{"id":17396,"date":"2022-10-28T01:04:07","date_gmt":"2022-10-27T23:04:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=17396"},"modified":"2022-10-27T16:21:45","modified_gmt":"2022-10-27T14:21:45","slug":"iran-protesty-a-prospechari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/28\/iran-protesty-a-prospechari\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdr\u00e1n: protesty a prosp\u011bch\u00e1\u0159i"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Protesty, kter\u00e9 se v \u00cdr\u00e1nu rozho\u0159ely od konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, maj\u00ed geopolitick\u00fd rozm\u011br, o kter\u00e9m se v \u010detn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch m\u00e9di\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemluv\u00ed.\u00a0V zemi panuje velk\u00e1 nespokojenost \u2013 ale tak\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy z\u00e1padn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f na zm\u011bn\u011b vl\u00e1dy v Teher\u00e1nu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd u\u010denec Sun Tzu je zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sv\u00fdm d\u00edlem Um\u011bn\u00ed v\u00e1lky, pr\u016fvodcem pro gener\u00e1ly, jak spr\u00e1vn\u011b v\u00e9st a vyhr\u00e1vat v\u00e1lky.\u00a0Popisuje v n\u011bm mimo jin\u00e9 strategii v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee velitel nem\u016f\u017ee na sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele za\u00fato\u010dit p\u0159\u00edmo, proto\u017ee je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 siln\u00fd.\u00a0Pak by m\u011bl nejprve odebrat sv\u00e9 spojence, aby z\u016fstal s\u00e1m.\u00a0Od roku 2014, kdy na Ukrajin\u011b do\u0161lo k\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159evratu na Majdanu<\/span><\/a>prob\u011bhla, ale intenzivn\u011bji od roku 2020 nyn\u00ed spojenci Ruska za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vlny protest\u016f a pokus\u016f o p\u0159evrat.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad v B\u011blorusku do\u0161lo v roce 2020 k nepokoj\u016fm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fdm na svr\u017een\u00ed prezidenta Alexandra Luka\u0161enka.\u00a0V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b zaznamenaly Kazachst\u00e1n, Arm\u00e9nie a Kyrgyzst\u00e1n nepokoje a hrani\u010dn\u00ed spory, kter\u00e9 jako by se rozho\u0159ely z ni\u010deho nic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed zas\u00e1hne \u00cdr\u00e1n.\u00a016. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Mahsa Amini, kurdsk\u00e1 \u017eena ve v\u011bku 22 let, zem\u0159ela ve vazb\u011b mravnostn\u00ed policie, kam byla p\u0159evezena, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed hid\u017e\u00e1b spr\u00e1vn\u011b nesed\u011bl a bylo vid\u011bt n\u011bkolik pramen\u016f vlas\u016f.\u00a0Podle aktivist\u016f utrp\u011bla ve vazb\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed hlavy, na kter\u00e9 zem\u0159ela.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u00cdr\u00e1n\u00a0<\/span>vlnu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0protest\u016f .\u00a0Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy se okam\u017eit\u011b postavily na stranu demonstrant\u016f.\u00a0Americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da uvalila\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00e9 sankce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protest je skv\u011bl\u00fd i na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Hashtag kolem kauzy Amini se na Twitteru objevil v historick\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku a byl ji\u017e sd\u00edlen v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 milionkr\u00e1t.\u00a0Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee sv\u011btem proch\u00e1z\u00ed vlna solidarity, masov\u011b se sd\u00edlej\u00ed videa symbolick\u00fdch akc\u00ed, na kter\u00fdch si \u017eeny st\u0159\u00edhaj\u00ed prameny vlas\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>\u00da\u010dastn\u00ed se ho i<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00e9 here\u010dky\u00a0.\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed odpor proti \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b, proti \u00fatlaku \u017een a nespravedliv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt obrovsk\u00fd, zat\u00edmco reakce t\u011bch u moci je n\u00e1siln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geopolitika<\/span><\/h3>\n

