{"id":16285,"date":"2022-10-06T08:00:26","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T06:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=16285"},"modified":"2022-10-06T08:00:26","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T06:00:26","slug":"meta-vyvinula-ai-ktera-dekodovanim-vasich-mozkovych-vln-dokaze-odhadnout-slova-ktera-slysite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/06\/meta-vyvinula-ai-ktera-dekodovanim-vasich-mozkovych-vln-dokaze-odhadnout-slova-ktera-slysite\/","title":{"rendered":"Meta vyvinula AI, kter\u00e1 dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00edm va\u0161ich mozkov\u00fdch vln dok\u00e1\u017ee odhadnout slova, kter\u00e1 sly\u0161\u00edte"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch vln by mohlo pomoci pacient\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed ztratili schopnost mluvit, znovu komunikovat a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku by mohlo lidem otev\u0159\u00edt nov\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby interakce s po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed metav\u00fdzkumn\u00edci uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017eou \u0159\u00edct, jak\u00e1 slova n\u011bkdo sly\u0161\u00ed pomoc\u00ed nahr\u00e1vek z neinvazivn\u00edch sken\u016f mozku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Na\u0161e schopnost studovat aktivitu lidsk\u00e9ho mozku se za posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161ila, proto\u017ee v\u011bdci vyvinuli \u0159adu technologi\u00ed rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (BCI), kter\u00e9 mohou poskytnout vhled do na\u0161ich my\u0161lenek a z\u00e1m\u011br\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejp\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f bylo dosa\u017eeno s invazivn\u00edmi z\u00e1znamov\u00fdmi za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi, ve kter\u00fdch jsou elektrody implantov\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo do \u0161ed\u00e9 hmoty mozku v kombinaci s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se dok\u00e1\u017ee nau\u010dit interpretovat mozkov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly.\u00a0V posledn\u00edch letech to umo\u017enilo\u00a0<\/span>dek\u00f3dovat cel\u00e9 v\u011bty z neur\u00e1ln\u00ed aktivity \u010dlov\u011bka s p\u0159esnost\u00ed 97 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a pokusilo se p\u0159ev\u00e9st\u00a0<\/span>pohyby rukopisu p\u0159\u00edmo do textu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rychlost\u00ed srovnatelnou s textov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale implantace elektrod do lidsk\u00e9ho mozku m\u00e1 zjevn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody.\u00a0Tyto vysoce rizikov\u00e9 postupy jsou z l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho hlediska ospravedlniteln\u00e9 pouze u pacient\u016f, u kter\u00fdch je z\u00e1znam mozku pot\u0159ebn\u00fd k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed jin\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako jsou:\u00a0B. epilepsie, je nutn\u00e1.\u00a0Tak\u00e9 neur\u00e1ln\u00ed sondy se \u010dasem opot\u0159ebov\u00e1vaj\u00ed, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje pravidelnou v\u00fdm\u011bnu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci z v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho odd\u011blen\u00ed AI spole\u010dnosti Meta se tedy rozhodli zjistit, zda by mohli dos\u00e1hnout podobn\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, ani\u017e by museli prov\u00e1d\u011bt nebezpe\u010dnou operaci mozku.\u00a0V\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nku zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9m na p\u0159edtiskov\u00e9m serveru arXiv<\/span><\/a>\u00a0t\u00fdm uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>, \u017ee vyvinul syst\u00e9m um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edv\u00eddat, jak\u00e1 slova n\u011bkdo sly\u0161\u00ed, na z\u00e1klad\u011b mozkov\u00e9 aktivity zaznamenan\u00e9 pomoc\u00ed neinvazivn\u00edch rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eZap\u00edchnut\u00ed elektrody do mozku \u010dlov\u011bka je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b invazivn\u00ed,\u201c\u00a0\u0159ekl TIME<\/a>\u00a0Jean Remi King, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk z laborato\u0159e Facebook Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR) .\u00a0\u201eCht\u011bli jsme tedy zkusit vyu\u017e\u00edt neinvazivn\u00ed z\u00e1znamy mozkov\u00e9 aktivity.\u00a0A c\u00edlem bylo vybudovat syst\u00e9m um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd by dok\u00e1zal dek\u00f3dovat reakce mozku na mluven\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy.