{"id":16959,"date":"2022-10-18T08:45:13","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T06:45:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=16959"},"modified":"2022-10-18T08:45:13","modified_gmt":"2022-10-18T06:45:13","slug":"zbynek-fiala-zasobniky-na-zimu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/18\/zbynek-fiala-zasobniky-na-zimu\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: Z\u00e1sobn\u00edky na zimu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

O zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn bude boj, t\u0159eba \u010c\u00edna p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017eet a bude dov\u00e1\u017eet. Ameriku \u010dek\u00e1 tuh\u00e1 zima. Poklud v\u0161ak Evropa chce p\u0159ej\u00edt na zimn\u00ed provoz pouze na plyn ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f, jde o nevyzkou\u0161en\u00fd experiment, kter\u00fd nemus\u00ed dopadnout dob\u0159e, tvrd\u00ed odborn\u00fd autor na americk\u00e9m nez\u00e1visl\u00e9m port\u00e1lu The Saker.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdybychom se \u0159\u00eddili jen zpr\u00e1vami o napl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed plynov\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f na zimu, h\u0159eje n\u00e1s spokojenost, \u017ee ani nemus\u00edme zatopit. A net\u0159eba sledovat jen \u010desk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, jejich\u017e kvalitu zaji\u0161\u0165uje \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed dohled. Da\u0159\u00ed se i u soused\u016f. T\u0159eba N\u011bmecko u\u017e naplnilo z\u00e1sobn\u00edky plynu na 95 procent a zvl\u00e1dlo to o dva t\u00fddny d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e bylo pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no, hl\u00e1s\u00ed Bloomberg.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-10-13\/germany-reaches-95-gas-storage-target-ahead-of-schedule<\/a><\/p>\n

Loni touhle dobou m\u011bli v z\u00e1sobn\u00edky zapln\u011bny jen ze 72 procent. N\u011bmci si toti\u017e stanovili vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed c\u00edle ne\u017e EU a tak maj\u00ed podle Klause M\u00fcllera, \u0161\u00e9fa n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho energetick\u00e9ho regul\u00e1tora Bundesnetzagentur, dostate\u010dnou z\u00e1sobu na dva studen\u00e9 zimn\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edce. Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda se do toho zapo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1v\u00e1 plyn, kter\u00fd maj\u00ed v z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch v \u010cesku.<\/p>\n

Hodn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 leto\u0161n\u00ed relativn\u011b tepl\u00fd podzim, kter\u00fd umo\u017enil sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu plynu o 30 procent ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se stejn\u00fdm obdob\u00edm minul\u00e9ho roku. Pokud by byla m\u00edrn\u00e1 i zima, d\u00e1 se to pr\u00fd p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt. P\u0159esto se ani N\u011bmci neobejdou bez dal\u0161\u00edch dod\u00e1vek plynu. N\u011bmecko mus\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161it jejich dovoz, zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u0161\u00e9fregul\u00e1tor M\u00fcller. Vl\u00e1da zat\u00edm objednala p\u011bt plovouc\u00edch termin\u00e1l\u016f pro p\u0159\u00edjem a zplynov\u00e1n\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho LNG z tanker\u016f a dva z nich by mohly b\u00fdt k dispozici je\u0161t\u011b tuto zimu.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna reaguje na zpr\u00e1vy o napln\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1sobn\u00edc\u00edch rozhodnut\u00edm, \u017ee ukon\u010duje export LNG na pomoc Evrop\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00edm argumentem jsou extr\u00e9mn\u00ed n\u00e1klady dopravy. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady vyzvaly st\u00e1tn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti PetroChina, Sinopec a CNOOC, aby n\u00e1klad p\u0159esm\u011brovaly pro pot\u0159eby dom\u00e1c\u00edho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed na zimu. Objevily se p\u0159edpov\u011bdi, \u017ee dosavadn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 z\u00e1soby nemus\u00ed sta\u010dit pro vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna v dod\u00e1vk\u00e1ch pro Evropu jen p\u0159eprod\u00e1vala plyn, kter\u00fd po\u0159\u00eddila jinde. P\u0159edstavovalo to docela prudk\u00fd obrat v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 politice, proto\u017ee v lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce \u0158\u00ed\u0161e st\u0159edu p\u0159edstihla Japonsko jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dovozce PNG na sv\u011bt\u011b. P\u0159itom leto\u0161n\u00ed rok m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt rokem poklesu dom\u00e1c\u00ed spot\u0159eby zemn\u00edho plynu.<\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2022-10-17\/china-halts-lng-sales-to-foreign-buyers-to-ensure-own-supply<\/a><\/p>\n

