{"id":1626,"date":"2021-05-13T05:15:04","date_gmt":"2021-05-13T03:15:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=1626"},"modified":"2021-05-13T05:15:04","modified_gmt":"2021-05-13T03:15:04","slug":"rizika-a-alternativy-nove-volebni-legislativy-hrozi-zde-hypoteticke-riziko-ze-novela-muze-byt-z-tohoto-duvodu-opet-u-ustavniho-soudu-napadena","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2021\/05\/13\/rizika-a-alternativy-nove-volebni-legislativy-hrozi-zde-hypoteticke-riziko-ze-novela-muze-byt-z-tohoto-duvodu-opet-u-ustavniho-soudu-napadena\/","title":{"rendered":"Rizika a alternativy nov\u00e9 volebn\u00ed legislativy. Hroz\u00ed zde hypotetick\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee novela m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z tohoto d\u016fvodu op\u011bt u \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu napadena"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>\u00danorov\u00fd n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd zru\u0161il z\u00e1sadn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti Z\u00e1kona o volb\u00e1ch do Parlamentu upravuj\u00edc\u00ed proces ustaven\u00ed Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny,&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"zprava_text\">\n<div>&#8230;\u010d\u00edm\u017e v tu chv\u00edli\u00a0 fakticky znemo\u017enil p\u0159eveden\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f \u0159\u00edjnov\u00fdch voleb do doln\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed komory do podoby jej\u00edho faktick\u00e9ho person\u00e1ln\u00edho obsazen\u00ed, vyvolal mimo jin\u00e9 a\u017e nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd tlak na urychlen\u00e9 p\u0159ijet\u00ed novely tohoto z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e1 by syst\u00e9m voleb do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny u\u010dinil op\u011bt funk\u010dn\u00edm. S t\u00edm rizikem, \u017ee omezen\u00fd prostor pro zevrubnou parlamentn\u00ed debatu nad t\u00edmto z\u00e1konem m\u016f\u017ee generovat n\u011bkter\u00e1 sporn\u00e1 m\u00edsta v t\u00e9to\u00a0 novele.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Na hran\u011b \u00fastavnosti a spravedlnosti<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Tato sporn\u00e1 m\u00edsta jsou n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Zaprv\u00e9 jde o mechanismus ur\u010den\u00ed po\u010dtu poslanc\u016f volen\u00fdch v jednotliv\u00fdch\u00a0 volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch,jeho\u017e \u00faprava je doslovn\u00fdm p\u0159episem stejn\u00e9ho ustanoven\u00ed volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (paragraf 48), kter\u00e9 bylo ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem \u00dastavn\u00edm soudem zru\u0161eno jako proti\u00fastavn\u00ed.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Hroz\u00ed zde tedy hypotetick\u00e9 riziko, \u017ee novela m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z tohoto d\u016fvodu op\u011bt u \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu napadena\u00a0 &#8211; v\u010detn\u011b varianty\u00a0 zru\u0161en\u00ed t\u00e9to jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti. To by se z\u0159ejm\u011b, z \u010dasov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, stalo a\u017e po prob\u011bhnut\u00ed voleb, co\u017e by mohlo v\u00e9st a\u017e ke zpochybn\u011bn\u00ed jejich v\u00fdsledk\u016f. A to nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 radostn\u00e1 vyhl\u00eddka.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>O co jde? O postup, kter\u00fdm se na z\u00e1klad\u011b celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu hlas\u016f odevzdan\u00fdch pro politick\u00e9 subjekty p\u0159ekro\u010div\u0161\u00ed celost\u00e1tn\u011b po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kvorum pro strany, hnut\u00ed \u010di koalice nejprve vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 tzv. republikov\u00e9 mand\u00e1tov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a pot\u00e9 se, na z\u00e1klad\u011b po\u010dtu hlas\u016f odevzdan\u00fdch v jednotliv\u00fdch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch, stanov\u00ed po\u010det poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 budou v t\u011bchto kraj\u00edch obsazov\u00e1ny a rozd\u011blov\u00e1ny.