Protesty\u00a0<\/span>za\u010daly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po smrti \u017eeny 16. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, tedy bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po zased\u00e1n\u00ed \u0160anghajsk\u00e9 organizace pro spolupr\u00e1ci (SCO) v Samarkandu 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m byl \u00cdr\u00e1n p\u0159ijat za \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho \u010dlena\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a>SCO je mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace se s\u00eddlem v Pekingu, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje \u010c\u00ednu, Rusko, Kazachst\u00e1n, Indii a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n.\u00a0Rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 se od Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii a\u017e po ji\u017en\u00ed a jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asii a p\u0159edstavuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 40 procent sv\u011btov\u00e9 populace.\u00a0Deklarovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem organizace je udr\u017eovat bezpe\u010dnost a stabilitu v regionu a \u00fazce spolupracovat v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed a obchodu.\u00a0Zem\u011b v r\u00e1mci SCO spolupracuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bvojensky.\u00a0SCO tak p\u0159edstavuje alternativu k alianc\u00edm ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdm Z\u00e1padem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 v polovin\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u00cdr\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ozn\u00e1mil sv\u016fj z\u00e1m\u011br podepsat dohodu o voln\u00e9m obchodu s\u00a0<\/span>Euroasijskou ekonomickou uni\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republiky a Rusko.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho m\u00e1 \u00cdr\u00e1n n\u011bkolik dohod s Ruskem, mimo jin\u00e9 o dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch zemn\u00edho plynu, a tak\u00e9 tranzitn\u00ed dohodu o p\u0159iveden\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho plynu do sousedn\u00edho P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vstup do SCO a \u00fazk\u00e9 propojen\u00ed s Euroasijskou ekonomickou uni\u00ed nab\u00edz\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu velk\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.\u00a0Zem\u011b trp\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edmi sankcemi, kter\u00e9 po desetilet\u00ed brzd\u00ed jej\u00ed rozvoj.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1n byl do roku 2022\u00a0<\/span>nejv\u00edce sankcionovanou zem\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 ne\u017e jej v t\u00e9to roli vyst\u0159\u00eddalo Rusko.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1n nap\u0159\u00edklad nesm\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvat mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platebn\u00ed slu\u017eby, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zem\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee dov\u00e1\u017eet z\u00e1kladn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, jako jsou l\u00e9ky.\u00a0V d\u016fsledku toho \u00cdr\u00e1n trp\u00ed nedostatkem l\u00e9k\u016f na 30 r\u016fzn\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b rakoviny a srde\u010dn\u00edch chorob.\u00a0Sankce jsou jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d se isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 republika od sv\u00e9ho zalo\u017een\u00ed v roce 1979 nach\u00e1z\u00ed v ekonomick\u00e9 situaci\u00a0<\/span>stagflace .<\/span><\/a>s n\u00edzkou m\u00edrou r\u016fstu a vysokou inflac\u00ed a nezam\u011bstnanost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci sankc\u00ed byla nav\u00edc opakovan\u011b\u00a0<\/span>zmrazena<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zahrani\u010dn\u00ed aktiva , byla uvalena obchodn\u00ed embarga a byla odm\u00edtnuta jak\u00e1koli podpora t\u011b\u017eby ropy v zemi.\u00a0Ropa je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch zdroj\u016f \u00cdr\u00e1nu.\u00a0<\/span>Je tam ulo\u017eeno<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 miliard tun\u00a0.\u00a0T\u00edm se zem\u011b v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm srovn\u00e1n\u00ed dost\u00e1v\u00e1 na \u010dtvrt\u00e9 m\u00edsto p\u0159ed Rusko.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato ropa je tak\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1 na Z\u00e1pad\u011b.