{"id":17997,"date":"2022-11-10T01:00:14","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T00:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=17997"},"modified":"2022-11-09T15:45:15","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T14:45:15","slug":"vakciny-mrna-na-covid-19-mohou-byt-integrovany-do-lidskeho-genomu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/11\/10\/vakciny-mrna-na-covid-19-mohou-byt-integrovany-do-lidskeho-genomu\/","title":{"rendered":"Vakc\u00edny mRNA na COVID-19 mohou b\u00fdt integrov\u00e1ny do lidsk\u00e9ho genomu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nov\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdzkum<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vrhl sv\u011btlo na mechanismy mo\u017en\u00e9 integrace mRNA vakc\u00edn do gen\u016f.\u00a0Tento v\u00fdzkum p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debat\u011b o tom, zda mRNA vakc\u00edny mohou zm\u011bnit lidskou DNA.\u00a0Ve snaze zastavit nekontrolovateln\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed SARS-CoV-2 byly mRNA vakc\u00edny \u0161iroce pod\u00e1v\u00e1ny sv\u011btov\u00e9 populaci.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco technologie mRNA umo\u017enila rychl\u00fd v\u00fdvoj a nasazen\u00ed velmi pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch vakc\u00edn, jejich dlouhodob\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost je nyn\u00ed v pop\u0159ed\u00ed z\u00e1jmu.<\/span><\/p>\n

COVID-19 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b neb\u00fdvalou rychlost\u00ed.\u00a0Vl\u00e1dy a zdravotnick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady nebyly dostate\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ipraveny na boj s vysoce naka\u017eliv\u00fdm, infek\u010dn\u00edm a p\u0159enosn\u00fdm virov\u00fdm agens.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco SARS-CoV-2 se chov\u00e1 podobn\u011b jako zn\u00e1m\u00e9 viry ch\u0159ipky, st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed vakc\u00edny proti n\u011bmu nedok\u00e1zaly vyvolat imunitu, proto\u017ee virov\u00e9 struktury a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed interakce jsou tak odli\u0161n\u00e9.\u00a0V\u00fdvoj nov\u00e9 vakc\u00edny se stal nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou a vy\u017eadoval kr\u00e1tk\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd r\u00e1mec, aby se zachr\u00e1nilo co nejv\u00edce \u017eivot\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pfizer\/BioNTech BNT162b2 a Moderna (Spikevax) mRNA-1273 jsou dv\u011b schv\u00e1len\u00e9 a \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 mRNA vakc\u00edny proti SARS-CoV-2.\u00a0Tyto vakc\u00edny pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed kopii mRNA spike proteinu k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce proteinu ke spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakce.\u00a0mRNA vakc\u00edny mohou b\u00fdt vyvinuty rychleji ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed vakc\u00edny a nasazeny ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, tak\u017ee jsou vhodn\u00e9 pro pandemie.\u00a0Druhou uvedenou v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee mRNA vakc\u00edny, na rozd\u00edl od vakc\u00edn na b\u00e1zi DNA (nap\u0159. plazmidov\u00e9 DNA nebo virov\u00fdch vektor\u016f), nemohou b\u00fdt integrov\u00e1ny do genomu.<\/span><\/p>\n

mRNA vakc\u00edny nebyly v minulosti \u0161iroce distribuov\u00e1ny \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.\u00a0Sp\u00ed\u0161e jde o relativn\u011b novou technologii vakc\u00edn.\u00a0Pokra\u010duje v\u00fdzkum dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinnosti a vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f mRNA vakc\u00edn COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 studie zpochyb\u0148uje n\u00e1zor, \u017ee integrace genomu je pro mRNA vakc\u00edny nemo\u017en\u00e1.\u00a0V t\u00e9to studii auto\u0159i zjistili, \u017ee mRNA vakc\u00edny m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna na DNA prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm procesu zvan\u00e9ho reverzn\u00ed transkripce, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdm enzym\u016fm rozpoznat specifick\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna mRNA a p\u0159ev\u00e9st je na DNA m\u00edsto toho, aby je vyu\u017e\u00edvaly k v\u00fdrob\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edch protein\u016f.\u00a0To je jen jeden krok od mo\u017en\u00e9 integrace genomu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Retropozice mRNA vakc\u00edny: mo\u017en\u00e1 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina a n\u00e1sledek<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Podle p\u0159edti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho\u00a0v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku z roku 2021 byla mo\u017enost\u00a0<\/a><\/span>retropozice<\/span><\/a>\u00a0vakc\u00edn mRNA do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena, a\u010dkoli znalost retropozice mRNA je ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunit\u011b \u0161iroce p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

