{"id":17410,"date":"2022-10-28T01:09:39","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T23:09:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=17410"},"modified":"2022-10-27T16:51:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T14:51:03","slug":"antiutopie-klause-schwaba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/28\/antiutopie-klause-schwaba\/","title":{"rendered":"Antiutopie Klause Schwaba"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p>My\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017eil p\u0159edseda Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra Klaus Schwab ve sv\u00e9 knize \u010ctvrt\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce (4IR), ji\u017e byly z r\u016fzn\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f siln\u011b kritizov\u00e1ny.\u00a0Pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed se neidentifikuj\u00ed jako zast\u00e1nci globalizace, se v\u0161ak zdaj\u00ed docela p\u0159ita\u017eliv\u00ed.\u00a0Nakonec Schwab tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed inovace zm\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivoty lid\u00ed, pr\u00e1ci a voln\u00fd \u010das k lep\u0161\u00edmu.\u00a0Technologie jako um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a robotika, kvantov\u00fd cloud computing a blockchain jsou ji\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.\u00a0Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me mobiln\u00ed telefony a aplikace, inteligentn\u00ed technologie a internet v\u011bc\u00ed.\u00a0A ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi revolucemi, tvrd\u00ed, se 4IR vyv\u00edj\u00ed exponenci\u00e1ln\u00edm tempem, reorganizuje v\u00fdrobu,<\/p>\n<p>Objektivn\u00ed rozbor d\u016fvod\u016f Klause Schwaba v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee se \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b m\u00fdl\u00ed a jeho pozice je obecn\u011b vedena z\u00e1jmem kontroly spole\u010dnosti a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed kapit\u00e1lu, kter\u00fd z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Jednou z kritik\u016f konceptu 4IR \u200b\u200bje Nanjala Nyabola, kter\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9 knize\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.perlego.com\/book\/1990637\/digital-democracy-analogue-politics-how-the-internet-era-is-transforming-politics-in-kenya-pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Digital Democracy, Analogue Politics<\/a>\u00a0analyzuje narativ, kter\u00fdm Schwab formoval svou ideologii.<\/p>\n<p>Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee 4IR pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed elity k odvr\u00e1cen\u00ed pozornosti od p\u0159\u00ed\u010din nerovnosti ak usnadn\u011bn\u00ed prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch proces\u016f vyvlast\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a vylou\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0Nyabola byst\u0159e poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u201eskute\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159ita\u017elivost t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee je nepolitick\u00e1.\u00a0M\u016f\u017eeme mluvit o rozvoji a pokroku, ani\u017e bychom se uchylovali k boj\u016fm o moc\u201c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\" style=\"text-align: center;\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/orientalreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Schwab.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"608\" height=\"404\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><figcaption>\u201e\u010ctvrt\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce se stala z\u00e1sadn\u00edm faktorem pro konkurenceschopnost,\u201c \u0159ekl Klaus Schwab, zakladatel a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Odpov\u011b\u010f z Afriky, kde Nyabola \u017eije, nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1, proto\u017ee tento region spolu s Asi\u00ed a Latinskou Amerikou pova\u017euj\u00ed globalist\u00e9 za p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd pro nov\u00e9 intervence pod rou\u0161kou technologick\u00e9 podpory a 4IR.\u00a0A kone\u010dn\u011b, v\u0161e nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologie bylo velmi nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 star\u0161\u00edmi technologick\u00fdmi inovacemi, a slou\u017eilo sp\u00ed\u0161e k reprodukci ne\u017e zm\u011bn\u011b soci\u00e1ln\u00edch nerovnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Historik Ian Moll jde d\u00e1le a zpochyb\u0148uje, zda sou\u010dasn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed technologick\u00e9 inovace p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed 4IR jako takov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.triple-c.at\/index.php\/tripleC\/article\/view\/1297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">,<\/a>\u00a0\u017ee existuje hegemonn\u00ed interpretace 4IR, kter\u00e1 zobrazuje rychl\u00fd technologick\u00fd rozvoj jako odv\u00e1\u017enou novou pr\u016fmyslovou revoluci.