\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci \u010derpali ze \u010dty\u0159 ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edch datov\u00fdch soubor\u016f mozkov\u00e9 aktivity shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch od 169 lid\u00ed p\u0159i poslechu nahr\u00e1vek mluv\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed.\u00a0Ka\u017ed\u00fd subjekt byl zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1n bu\u010f pomoc\u00ed magnetoencefalografie (MEG) nebo elektroencefalografie (EEG), kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy senzor\u016f pro z\u00e1znam elektrick\u00e9 aktivity mozku z vn\u011bj\u0161ku lebky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich p\u0159\u00edstupem bylo rozd\u011blit mozek a zvukov\u00e1 data do t\u0159\u00edsekundov\u00fdch \u00faryvk\u016f a vlo\u017eit je do neuronov\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, kter\u00e1 pak hledala vzorce, kter\u00e9 by je mohly spojit.\u00a0Po \u0161kolen\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence s mnoha hodinami t\u011bchto dat ji otestovali s dosud nevid\u011bn\u00fdmi daty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Syst\u00e9m si nejl\u00e9pe vedl na jednom z datov\u00fdch sad MEG, kde dos\u00e1hl p\u0159esnosti 72,5 procenta v top 10.\u00a0To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee 10 slov s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch se segmentem mozkov\u00fdch vln obsahovalo spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 slovo 72,5 procenta \u010dasu.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nemus\u00ed zn\u00edt jako mnoho, ale je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee syst\u00e9m byl vybr\u00e1n z potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby 793 slov.\u00a0U druh\u00e9ho souboru dat MEG dos\u00e1hl syst\u00e9m sk\u00f3re 67,2 procenta, ale v souborech dat EEG si vedl m\u00e9n\u011b dob\u0159e a dos\u00e1hl pouze 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edch p\u0159esnost\u00ed 31,4 a 19,1.<\/span><\/p>\n

K praktick\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu to m\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je\u0161t\u011b daleko, ale p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pokrok v obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9m probl\u00e9mu. Neinvazivn\u00ed BCI maj\u00ed mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed pom\u011br sign\u00e1lu k \u0161umu, tak\u017ee dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e9 aktivity t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9. v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fasp\u011bchu by to mohlo v\u00e9st k mnohem \u0161\u00ed\u0159eji pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 technologii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd je v\u0161ak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee tento probl\u00e9m lze vy\u0159e\u0161it.\u00a0Thomas Knopfel z Imperial College London \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span>New Scientist<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee \u201epokou\u0161et se prozkoumat mysl t\u011bmito neinvazivn\u00edmi metodami je jako pokou\u0161et se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et HD film p\u0159es starom\u00f3dn\u00ed analogov\u00e9 telefonn\u00ed modemy\u201c a pochyboval, \u017ee by se takov\u00e9 metody n\u011bkdy staly praktickou \u00farovn\u00ed p\u0159esnosti. b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti jako\u00a0<\/span>Neuralink<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Elona Muska tak\u00e9 s\u00e1z\u00ed na to, \u017ee jak se technologie zdokonal\u00ed, nakonec p\u0159ekon\u00e1me svou nechu\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvat invazivn\u00ed metody a pak budou moci b\u011b\u017en\u00ed lid\u00e9 dostat\u00a0<\/span>mozkov\u00e9 implant\u00e1ty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum meta t\u00fdmu je v\u0161ak st\u00e1le ve velmi ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi a je zde st\u00e1le velk\u00fd prostor pro zlep\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0A komer\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kdo dok\u00e1\u017ee prolomit neinvazivn\u00ed skenov\u00e1n\u00ed mozku, budou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b obrovskou motivac\u00ed to zkusit.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Dek\u00f3dov\u00e1n\u00ed mozkov\u00fdch vln by mohlo pomoci pacient\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed ztratili schopnost mluvit, znovu komunikovat a v…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[247,3507,1156],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16286"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}