Retropozice nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e je mRNA reverzn\u011b transkribov\u00e1na a vlo\u017eena do genomu.\u00a0Tento proces se p\u0159irozen\u011b a velmi \u010dasto vyskytuje u ur\u010dit\u00fdch savc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak je pops\u00e1no v \u010dl\u00e1nku, velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st retropozice savc\u016f je zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1na L1.\u00a0L1 je komplexn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd mechanismus, kter\u00fd p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed sekvence mRNA na DNA a tak\u00e9 zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1v\u00e1 integraci p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 DNA do bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch gen\u016f.\u00a0Retropozice zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 L1 rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1 motiv na sekvenc\u00edch c\u00edlov\u00e9 mRNA naz\u00fdvan\u00fd „poly-A ocas“ – dlouh\u00fd \u00fasek p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed RNA stavebn\u00ed blok adenosin.<\/span><\/p>\n

mRNA vakc\u00edny tak\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed „poly-A konce“.\u00a0Ty pom\u00e1haj\u00ed napodobovat nativn\u00ed lidskou mRNA, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnou translaci na proteiny a zlep\u0161uj\u00ed stabilitu.\u00a0V d\u016fsledku toho by L1 mohla b\u00fdt schopna rozpoznat poly-A konec mRNA vakc\u00edny a vlo\u017eit jej do genomu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159edtiskov\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o mo\u017en\u00fdch mechanismech a d\u016fsledc\u00edch integrace vakcina\u010dn\u00ed mRNA do lidsk\u00e9ho genomu.\u00a0\u010cl\u00e1nek nejen podporuje roli L1 p\u0159i zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00ed retropozice, ale tak\u00e9 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017en\u00fdmi vazbami mezi mRNA vakc\u00ednami a onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi, v\u010detn\u011b kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a gametocyty by byly podle autor\u016f prvn\u00edmi, u nich\u017e je norm\u00e1ln\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 funkce naru\u0161ena ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edmi inzercemi RNA.\u00a0Poukazuj\u00ed na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 genetick\u00e9 modifikace, kter\u00e9 \u0161ly do p\u0159\u00edpravk\u016f vakc\u00edny mRNA, jako na hlavn\u00ed zdroj nejistoty, pokud jde o dlouhodob\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed.\u00a0Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vzbuzuj\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed obavy, proto\u017ee spike protein v t\u011bchto bu\u0148k\u00e1ch m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat tvorbu rakoviny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee mezi zdravotnick\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b panuje shoda, \u017ee mRNA vakc\u00edny nemohou zm\u011bnit lidskou DNA, jako jsou tyto dva p\u0159\u00edklady z americk\u00e9ho Centra pro prevenci a kontrolu nemoc\u00ed (CDC) a australsk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dn\u00edho ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a p\u00e9\u010de o seniory (DoH). .<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento postoj je tak\u00e9 z\u0159ejm\u00fd v \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch recenzovan\u00fdch agenturou Reuters, v\u010detn\u011b tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku o informac\u00edch koluj\u00edc\u00edch na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch o mRNA vakc\u00edn\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed lidskou DNA, a v reakci agentury Reuters na v\u00fdzkum biolog\u016f Massachusettsk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho institutu (WITH).\u00a0T\u00fdm MIT tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee samotn\u00fd virus SARS-CoV-2 m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit lidskou DNA a \u017ee retropozice gen\u016f viru SARS-CoV-2 vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti maj\u00ed nad\u00e1le pozitivn\u00ed virovou RNA pomoc\u00ed PCR dlouho pot\u00e9, co lze infekci prok\u00e1zat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159ehledov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 komplexn\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00edm mRNA vakc\u00edn v t\u011ble a varuje p\u0159ed jejich z\u00e1m\u011bnou s tradi\u010dn\u00edmi vakc\u00ednami.\u00a0Auto\u0159i srovn\u00e1vaj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed mRNA vakc\u00edn s chov\u00e1n\u00edm prol\u00e9\u010diva sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e tradi\u010dn\u00ed vakc\u00edny, proto\u017ee samotn\u00e1 mRNA vakc\u00edna nem\u016f\u017ee vyvolat imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f, dokud t\u011blo nevytvo\u0159\u00ed spike protein z templ\u00e1tu mRNA.\u00a0\u010cl\u00e1nek se p\u0159\u00edmo nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, zda mRNA vakc\u00edny mohou zm\u011bnit genomovou DNA, ale auto\u0159i doporu\u010duj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed studium farmakologie t\u00e9to nov\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed o\u010dkovac\u00ed technologie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 my\u0161lenky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee vakc\u00edny COVID-19 nemohou zm\u011bnit lidskou DNA, lze nal\u00e9zt v mnoha zdroj\u00edch, jak bylo stru\u010dn\u011b uvedeno v\u00fd\u0161e, zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd by toto tvrzen\u00ed podpo\u0159il.\u00a0Studie nazna\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed retropozici mohou vy\u017eadovat dal\u0161\u00ed zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed retropozice mRNA vakc\u00edny a jej\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch dlouhodob\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nov\u00fd\u00a0v\u00fdzkum\u00a0vrhl sv\u011btlo na mechanismy mo\u017en\u00e9 integrace mRNA vakc\u00edn do gen\u016f.\u00a0Tento v\u00fdzkum p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debat\u011b…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[895,694,882],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17997"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17997"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17997\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17997"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17997"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17997"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}