\u00a0Neexistuje v\u0161ak \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd d\u016fkaz o takov\u00e9 revoluci v souhrnu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch, politick\u00fdch, kulturn\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, jak m\u00edstn\u00edch, tak glob\u00e1ln\u00edch;\u00a0proto je t\u0159eba v\u011bnovat pozornost tomu, jak tato ideologick\u00e1 struktura funguje p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch a ekonomick\u00fdch elit po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Jan Moll tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee r\u00e1mec \u201e\u010dtvrt\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce\u201c podporuje nahodil\u00fd neoliberalismus \u00e9ry po Washingtonsk\u00e9m konsensu, a slou\u017e\u00ed tak k maskov\u00e1n\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edho \u00fapadku globalizovan\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem \u201eodv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9ho nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c.\u00a0Schwab prost\u011b provedl jak\u00fdsi ideologick\u00fd p\u0159evrat s \u0159adou metafor, kter\u00e9 vypr\u00e1v\u011bj\u00ed o imagin\u00e1rn\u00ed revoluci.<\/p>\n<p>Allison Gilwaldov\u00e1\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/south-africa-is-caught-in-the-global-hype-of-the-fourth-industrial-revolution-121189\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">tomu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1<\/a>\u201ejeden z nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f lobbingu a politick\u00e9ho vlivu na\u0161\u00ed doby\u201c&#8230; N\u00e1vrhy politiky WEF pro 4IR, kter\u00e9 jsou mobilizov\u00e1ny kolem ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00edho setk\u00e1n\u00ed elit v Davosu, zapl\u0148uj\u00ed vakuum pro mnoho zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u011b neinvestovaly do sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00ed budoucnost&#8230; S vizemi glob\u00e1ln\u00ed prosperity zabalen\u00fdmi do futuristick\u00e9ho p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a fantastick\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi projekcemi exponenci\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u016fstu a vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst se zd\u00e1, \u017ee nab\u00edzej\u00ed p\u0159ipraven\u00fd pl\u00e1n pro nejistou budoucnost.\u00a0Ale doporu\u010duje se opatrnost.\u00a0I letm\u00fd pohled na p\u0159edchoz\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce ukazuje, \u017ee nebyly spojeny se z\u00e1jmy pracuj\u00edc\u00edho lidu nebo ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch vrstev.\u00a0A to i p\u0159es zaveden\u00ed p\u00e1ry,\u00a0Elekt\u0159ina a digitalizace byly pro spole\u010dnost obecn\u011b prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.\u00a0Sp\u00ed\u0161e jsou spojeny s pokrokem kapitalismu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u201evelk\u00e9\u201c technologie t\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/orientalreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/4th-revolution.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"654\" height=\"431\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><figcaption>Etapy pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce od parn\u00ed energie po kyberneticko-fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9my, automatizaci a internet v\u011bc\u00ed<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>I v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budou nov\u00e9 technologie slou\u017eit z\u00e1jm\u016fm geek kapitalist\u016f, nikoli z\u00e1jm\u016fm spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Moll p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee koncept 4IR se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd, proto\u017ee funguje jako druh vzorce:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vyjmenujte 7 a\u017e 15 technologi\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou digit\u00e1ln\u00edch, d\u00edky nim\u017e p\u016fsob\u00edme chyt\u0159e, c\u00edt\u00edme se zastaral\u00ed a vzbuzuj\u00ed \u00factu k budoucnosti.\u00a0I kdy\u017e to nejsou inovace 21. stolet\u00ed, vysv\u011btlete je jako takov\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Vysv\u011btlete, \u017ee mezi t\u011bmito technologiemi existuje \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1, bezprecedentn\u00ed konvergence.<\/li>\n<li>O\u010dek\u00e1vejte, \u017ee povedou ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 prom\u011bn\u00ed a p\u0159etvo\u0159\u00ed ka\u017edou \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho \u017eivota.<\/li>\n<li>Apelujte na ka\u017edou z p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch revoluc\u00ed jako na vzor pro tu sou\u010dasnou.<\/li>\n<li>Vyjmenujte jednu nebo dv\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 technologie nebo zdroje energie v p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch revoluc\u00edch.\u00a0Osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy jsou parn\u00ed stroj pro 1IR;\u00a0spalovac\u00ed motor a\/nebo elekt\u0159ina pro 2IR;\u00a0Po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a\/nebo jadern\u00e1 energie pro 3IR (internet byste zm\u00ednili v bod\u011b I, tak se mu zde vyhn\u011bte).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nen\u00e1padn\u011b tak podtrhuje spr\u00e1vnost celkov\u00e9 koncepce.\u00a0P\u0159i tom \u201eSchwab \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na\u0161i intern\u00ed technologickou racionalitu.