\u00a0Kdy\u017e demokraticky zvolen\u00fd premi\u00e9r Mossadegh v 50. letech zn\u00e1rodnil \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159edt\u00edm v britsk\u00fdch a americk\u00fdch rukou, vedlo to k p\u0159evratu zorganizovan\u00e9mu britsk\u00fdmi a americk\u00fdmi tajn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami, ve kter\u00e9m postavily Shaha Palaviho do \u010dela zem\u011b d\u00e1t.\u00a0Vedl brut\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim a ropn\u00e9 vrty op\u011bt zp\u0159\u00edstupnil Z\u00e1padu.\u00a0A\u017e v roce 1979 byl svr\u017een isl\u00e1mskou revoluc\u00ed vedenou ajatoll\u00e1hem Chomejn\u00edm, kter\u00e1 nastolila sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m vl\u00e1dy a ropn\u00e9 vrty znovu zn\u00e1rodnila.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby je \u00cdr\u00e1n na americk\u00e9m seznamu \u201edareb\u00e1ck\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c, sankcionovan\u00fd Z\u00e1padem a opakovan\u011b vystaven\u00fd tlaku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale nen\u00ed to jen o rop\u011b.\u00a0Proto\u017ee zem\u011b hrani\u010d\u00ed na jihu s Persk\u00fdm z\u00e1livem a na severu s Kaspick\u00fdm mo\u0159em s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm jezerem na zemi \u2013 a je tedy tak\u00e9 vstupn\u00ed branou na Kavkaz.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zem\u011b je tak\u00e9 geostrategicky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00fd program<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n m\u00e1 nav\u00edc u\u017e roky jadern\u00fd program.\u00a0To je zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b trnem v oku \u00fahlavn\u00edmu nep\u0159\u00edteli Izraeli, kter\u00fd obvi\u0148uje \u00cdr\u00e1n z podpory palestinsk\u00fdch skupin pova\u017eovan\u00fdch za teroristy v Izraeli a Hizball\u00e1hu v Libanonu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vede z\u00e1stupnou v\u00e1lku proti Izraeli.\u00a0Izrael s\u00e1m m\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, ale c\u00edt\u00ed se ohro\u017een mo\u017enost\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Proto\u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 Izrael jako st\u00e1t, ale popisuje ho jako \u201esionistick\u00fd re\u017eim\u201c a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed zem\u011b jako \u201eokupovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed\u201c.\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou rovn\u011b\u017e znepokojeny experimenty se \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem a obohacov\u00e1n\u00edm uranu, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 republice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 dohoda uzav\u0159en\u00e1 v roce 2015 po 13 letech jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mimo jin\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dala drastick\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed obohacen\u00e9ho uranu a po\u010dtu odst\u0159edivek, kter\u00e9 jsou k tomuto \u00fa\u010delu k dispozici, a tak\u00e9 p\u0159em\u011bnu t\u011b\u017ekovodn\u00edch reaktor\u016f v Araku, byla jednostrann\u011b ukon\u010dena ze strany USA v roce 2018. Po obnoven\u00ed americk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed proti Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 republice tato isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 republika rovn\u011b\u017e\u00a0<\/span>pozastavila sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Od t\u00e9 doby doutn\u00e1 spor o \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program.\u00a0Pokus Joea Bidena o\u017eivit jadernou dohodu je\u00a0<\/span>torp\u00e9dov\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zast\u00e1nci tvrd\u00e9 linie mezi poslanci .\u00a0Rad\u011bji by vid\u011bli \u00fapln\u00fd konec \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho programu, ne\u017e jen jeho regulaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu s Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, jako\u017e i souvisej\u00edc\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 spojenectv\u00ed posiluj\u00ed pozici \u00cdr\u00e1nu v\u016f\u010di Z\u00e1padu.\u00a0Alternativn\u00ed platebn\u00ed slu\u017eba „Mir“, zaveden\u00e1 pod tlakem sankc\u00ed proti Rusku, umo\u017e\u0148uje \u00cdr\u00e1nu znovu z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup na \u010d\u00e1st mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trhu, co\u017e je aspekt, kter\u00fd je tak\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00fd pro l\u00e9ka\u0159skou p\u00e9\u010di v zemi.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1n je p\u0159itom siln\u00fdm spojencem Ruska v regionu.\u00a0Na oslaben\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu a nahrazen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy proz\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dou maj\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 z\u00e1jem USA, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie a Izrael.\u00a0Tyto ambice vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed znovu a znovu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vliv<\/span><\/h3>\n