Energetika byla pochopiteln\u011b t\u00e9matem i na prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm 20. sjezdu Komunistick\u00e9 strany \u010c\u00edny. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Si \u0164in-pching v \u00favodn\u00edm projevu za\u0159adil mezi hlavn\u00ed \u00fakoly nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho obdob\u00ed posilov\u00e1n\u00ed energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti a pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v p\u0159echodu k zelen\u00e9 energetice. By\u0165 opatrn\u011b, aby n\u011bkde nevznikly v\u00fdpadky z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed energi\u00ed. Ani na\u0161e sp\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed green dealu nedok\u00e1zalo \u010c\u00ed\u0148any rozhodit.<\/p>\n

Na asijsk\u00e9m trhu tedy p\u0159ituhuje, ale v Evrop\u011b tak\u00e9. Zat\u00edmco N\u011bmc\u016fm se z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed plynem na zimu da\u0159\u00ed dokonce v p\u0159edstihu, pro \u010cesko byly dosud ur\u010deny jen dva z p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dan\u00fdch 30 tanker\u016f, pro kter\u00e9 m\u00e1me rezervov\u00e1nu kapacitu v nizozemsk\u00e9m termin\u00e1lu. Cenu se nedozv\u00edte, ale jist\u00e9 je jen to, \u017ee nakupujeme na spotov\u00e9m trhu. Jeho ceny sice ustoupily z rekordn\u00edch hodnot, kde byly v srpnu, ale po\u0159\u00e1d je to n\u00e1\u0159ez, i kdy\u017e jsou jen na 60 procentech letn\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161in.<\/p>\n

Jak agentura Bloomberg poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, probl\u00e9my dom\u00e1c\u00edho z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed v \u010c\u00edn\u011b mohou p\u0159ipravit Evropu nejen o \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky, ale pokud ude\u0159\u00ed hodn\u011b studen\u00e1 zima, mohou p\u0159esm\u011brovat do Asie i dal\u0161\u00ed tankery, kter\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u011b m\u00ed\u0159ily k evropsk\u00fdm b\u0159eh\u016fm. Dosavadn\u00ed p\u0159edpov\u011bdi jsou zat\u00edm pro Evropu p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9, zima by m\u011bla b\u00fdt m\u00edrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, zato v Severn\u00ed Americe, naopak tvrd\u0161\u00ed. Ochota k exportu LNG m\u016f\u017ee ochabnout i tam.<\/p>\n

N\u011bmci se rozhodli p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt tuhle zimu i za pomoci prodlou\u017een\u00ed provozu posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly b\u00fdt letos odstaveny. O dvou se rozhodlo u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, v pond\u011bl\u00ed do\u0161lo i na tu t\u0159et\u00ed a maj\u00ed fungovat a\u017e do p\u016fli dubna p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edho roku. Zat\u00edm. Koali\u010dn\u00ed Zelen\u00ed byli proti, ale kancl\u00e9\u0159 Olaf Scholz nakonec rozhodl silou a m\u00e1 podporu i t\u0159et\u00ed koali\u010dn\u00ed strany FDP. Mimochodem, kdybyste se zeptali \u010desk\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch aktivist\u016f, jak vid\u00ed perspektivu j\u00e1dra u n\u00e1s, mluvili by o pot\u0159eb\u011b prodlou\u017eit \u017eivotnost st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren, ale nestav\u011bt nov\u00e9. Tohle mi \u0159ekl Jan Rovensk\u00fd pro Nedej se!, kdy\u017e toto stanovisko p\u0159ednesl i v n\u011bkdej\u0161\u00ed vl\u00e1dn\u00ed Uheln\u00e9 komisi. J\u00e1dro je lep\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uhl\u00ed po dobu ne\u017e se vybuduje energetika obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f.<\/p>\n

