{"id":16523,"date":"2022-10-11T03:22:00","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T01:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=16523"},"modified":"2022-10-11T03:22:00","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T01:22:00","slug":"selhani-za-selhanim-americane-se-divi-proc-potrebuji-cia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/11\/selhani-za-selhanim-americane-se-divi-proc-potrebuji-cia\/","title":{"rendered":"Selh\u00e1n\u00ed za selh\u00e1n\u00edm &#8211; Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 se div\u00ed, pro\u010d pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed CIA"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>V roce 1995 americk\u00fd sen\u00e1tor p\u0159edlo\u017eil Kongresu n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona s n\u00e1zvem Abolition of the Central Intelligence Agency Act, a to byl prvn\u00ed n\u00e1znak toho, \u017ee se v CIA po mnoho let n\u011bco neda\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0Podle listu The New Yorker byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 v\u017edy p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee agentura d\u011bl\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci, ale dnes, po 75 letech od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda CIA d\u011bl\u00e1 svou pr\u00e1ci dob\u0159e.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>4.ledna 1995 sen\u00e1tor st\u00e1tu New York Daniel Patrick Moynihan p\u0159edlo\u017eil Kongresu n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona nazvan\u00fd Abolition of the Central Intelligence Agency Act. O rok d\u0159\u00edve byl Aldrich Ames, kari\u00e9rn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00fd d\u016fstojn\u00edk, kter\u00fd \u0159adu let slou\u017eil v CIA, odsouzen za dlouholet\u00e9ho \u201ekrtka\u201c sov\u011btsk\u00e9 a pozd\u011bji rusk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky. Moynihan \u0159ekl, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edpad byl tak do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00edm projevem nekompetence, \u017ee ve skute\u010dnosti mohl odv\u00e9st pozornost od <em>\u201ez\u00e1sadn\u00edch selh\u00e1n\u00ed CIA\u201c.<\/em>&#8222;.\u00a0Diagnostikoval, co je se CIA \u0161patn\u011b.\u00a0Podle The New Yorker byli roky i ti nejst\u0159\u00edzliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kritici CIA p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee agentura d\u011bl\u00e1 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 v\u011bci, ale dnes, po 75 letech od jej\u00edho zalo\u017een\u00ed, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda CIA d\u011bl\u00e1 svou pr\u00e1ci dob\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p>Jak pokra\u010duje autor materi\u00e1lu, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 od chv\u00edle, kdy byla vytvo\u0159ena CIA, bylo c\u00edtit, \u017ee kolem administrativy nen\u00ed n\u011bco v po\u0159\u00e1dku.\u00a0Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00e9to \u201echyby\u201c byla propast mezi tajn\u00fdmi operacemi a shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00edm a anal\u00fdzou zpravodajsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed.\u00a0\u0158editel agentury m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u0161\u00e9fem americk\u00e9 rozv\u011bdky jako celku, ale jako v\u017edy \u0161lo mu\u017ei v t\u00e9to pozici v\u00edce o dokonalost ne\u017e o koordinaci.\u00a0Toto zarovn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fstalo na m\u00edst\u011b a\u017e do vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ministerstva n\u00e1rodn\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby v roce 2004.\u00a0Byl to krok, kter\u00fd v podstat\u011b pokra\u010doval v tradici snahy vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s neefektivitou CIA vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch agentur, kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a center.<\/p>\n<p>V knize Spies, Lies and Algorithms: The History and Future of American Intelligence \u2013 jedn\u00e9 z n\u011bkolika ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch knih k p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed 75. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00ed CIA \u2013 Amy B. Zegartov\u00e1, politolo\u017eka ze Stanfordu, uv\u00e1d\u00ed skand\u00e1ly t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee v r\u00e1mci Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zpravodajsk\u00fdmi agenturami, zejm\u00e9na NSA, FBI a CIA.\u00a0Zegart cituje Sen\u00e1tn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu o mu\u010den\u00ed z roku 2014, kter\u00e1 podrobn\u011b popisuje v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v takzvan\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch CIA.