17. srpna\u00a0<\/span>vystoupil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0John Bolton, naposledy poradce americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Trumpa pro n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost, na konferenci po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed radou \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho odporu (NCRI) ve spolupr\u00e1ci s americkou vl\u00e1dou u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti 20. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed odhalen\u00ed v Natanzu \u2013 kter\u00e1 odhalila \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program zve\u0159ejnil \u2013 \u017ee kl\u00ed\u010dem ke zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu v \u00cdr\u00e1nu je \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd lid.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 opozice tak\u00e9 v\u00ed, \u017ee zde existuje skute\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro p\u0159evrat.\u00a0Zejm\u00e9na ve velk\u00fdch m\u011bstech existuje\u00a0<\/span>proz\u00e1padn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, liber\u00e1ln\u00ed proud, kter\u00fd vl\u00e1da odm\u00edt\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

NCRI se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z \u0159ady \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch disidentsk\u00fdch skupin, ale hlavn\u011b z MEK (Mojahedin-el-Kalq), v n\u011bm\u010din\u011b \u201ePeople’s Mujahideen\u201c.\u00a0MEK je neostalinistick\u00e9 sdru\u017een\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00edch \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed za\u010dali n\u00e1siln\u011b bojovat proti \u0161\u00e1hovi je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed revoluc\u00ed v roce 1979.\u00a0Po revoluci se boj skupiny obr\u00e1til proti isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 republice.\u00a0Znovu a znovu prov\u00e1d\u011bla bombov\u00e9 \u00fatoky a vra\u017edy.\u00a0Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f je v \u00cdr\u00e1nu pova\u017eov\u00e1na za teroristickou organizaci.\u00a0Tento status m\u011bla MEK do roku 2012 tak\u00e9 v USA, pot\u00e9 byla ale vy\u0161krtnuta ze seznamu teroristick\u00fdch organizac\u00ed.\u00a0Skupina p\u0159ed t\u00edm tajn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>z\u00edskala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0silnou v\u00fdcvikovou podporu od americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy za George W. Bushe.\u00a0Vyu\u017eila toho<\/a>\u00a0i CIA<\/span>skupina na destabilizaci \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle alb\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho historika Olsi Jazexhi\u00a0<\/span>podporuje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0MEK tak\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, Izrael a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie.\u00a0Jej\u00ed s\u00eddlo je ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let v Alb\u00e1nii, kam byli \u010dlenov\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159evezeni z Ir\u00e1ku po \u00fatoc\u00edch na americkou z\u00e1kladnu\u00a0<\/span>Camp Liberty .\u00a0<\/span><\/a>St\u00edha\u010dky tam byly um\u00edst\u011bny, aby se z\u00fa\u010dastnily v\u00e1lky na stran\u011b USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0NCRI pl\u00e1nuje budoucnost \u00cdr\u00e1nu.\u00a0To se d\u011bje ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Organizace m\u00e1 s\u00eddlo v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei a v Alb\u00e1nii.\u00a0Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 konference se naopak konala ve Washingtonu a \u00fa\u010dastnila se j\u00ed \u0159ada vlivn\u00fdch americk\u00fdch politik\u016f.