eit jako n\u00e1stroje k otev\u0159en\u00ed obchodn\u00edch a finan\u010dn\u00edch trh\u016f americk\u00fdm export\u00e9r\u016fm a umo\u017enit americk\u00fdm investor\u016fm p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu nad p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi zdroji a pr\u016fmyslem.\u00a0T\u00edm byla stanovena pravidla pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 p\u0159istoupen\u00ed Evropy a dal\u0161\u00edch region\u016f k t\u011bmto dv\u011bma instituc\u00edm,\u00a0tak\u017ee neexistovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 alternativy pro organizaci sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu a investic.\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e1 banka odm\u00edtla mj.\u00a0Pozemkov\u00e9 reformy se zaslou\u017eily p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 byla z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti spojena s exportem, a nikoli o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k sob\u011bsta\u010dnosti.\u00a0C\u00edlem bylo zajistit zahrani\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na americk\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m exportu a dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm zbo\u017e\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Role MMF byla v podstat\u011b finan\u010dn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd d\u00edky sv\u00e9 organiza\u010dn\u00ed struktu\u0159e a zabudovan\u00e9mu hlasovac\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd v\u017edy zaru\u010doval v\u011bt\u0161inu, m\u011bl sv\u00e9 spojence v sev\u0159en\u00ed hlasovac\u00ed moci a byl tak\u00e9 schopen zadr\u017eet \u00fav\u011bry vzpurn\u00fdm zem\u00edm.\u00a0Dolarov\u00e9 p\u016fj\u010dky se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako p\u00e1ka k p\u016fj\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed ciz\u00edch zem\u00ed a p\u0159inut\u00ed je k deregulaci a da\u0148ov\u00e9 politice \u201evoln\u00e9ho trhu\u201c, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm krokem v t\u00e9to strategii zaostalosti je pou\u017eit\u00ed tlaku MMF k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 infrastruktury na privatizovan\u00e9 monopoly t\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159inut\u00ed jejich prodej, aby se z\u00edskaly pen\u00edze na splacen\u00ed deficit\u016f obchodu a platebn\u00ed bilance.\u00a0(4) To zhruba odpov\u00eddalo klasick\u00e9 f\u00e1zi imperialismu (1800-1950), zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rozd\u011blen\u00ed mezi industrializovan\u00e1 j\u00e1dra a neindustrializovan\u00e9 periferie a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 tendenci redukovat ty druh\u00e9 na koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo semikoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed status, a (5) ) pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed (1950-1980) zahrnovalo v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00fdch hnut\u00ed – \u010c\u00edny, Vietnamu – v jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b – kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le trv\u00e1 – a umo\u017enilo periferi\u00edm\u00a0prosadit revizi star\u00fdch asymetrick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek glob\u00e1ln\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a vstoupit do pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho v\u011bku.\u00a0Toto obdob\u00ed vyjednan\u00e9 globalizace bylo mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 a je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee sv\u011bt tehdy za\u017eil historicky nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed r\u016fst a nejv\u00edce nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdroby a distribuce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale ti\u0161e za\u0161eptal: Rozvinul se pomal\u00fd geopolitick\u00fd po\u017e\u00e1r, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed tak snadn\u00e9 uhasit a kter\u00fd je st\u00e1le siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0Tento rod\u00edc\u00ed se blok nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch euroasijsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, veden\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou a organizovan\u00fd do BRICS (Braz\u00edlie-Rusko-\u010c\u00edna-Indie-Ji\u017en\u00ed Afrika) a Shanghai Corporation Organization (SCO), p\u0159edstavuje alternativu k do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00edm glob\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00farovn\u00edm nerovnosti a vystupuje jako maj\u00e1k z parazitismu a ortodox\u00ed extrak\u010dn\u00edho laissez-faire kapitalismu\/imperialismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obecn\u011bji poskytuje Michael Hudson p\u0159ehled v\u00fdb\u011bru mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma alternativami.\u00a0Jak n\u00e1sleduje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed kapitalismus deindustrializuje americkou ekonomiku a ekonomiku jej\u00edch spojeneck\u00fdch satelit\u016f NATO.\u00a0The Destiny of Civilization vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed diplomacie nen\u00ed ani sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed o trhy (proto\u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed ekonomiky jsou ji\u017e deindustrializov\u00e1ny jako vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt financializace a v\u00e1lky kapit\u00e1lu proti n\u00e1mezdn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci), ani konfliktem mezi demokratickou svobodou a autorit\u00e1\u0159stv\u00edm, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e, konflikt ekonomick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fd stav\u00ed proti sob\u011b renti\u00e9rskou ekonomiku dluhov\u00e9 deflace a \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed a socialistick\u00fd st\u00e1tem dotovan\u00fd r\u016fst, kter\u00fd chr\u00e1n\u00ed 99 % t\u00edm, \u017ee dr\u017e\u00ed 1 % pod kontrolou.\u00a0(6)<\/span><\/p>\n