\u00a0Ten ohla\u0161uje neb\u00fdvalou rychlost, velikost a rozsah 4IR.\u00a0Rychlost zm\u011bny je sp\u00ed\u0161e exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e line\u00e1rn\u00ed;\u00a0integrace r\u016fzn\u00fdch technologi\u00ed je \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed a hlub\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159edt\u00edm;\u00a0a syst\u00e9mov\u00fd dopad je nyn\u00ed tot\u00e1ln\u00ed a zahrnuje celou spole\u010dnost a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku.\u00a0Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee \u201enaru\u0161en\u00ed a inovace [&#8230;] se d\u011bj\u00ed rychleji ne\u017e kdy p\u0159edt\u00edm\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 Schwab odm\u00edt\u00e1 velkou \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161\u00ed historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti na toto t\u00e9ma.\u00a0P\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee si je \u201edob\u0159e v\u011bdom toho, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed u\u010denci a praktici vn\u00edmaj\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, na kter\u00e9 se d\u00edv\u00e1m, jednodu\u0161e jako sou\u010d\u00e1st t\u0159et\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Moll v\u0161ak nab\u00edz\u00ed, \u017ee se pod\u00edv\u00e1 na n\u011bkter\u00e9 znaleck\u00e9 posudky, kter\u00e9 ignoroval.\u00a0Zde jsou dva p\u0159\u00edklady.\u00a0Toto jsou p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00e9ho sociologa Manuela Castellse, kter\u00fd poukazuje na to, \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 role propojen\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00edch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed je \u201edvouse\u010dnou zbran\u00ed\u201c: n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b urychluj\u00ed sv\u016fj hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd r\u016fst p\u0159ijet\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edch ekonomik, ale ty, kter\u00e9 sel\u017eou, jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce marginalizov\u00e1ny. ;\u00a0\u201ejejich nevy\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 polo\u017eky se kumuluj\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0Castells obs\u00e1hle p\u00ed\u0161e o tom, co naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u201eodvr\u00e1cen\u00e1 strana informa\u010dn\u00edho v\u011bku\u201c: nerovnost, chudoba a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed rostouc\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed globalizovan\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/p>\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od Schwaba se Castells nepokusil sociologick\u00e1 data ideologizovat nebo politizovat.\u00a0A jeho empirick\u00e9 studie nepoukazuj\u00ed na z\u00e1sadn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prom\u011bnu spole\u010dnosti v modern\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00edm odborn\u00edkem, kter\u00e9ho Schwab ignoruje, je Jeremy Rifkin.\u00a0V roce 2016, kdy Schwab navrhl sv\u016fj koncept 4IR, Rifkin ji\u017e zkoumal pracovi\u0161t\u011b, kde robotika p\u0159evzala strategick\u00e9 a mana\u017eersk\u00e9 role v ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdrob\u011b.\u00a0Mezi ob\u011bma autory je jasn\u00e1 propast.\u00a0Rifkin nev\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dramatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny spojen\u00e9 s ICT tvo\u0159\u00ed 4IR.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 2016 Rifkin tvrdil, \u017ee WEF \u201eselhalo\u201c zas\u00e1hnout pod rou\u0161kou 4IR.\u00a0Zpochybnil Schwabovo tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee slu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed fyzick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, biologick\u00fdch proces\u016f a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed je kvalitativn\u011b nov\u00fd fenom\u00e9n:<\/p>\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"jetpack-lazy-image jetpack-lazy-image--handled aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/orientalreview.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/SriLanka-factory.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"668\" height=\"445\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" data-lazy-loaded=\"1\" \/><figcaption>Pracovn\u00edci ve spole\u010dnosti Sirio Ltd, kter\u00e1 vyr\u00e1b\u00ed spodn\u00ed pr\u00e1dlo pro evropsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, prov\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 kroky v procesu \u0161it\u00ed ve sv\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed hale v Badalgam\u011b na Sr\u00ed Lance.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>Podstata digitalizace [&#8230;] spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jej\u00ed schopnosti redukovat komunika\u010dn\u00ed, vizu\u00e1ln\u00ed, sluchov\u00e9, fyzick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my na pouh\u00e9 informace, kter\u00e9 lze n\u00e1sledn\u011b reorganizovat do rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch interaktivn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v mnoha ohledech funguj\u00ed jako komplexn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my.