\u00a0Na konferenci vystoupil tak\u00e9 Yonatan Freeman, politolog z Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00e9 univerzity, kter\u00fd prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nesouhlas\u00ed s \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm programem, co\u017e by mohlo vl\u00e1du p\u0159im\u011bt k podpo\u0159e \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 opozice.\u00a0<\/span>Podle zpr\u00e1v m\u00e9di\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0u\u017e izraelsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nechala\u00a0v roce 2012 zavra\u017edit \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 opozi\u010dn\u00ed skupiny \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 v\u011bdce zapojen\u00e9 do jadern\u00e9ho programu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost: nejen \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e1<\/span><\/h3>\n

Podle obrazu protest\u016f v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd v sou\u010dasnosti sd\u011bluj\u00ed m\u00e9dia, nepopul\u00e1rn\u00ed re\u017eim pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed proti vlastn\u00edmu lidu.\u00a0Dojem je diferencovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e mluv\u00edte s m\u00edstn\u00edmi lidmi, jako to\u00a0<\/span>ud\u011blal novin\u00e1\u0159 Max Blumenthal v rozhovoru<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0Mluvil se Setareh Sadeghi, u\u010ditelkou, kter\u00e1 \u017eije v Isfah\u00e1nu a b\u011bhem studi\u00ed se zab\u00fdvala americk\u00fdmi hnut\u00edmi za lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a propagandou.\u00a0Nejprve p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 okolnost, kter\u00e1 je v z\u00e1padn\u00ed perspektiv\u011b \u010dasto opom\u00edjena: \u00cdr\u00e1n je muslimsk\u00e1 zem\u011b.\u00a0To se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nejen vl\u00e1dy, ale i obyvatel.\u00a0Mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed tam \u017eij\u00ed, jsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed muslimov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vyzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed.\u00a0V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tedy neplat\u00ed, \u017ee by se v\u0161echny \u017eeny cht\u011bly hid\u017e\u00e1bu zbavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne v\u0161echny \u017eeny v \u00cdr\u00e1nu jsou proti policist\u016fm.\u00a0Kde jsou pravidla, tam jsou ti, kte\u0159\u00ed je prosazuj\u00ed.\u00a0Existuje mnoho lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed zcela odm\u00edtaj\u00ed hid\u017e\u00e1b \u2013 a s n\u00edm i mor\u00e1ln\u00ed policii.\u00a0Ale jsou tak\u00e9 tac\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v hid\u017e\u00e1b, ale odm\u00edtaj\u00ed mravn\u00ed policii nebo jednodu\u0161e tresty, kter\u00e9 uvaluj\u00ed.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo nen\u00ed v opozici v\u016f\u010di vl\u00e1d\u011b v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b homogenn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Twitter jako n\u00e1stroj propagandy<\/span><\/h3>\n

Hashtag souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s kauzou Amini se podle Sadeghiho stal na Twitteru popul\u00e1rn\u00ed, proto\u017ee ho jednotliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty neust\u00e1le zve\u0159ej\u0148ovaly v nesmysln\u00fdch kontextech.\u00a0Tyto \u00fa\u010dty se proto vrac\u00ed do tov\u00e1rny na trolly v Alb\u00e1nii podporovan\u00e9 CIA, kterou provozuje MEK.\u00a0Jde to tak daleko, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>vym\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed cel\u00e9 lidi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kte\u0159\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed jako \u00edr\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed disidenti \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00ed proti\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky.\u00a0V roce 2019 se stal zn\u00e1m\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad Heshmat Alavi, jeho\u017e chv\u00e1lu na Donalda Trumpa kv\u016fli jeho tvrd\u00e9mu kurzu v\u016f\u010di \u00cdr\u00e1nu sd\u00edlel tehdej\u0161\u00ed americk\u00fd prezident na Twitteru.\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, Heshmat Alavi byl\u00a0<\/span>fiktivn\u00ed postava<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0\u00da\u010det provozoval MEK.\u00a0Alaviho zpr\u00e1vy a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky se tak\u00e9 dostaly do tisku.