S t\u00edm spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00edm na plyn ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme jin\u00e9 riziko. P\u00ed\u0161e o tom Jorge Vilches pro americk\u00fd port\u00e1l The Saker. Je to port\u00e1l, kter\u00fd se podob\u00e1 na\u0161\u00ed Va\u0161\u00ed nebo Vlkov\u011b Kose, proto\u017ee d\u00e1v\u00e1 prostor nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm autoritativn\u00edm odborn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed naru\u0161uj\u00ed narrativ mainstreamu, ale nikoliv platnost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f. Pokud v\u0161ak m\u00e1 Jorge Vilches pravdu, nic d\u011bsiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho jsem dosud ne\u010detl. Tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed na zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd LNG, kter\u00fd je pak zplynov\u00e1n a natla\u010den do ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f, je nevyzkou\u0161en\u00fd experiment, kdy to nejmen\u0161\u00ed, co n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee potkat, je zamrznut\u00ed trubek, se kter\u00fdm si pak nikdo neporad\u00ed.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/thesaker.is\/germanys-failing-stored-nat-gas-lng-experiment\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Kdybychom toti\u017e plyn ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f \u010derpali moc rychle, bude se chovat jako mraz\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se chlad\u00ed rozp\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm plynu stla\u010den\u00e9ho kompresorem. Vznikne hydr\u00e1t podobn\u00fd ledu, kdy jsou molekuly metanu uv\u011bzn\u011bny v molekul\u00e1ch vody, jak to zn\u00e1me ze dna studen\u00fdch mo\u0159\u00ed. Ale kdy\u017e budeme dost\u00e1vat plyn ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edku jinak ne\u017e aktivn\u00edm \u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, nap\u0159\u00edklad vytla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm vzduchem, p\u0159i ur\u010dit\u00e9m na\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed je lep\u0161\u00ed z\u016fstat v hodn\u011b uctiv\u00e9m odstupu, proto\u017ee v n\u011bm vznikne t\u0159askav\u00e1 sm\u011bs.<\/p>\n

Zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd autor zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee plyn ze z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f se zat\u00edm v\u017edy pouze opatrn\u011b p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1val v mal\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed k plynu v plynovodech, jeho\u017e masa tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bla cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m do pohybu. Varuje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd plyn je trochu jin\u00fd a nelze je snadno m\u00edchat. Jestli se to m\u00e1 provozovat bez podpory plynu tla\u010den\u00e9ho z p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch nalezi\u0161\u0165, m\u00e1me opravdu hodn\u011b co \u0159e\u0161it a ladit.<\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 od z\u00e1sobn\u00edk\u016f jist\u011b nejsou amat\u00e9\u0159i, av\u0161ak p\u016fsobili v praxi, kter\u00e1 najednou miz\u00ed a ocit\u00e1me se v nevyzkou\u0161en\u00e9 situaci. Snad v\u011bd\u00ed, kolik t\u011bch z\u00e1sob se d\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b vy\u010derpat a kolik tam mus\u00ed z\u016fstat, aby to nezmrzlo, nespadlo poklesem tlaku nebo nebouchlo. Snad n\u011bco mezi t\u0159etinou a \u010dtvrtinou. To si tedy rovnou od t\u011bch zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch z\u00e1sob ode\u010dt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

Na konci zimy se pak vr\u00e1t\u00edme do vyzkou\u0161en\u00e9 oblasti, a\u017e vznikne pot\u0159eba z\u00e1sobu obnovit. Z \u010deho? Kde? Od koho? Dod\u00e1vky LNG pro \u010cesko, kter\u00e9 jsou \u00fadajn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bny, maj\u00ed pokr\u00fdt asi t\u0159etinu ro\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159eby. Co z t\u00e9 b\u00eddy budeme muset d\u00e1t stranou, proto\u017ee zima bohu\u017eel p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem?<\/p>\n

Ob\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee n\u00e1s \u010dek\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pochopit, co znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdraz z\u00e1sobn\u00edky na zimu. Ta zima tam bude schovan\u00e1 i na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n

Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/strong><\/em><\/div>\n
\u017durnalista, v minulosti dlouholet\u00fd \u0161\u00e9fredaktor \u010dasopisu Ekonom<\/em><\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn bude boj, t\u0159eba \u010c\u00edna p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017eet a bude dov\u00e1\u017eet. Ameriku \u010dek\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[2656,29,371,1008],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16959"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16959"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16959\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16959"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16959"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16959"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}