\u00a0Jin\u00fdmi slovy, je to propojen\u00e1 povaha digitaliza\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje posouvat hranice a \u201erozmazat hranice mezi fyzickou, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed a biologickou sf\u00e9rou\u201c.\u00a0Funk\u010dn\u00edm principem digitalizace je \u201epropojov\u00e1n\u00ed a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0To je to, co digitalizace d\u011bl\u00e1 ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed s rostouc\u00ed sofistikovanost\u00ed.\u00a0To je to, co definuje architekturu t\u0159et\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce.<\/p>\n<p>Zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed \u201etechnologi\u00ed\u201c \u010dasto ohla\u0161ovan\u00fdch jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 konverguj\u00edc\u00ed inovace 4IR \u2013 um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence, strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed, robotika a internet v\u011bc\u00ed \u2013 ukazuje, \u017ee nedosahuj\u00ed aspirac\u00ed modern\u00ed technologick\u00e9 \u201erevoluce\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Moll doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee Schwabovo 4IR nen\u00ed nic jin\u00e9ho ne\u017e m\u00fdtus.\u00a0Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontext sv\u011bta je st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd jako v 3IR a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee se jen m\u00e1lo zm\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Po t\u0159et\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluci u\u017e \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nebudou.\u00a0Odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd nov\u00fd sv\u011bt Schwab prost\u011b neexistuje.<\/p>\n<p>Revoluce se toti\u017e nevyzna\u010duj\u00ed pouze technologick\u00fdmi zm\u011bnami.\u00a0Sp\u00ed\u0161e jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bny zm\u011bnami v pracovn\u00edm procesu, z\u00e1sadn\u00edmi posuny v postoj\u00edch na pracovi\u0161ti, posuny v soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vztaz\u00edch a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed socioekonomickou restrukturalizac\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Technologick\u00e9 inovace mohou b\u00fdt samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159\u00ednosem pro pracovn\u00edky i spole\u010dnost jako celek.\u00a0Mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit pot\u0159ebu tvrd\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, zlep\u0161it pracovn\u00ed podm\u00ednky a uvolnit lidi pro dal\u0161\u00ed smyslupln\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m je v\u0161ak v tom, \u017ee plody technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00ed jsou monopolizov\u00e1ny globalizovanou kapitalistickou t\u0159\u00eddou.\u00a0Stejn\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pracovn\u00ed platformy jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b financov\u00e1ny fondy rizikov\u00e9ho kapit\u00e1lu na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm severu, zat\u00edmco spole\u010dnosti jsou zakl\u00e1d\u00e1ny na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm jihu, ani\u017e by fondy investovaly do aktiv, naj\u00edmaly zam\u011bstnance nebo odv\u00e1d\u011bly dan\u011b do st\u00e1tn\u00ed pokladny.\u00a0Je to jen dal\u0161\u00ed pokus dob\u00fdt trhy pomoc\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie, vyu\u017e\u00edt transparentnost hranic, vyd\u011blat zisk a nen\u00e9st \u017e\u00e1dnou odpov\u011bdnost.<\/p>\n<p>P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh 4IR je tedy sp\u00ed\u0161e zbo\u017en\u00fdm p\u0159\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u017e skute\u010dnost\u00ed.\u00a0Jsou to aspirace bohat\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edj\u00edm\u00e1 krizi v z\u00e1padn\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu a sna\u017e\u00ed se naj\u00edt bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b v jin\u00fdch regionech.\u00a0Vzhledem k historick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti kapitalismu z\u00e1padn\u00edho typu vid\u00ed zbytek sv\u011bta 4IR jako ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed antiutopii.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/orientalreview.org\/2022\/10\/24\/klaus-schwabs-anti-utopia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>My\u0161lenky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edlo\u017eil p\u0159edseda Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra Klaus Schwab ve sv\u00e9 knize \u010ctvrt\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 revoluce&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":14041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3669,279,291,3668,3667,235,613],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17410"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17410"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17410\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17411,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17410\/revisions\/17411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17410"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17410"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17410"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}