\u00a0I t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se obraz \u00cdr\u00e1nu utv\u00e1\u0159el v o\u010d\u00edch ve\u0159ejnosti a dnes se znovu utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Twitter je\u00a0<\/span>v \u00cdr\u00e1nu zak\u00e1z\u00e1n od roku 2009.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Nicm\u00e9n\u011b miliony \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slu\u017ebu technick\u00fdmi oklikami, v\u010detn\u011b isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho zast\u00e1nce tvrd\u00e9 linie\u00a0<\/span>ajatoll\u00e1ha Ahmada Chatamiho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.\u00a0Sadeghi vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f si je v\u011bdoma toho, \u017ee Twitter neodr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed realitu.\u00a0Slu\u017eba je st\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na jako n\u00e1stroj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle Sadeghiho se skute\u010dn\u00fd protest v \u00cdr\u00e1nu neodehr\u00e1v\u00e1 ani na Twitteru, ale v akc\u00edch ob\u010dansk\u00e9 neposlu\u0161nosti a dal\u0161\u00edch kampan\u00edch p\u0159\u00edmo na m\u00edst\u011b.\u00a0Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b zkreslovaly pohled na realitu.\u00a0Ani fakt, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia \u010dasto dovolila vyj\u00e1d\u0159it se pouze exilov\u00fdm \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016fm, kter\u00e9 podporuje nap\u0159\u00edklad i americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da a v z\u00e1sad\u011b odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed pohled na osvobozen\u00ed \u017een v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, by nevedl k p\u0159esn\u00e9mu zobrazen\u00ed situaci na zemi.\u00a0Nen\u00ed to ani tak, \u017ee by \u017eeny v \u00cdr\u00e1nu byly zcela nesvobodn\u00e9.\u00a0Naopak, \u010dasto jsou vysoce vzd\u011blan\u00ed, absolventi vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol, jsou l\u00e9ka\u0159i, in\u017een\u00fd\u0159i a hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli ve spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b.\u00a0To, co by \u017een\u00e1m ve skute\u010dnosti pomohlo, by bylo zru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00edch sankc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obraz utla\u010dovan\u00e9ho \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva, zejm\u00e9na \u017een, kter\u00e9 pod \u201ere\u017eimem\u201c trp\u00ed, v\u0161ak \u017eiv\u00ed m\u00e9dia.\u00a0Pod\u00edlej\u00ed se na tom i v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 tov\u00e1rny na trolly MEK a nen\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9, \u017ee na Twitteru odp\u00e1l\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo nap\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bco pozitivn\u00edho o sv\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, s shitstormem.\u00a0Twitter je proto d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obrazu \u00cdr\u00e1nu a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed protestn\u00edho potenci\u00e1lu v ulic\u00edch zem\u011b.\u00a0Ir\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm zna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam.\u00a0<\/span>V pr\u016fb\u011bhu ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch nepokoj\u016f prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee chce \u017ealovat<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Meta, mate\u0159skou spole\u010dnost Facebooku a Instagramu, za \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed fake news a nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projev\u016f\u00a0.\u00a0Vl\u00e1da pova\u017euje soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b za sou\u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1padn\u00ed operace proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpad Amini<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pozad\u00ed smrti Mahsy Amini je sporn\u00e9.\u00a0Mezit\u00edm se objevilo video z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed kamery, kter\u00e9 pr\u00fd ukazuje Amini ve vazb\u011b.\u00a0To ukazuje, jak mlad\u00e1 \u017eena n\u00e1hle zkolabuje bez jak\u00e9hokoli vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho vlivu.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed nahr\u00e1vky ukazuj\u00ed, jak je n\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159evezena do nemocnice.