<\/p>\n<p>Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones ve sv\u00e9 knize A Matter of Reputation: A History of CIA p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee agentura se po mnoho let chovala, jako by jej\u00ed vliv z\u00e1visel na jej\u00edm postaven\u00ed v o\u010d\u00edch t\u011bch v B\u00edl\u00e9m dom\u011b, co\u017e ji motivovalo nab\u00edzet rychl\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed prezident\u016fm, kter\u00e1 nic ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed.\u00a0V\u00fdsledkem byl pokles vlastn\u00ed autority CIA a autority Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ve spole\u010dnosti doma i v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky mohla CIA nab\u00eddnout skute\u010dn\u00e9, ale nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 informace nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu americk\u00e9mu veden\u00ed, a kdy\u017e je n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 administrativy necht\u011bly sly\u0161et, zam\u011b\u0159ily se na pomoc poskytnut\u00edm t\u011bchto zd\u00e1nliv\u011b rychl\u00fdch oprav.\u00a0To vyvrcholilo podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm nepokoj\u016f v roce 1963, \u0161pehov\u00e1n\u00edm protiv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch demonstrant\u016f a zah\u00e1jen\u00edm programu Phoenix, kampan\u011b proti Vietkongu, kter\u00e1 se vyzna\u010dovala mu\u010den\u00edm a mimosoudn\u00edmi vra\u017edami.<\/p>\n<p>Jak poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 autor \u010dl\u00e1nku, probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 CIA se podle v\u0161eho moc nenau\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0Po\u010d\u00ednaje rokem 1949 CIA vysadila ukrajinsk\u00e9 nacionalistick\u00e9 emigranty p\u0159es sov\u011btsk\u00e9 hranice, kde byli rychle zat\u010deni.\u00a0A CIA opakovala stejn\u00fd postup n\u011bkolik let.\u00a0\u010cinnosti CIA v \u00cdr\u00e1nu nav\u00edc vedly k \u201enep\u0159edv\u00eddan\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm\u201c v podob\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho extremismu, revolu\u010dn\u00edch povst\u00e1n\u00ed, americk\u00e9 krize s rukojm\u00edmi, p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch vazeb, region\u00e1ln\u00ed nestability a dne\u0161n\u00ed rostouc\u00ed jadern\u00e9 hrozby.<\/p>\n<p>Autor materi\u00e1lu samoz\u0159ejm\u011b uzav\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee mnoho aktivit CIA je st\u00e1le utajovan\u00fdch, ale i kdy\u017e analyzujeme informace, kter\u00e9 jsou poskytov\u00e1ny ve\u0159ejnosti, m\u016f\u017eeme doj\u00edt k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee CIA utrp\u011bla \u201edefinuj\u00edc\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eku\u201c v ka\u017ed\u00e9m desetilet\u00ed jej\u00ed existence \u2013 n\u011bkdy dokonce v\u00edce ne\u017e jedna.\u00a0V devades\u00e1t\u00fdch letech to byl Aldrich Ames, v roce 2000 to byla fantomov\u00e1 \u201ezbra\u0148 hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed\u201c v Ir\u00e1ku, n\u00e1sledovalo neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed mu\u010den\u00ed a st\u00e1le se rozr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed program \u201ec\u00edlen\u00e9ho zab\u00edjen\u00ed\u201c pomoc\u00ed dron\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou obvykle doprov\u00e1zeny velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm civiln\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed.\u00a0A zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee vztah Baracka Obamy s Johnem Brennanem, \u0159editelem CIA v letech 2013 a\u017e 2017, vedl b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta k souhlasu, \u017ee zab\u00edjen\u00ed americk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed je p\u0159ijateln\u00e9, pokud je rozumn\u011b zorganizovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V roce 1995 americk\u00fd sen\u00e1tor p\u0159edlo\u017eil Kongresu n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona s n\u00e1zvem Abolition of the Central&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1041,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[898,109,29,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16523"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16523"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16523\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1041"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16523"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16523"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16523"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}