SLEP\u00c9 ST\u0158EVO<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

R\u00e1d bych se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edval na d\u00edlo Freidricha Engelse v jeho popisu \u201eStav d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy v Anglii v roce 1844\u201c.\u00a0V n\u011bm popisuje svou cestu, zejm\u00e9na v Manchesteru na severu Anglie, stejn\u011b jako v jin\u00fdch m\u011bstech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roj\u00ed se tu otrhan\u00e9 \u017eeny a d\u011bti \u0161pinav\u00e9 jako prasata, \u0159\u00e1d\u00ed na smeti\u0161t\u00edch a v lou\u017e\u00edch.\u00a0Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, cel\u00e9 hn\u00edzdi\u0161t\u011b (obydl\u00ed ve slumu) p\u0159edstavuje pod\u00edvanou tak ohavnou a odpudivou, jakou na Irkov\u011b nejhor\u0161\u00edm dvo\u0159e jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed najdete.\u00a0Podlidsk\u00e1 rasa, kter\u00e1 \u017eije v t\u011bchto zni\u010den\u00fdch chatr\u010d\u00edch, za rozbit\u00fdmi okny polepen\u00fdmi mastnou k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, odpru\u017een\u00fdmi dve\u0159mi a shnil\u00fdmi z\u00e1rubn\u011bmi nebo v temn\u00fdch, vlhk\u00fdch sklepech, v nezm\u011brn\u00e9 \u0161p\u00edn\u011b a smradu, v t\u00e9to atmosf\u00e9\u0159e nacpan\u00e9 jakoby s ur\u010dit\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem, tato rasa musel dos\u00e1hnout t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b lidskosti… Ale co si m\u00e1 \u010dlov\u011bk myslet, kdy\u017e v ka\u017ed\u00e9 z t\u011bchto st\u00e1j\u00ed, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 2 m\u00edstnosti, p\u016fdu a mo\u017en\u00e1 i sklep, kde \u017eije v pr\u016fm\u011bru dvacet lid\u00ed,\u00a0sly\u0161\u00ed;\u00a0\u017ee v cel\u00e9m are\u00e1lu je v\u011bt\u0161inou nep\u0159\u00edstupn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstavek pro 120 osob;\u00a0a to navzdory v\u0161em k\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00edm l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f a tak\u00e9 navzdory b\u00eddn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m, do kter\u00fdch epidemie cholery, kter\u00e1 uvrhla zdravotn\u00ed policii, …<\/span><\/p>\n

Engels pokra\u010duje d\u00e1l a d\u00e1l, a\u017e je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 a bolestiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edst d\u00e1l.\u00a0Ale to je stav t\u011bch uboh\u00fdch ubo\u017e\u00e1k\u016f v dne\u0161n\u00edm t\u0159et\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch Banglad\u00e9\u0161e nebo Kamerunu nebo Bol\u00edvie nebo Lib\u00e9rie nebo Senegalu!\u00a0Nebo kdekoliv.\u00a0Sv\u011bt m\u00e1 p\u0159ed sebou je\u0161t\u011b dlouhou cestu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prameny:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

(1) Super-imperialismus – Michael Hudson – citov\u00e1no v Gardner\u00a0<\/span>Tamt\u00e9\u017e.\u00a0<\/span><\/em>str. 208<\/span><\/p>\n

(2) Text Kissingerova projevu o vztaz\u00edch USA v Evrop\u011b byl publikov\u00e1n v\u00a0<\/span>New York Times<\/span><\/em>\u00a0– 24.04.1973<\/span><\/p>\n

(3) Beyond US Hegemony – 2006 – Samir Amin – str.12<\/span><\/p>\n

(4) Osud civilizace 2022 – Michael Hudson – str.53<\/span><\/p>\n

(5) Tamt\u00e9\u017e.\u00a0\u2013 Samir Amin 2006 \u2013 str.12<\/span><\/p>\n

(6) Osud civilizace – Michael Hudson – str. 283.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nem\u016f\u017eete v\u017edy dostat to, co chcete. S laskav\u00fdm svolen\u00edm Rolling Stones To v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b shrnuje vztah…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":18193,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[760,59,37,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18192"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18192"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18192\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}