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, kter\u00e1 na\u0159\u00eddila vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed ihned pot\u00e9, co se o p\u0159\u00edpadu dozv\u011bd\u011bla, nyn\u00ed vydala\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>zve\u0159ejn\u011bno o jej\u00ed smrti.\u00a0V souladu s t\u00edm zem\u0159ela v d\u016fsledku operace, kter\u00e1 byla provedena na jej\u00edm mozku v d\u011btstv\u00ed kv\u016fli n\u00e1doru na mozku.\u00a0Kv\u016fli tomu by stejn\u011b musela br\u00e1t hormony.\u00a0Bylo ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee otec d\u00edvky prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vl\u00e1dy nev\u011b\u0159il.\u00a0Ne\u017e byla Amini vzata do vazby, byla v dobr\u00e9m zdravotn\u00edm stavu.\u00a0Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci rodiny si tak\u00e9 st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>nemaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00edm spis\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protesty<\/span><\/h3>\n

Protesty, p\u0159i nich\u017e mnoho \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f, jak t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed nos\u00ed hid\u017e\u00e1b, tak t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed je nenos\u00ed, vy\u0161lo do ulic nejprve pokojn\u011b, byly rychle uneseny skupinou n\u00e1silnick\u00fdch lid\u00ed.\u00a0Uv\u00e1d\u00ed to\u00a0<\/span>\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0politolog Hiba Morad.\u00a0Tito n\u00e1siln\u00ed demonstranti pochodovali p\u0159es Teher\u00e1n a dal\u0161\u00ed velk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, \u00fato\u010dili a zab\u00edjeli bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edly a zp\u016fsobili chaos.\u00a0V n\u011bkter\u00fdch z nich byly objeveny v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed zbrojn\u00ed arzen\u00e1ly.\u00a0<\/span>Do protest\u016f se \u00fadajn\u011b zapojily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0i teroristick\u00e9 organizace jako MEK\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Videa z protest\u016f ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee n\u00e1sil\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed tak\u00e9 od demonstrant\u016f.\u00a0\u0158\u00e1d\u00ed a ni\u010d\u00ed zaparkovan\u00e1 auta nebo budovy bank.\u00a0Doch\u00e1zelo k opakovan\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159est\u0159elk\u00e1m<\/span><\/a>\u00a0s polici\u00ed.\u00a0N\u011bkolik policist\u016f bylo\u00a0<\/span>zabito.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Celkem od za\u010d\u00e1tku protest\u016f\u00a0<\/span>zem\u0159elo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 lid\u00ed .\u00a0Krom\u011b toho byl bezpo\u010det lid\u00ed zran\u011bn nebo vzat do vazby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurdsk\u00e1 dimenze<\/span><\/h3>\n

Povst\u00e1n\u00ed maj\u00ed i dal\u0161\u00ed rozm\u011br.\u00a0Mahsa Amini byl Kurd, tak\u017ee nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee prvn\u00ed protesty poch\u00e1zely hlavn\u011b ze strany Kurd\u016f a \u017ee protesty jsou\u00a0<\/span>zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v regionech, kde je siln\u00e1 kurdsk\u00e1 men\u0161ina .\u00a0Prvn\u00edmi ob\u011b\u0165mi protest\u016f byli Kurdov\u00e9.\u00a0Informovala o tom<\/a>\u00a0BBC<\/span>pou\u017eit\u00ed ostr\u00e9 munice proti kurdsk\u00fdm demonstrant\u016fm a zn\u00e1mky \u201emasakru\u201c v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b provincie Sanandad\u017e v Kurdist\u00e1nu na z\u00e1pad\u011b \u00cdr\u00e1nu.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o kurdsk\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z Ir\u00e1ku, kter\u00e9 \u00fato\u010d\u00ed a zapaluj\u00ed policejn\u00ed stanice a hrani\u010dn\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b a pokou\u0161ej\u00ed se proniknout na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da odvetila n\u00e1lety na Kurdy v Ir\u00e1ku.\u00a0U\u017e se mluv\u00ed o\u00a0<\/span>revoluci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0mezi Kurdy .<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurdov\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 utla\u010dov\u00e1ni v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, a tak i zde existuj\u00ed militantn\u00ed skupiny, kter\u00e9 jednaj\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b.\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da nyn\u00ed obvi\u0148uje kurdsk\u00e1 hnut\u00ed ze separatistick\u00fdch aspirac\u00ed.\u00a0Souhlasil \u00c7a\u011fatay Balc\u0131 z Univerzity\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrany v Anka\u0159e\u00a0<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/a>Podle n\u011bj n\u011bkolik militantn\u00edch kurdsk\u00fdch hnut\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b odno\u017e\u00ed PKK, se zmocnilo p\u016fvodn\u011b pokojn\u00fdch protest\u016f a vyu\u017eilo je k pokus\u016fm o p\u0159evrat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kurdy v\u017edy podporovaly USA.\u00a0Stalo se tak v S\u00fdrii, kde s pomoc\u00ed Z\u00e1padu zatla\u010dili vl\u00e1dn\u00ed vliv v regionech na severu zem\u011b.\u00a0Tot\u00e9\u017e\u00a0<\/span>se d\u011bje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Videoz\u00e1znamy a popisy loupe\u017eiv\u00fdch gang\u016f zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1ry, zab\u00edjen\u00ed policist\u016f a ni\u010den\u00ed sanitek bez jin\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f ne\u017e svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1dy tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed v Kazachst\u00e1nu na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto roku.\u00a0I zde existuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>siln\u00e9 n\u00e1znaky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee protesty, kter\u00e9 byly zpo\u010d\u00e1tku poklidn\u00e9, byly n\u00e1siln\u011b uneseny a podporov\u00e1ny ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nespokojenost v zemi<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f takov\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed zcela odm\u00edt\u00e1.\u00a0Setareh Sadeghi tak\u00e9 vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee v\u00fdzvy ke svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1dy neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed touhu v\u011bt\u0161iny \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch \u017een po reform\u011b.\u00a0Proto se t\u011bmto demonstrac\u00edm vyh\u00fdbali.\u00a0Podobn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e Hiba Morad.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na druhou stranu v \u00cdr\u00e1nu panuje vysok\u00e1 m\u00edra nespokojenosti.\u00a0Ekonomick\u00e1 situace je pro mnoh\u00e9 beznad\u011bjn\u00e1.\u00a0B\u00fdval\u00fd p\u0159edseda \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho parlamentu Ali Larijani jednou\u00a0<\/span>\u0159ekl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee 80 procent probl\u00e9m\u016f zem\u011b pramen\u00ed ze \u0161patn\u00e9ho hospoda\u0159en\u00ed a pouze 20 procent je zp\u016fsobeno sankcemi.\u00a0Vl\u00e1da se mnoh\u00fdm zd\u00e1 zkorumpovan\u00e1 a demokratick\u00e1 participace je st\u011b\u017e\u00ed hezk\u00fd vzhled, proto\u017ee z\u00e1stupci, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zvoleni, se rekrutuj\u00ed ze samotn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.\u00a0Ve volb\u00e1ch v roce 2021\u00a0<\/span>odevzdalo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u016fj hlas m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 50 procent opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f .\u00a0Existuje tedy velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l pro protesty, na kter\u00fdch mohou z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy stav\u011bt ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed o zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu \u2013 jak John Bolton spr\u00e1vn\u011b uznal.<\/span><\/p>\n

O autorovi:<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Felix Feistel<\/strong>, narozen v roce 1992, vystudoval pr\u00e1va se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo.\u00a0Od roku 2017 pracuje jako novin\u00e1\u0159 na voln\u00e9 noze, mimo jin\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>pro Rubicon<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Protesty, kter\u00e9 se v \u00cdr\u00e1nu rozho\u0159ely od konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, maj\u00ed geopolitick\u00fd rozm\u011br, o kter\u00e9m se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":17397,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,38,29,95,37,365],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17396"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17398,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17396\/revisions\/17398"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17397"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17396"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}