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>L\u00e9pe \u0159e\u010deno, s ohledem na novou podobu zp\u016fsobu p\u0159evod\u016f hlasy na poslaneck\u00e1 k\u0159esla jde o ur\u010den\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho mo\u017en\u00e9ho po\u010dtu mand\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou b\u00fdt v jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edch p\u0159id\u011bleny volebn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm v tzv. prvn\u00edm skrutiniu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>To mimo jin\u00e9 znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se tak\u0159ka identick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jako d\u0159\u00edve budou opakovat dispropor\u010dn\u00ed rozd\u00edly v pod\u00edlu zastoupen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f ve\u00a0 v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch a mal\u00fdch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch \u2013 op\u011bt v neprosp\u011bch men\u0161\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u011b velk\u00fdch stran a hnut\u00ed. Bude tak d\u00e1l doch\u00e1zet k deformac\u00edm rovnosti jak volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va aktivn\u00edho (\u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed volebn\u00ed kraj, t\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1ha hlas\u016f voli\u010d\u016f stran mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed velikosti), tak pasivn\u00edho (tam naopak bude d\u00e1le platit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 \u00fam\u011bra ve smyslu \u201e\u010d\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed volebn\u00ed obvod a men\u0161\u00ed politick\u00fd subjekt, t\u00edm m\u00e9n\u011b preferen\u010dn\u00edch hlas\u016f \/krou\u017ek\u016f\/ je t\u0159eba\u00a0 na \u201eposko\u010den\u00ed\u201c do \u010dela p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 kandid\u00e1tn\u00ed listiny).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Co\u017e byl jeden z hlavn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d v \u00fanoru \u00dastavn\u00ed soud tu \u010d\u00e1st volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00e1 definovala v\u00fdpo\u010det a zp\u016fsob p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f do volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f, zru\u0161il.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Dle n\u00e1lezu \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu jde toti\u017e o \u201e\u2026ne\u00fastavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m vzniku Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny cestou \u010dtrn\u00e1cti separovan\u00fdch voleb v samostatn\u00fdch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch bez vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed v\u00fdsledku voleb\u2026\u201c. A na tom novela, kter\u00e1 pro\u0161la Sn\u011bmovnou, nezm\u011bnila ani \u010d\u00e1rku\u2026<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Mand\u00e1ty se tedy politick\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm maj\u00ed i nad\u00e1le p\u0159id\u011blovat\u00a0<\/strong>na \u00farovni jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u016f resp. na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdsledk\u016f v nich, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm pomoc\u00ed tzv. krajsk\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho \u010d\u00edsla, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1z\u00ed z pom\u011bru velikosti volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti v kraji a po\u010dtu mand\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt v onom kraji rozd\u011blov\u00e1ny.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Co\u017e, mimo jin\u00e9, ve volb\u00e1ch siln\u011b zv\u00fdhodn\u00ed ty politick\u00e9 subjekty (v leto\u0161n\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b koalice), kter\u00e9 disponuj\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podporu ve velk\u00fdch resp. v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch (Praha, St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fd kraj, Jihomoravsk\u00fd kraj, Moravskoslezsk\u00fd kraj).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A tedy, pro celkov\u00fd v\u00fdsledek voleb a povolebn\u00ed pom\u011br sil ve Sn\u011bmovn\u011b tak nebude (nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt) nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed celkov\u00fd nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det obdr\u017een\u00fdch voli\u010dsk\u00fd hlas\u016f pro jednotliv\u00e9 volebn\u00ed subjekty, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, jak siln\u00e9 budou ve \u010dty\u0159ech nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch, kde se mohou (a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b i budou) leto\u0161n\u00ed volby rozhodovat.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Riziko, \u017ee n\u011bjak\u00fd opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd subjekt toto ustanoven\u00ed volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona op\u011bt napadne soudn\u011b, je pom\u011brn\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9. Se v\u0161emi p\u0159edstaviteln\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Loterie druh\u00e9ho skrutinia<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Dal\u0161\u00edm zna\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem z hlediska \u00fastavnosti volebn\u00ed novely\u00a0 je zp\u016fsob p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed mand\u00e1t\u016f volebn\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdm politick\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm v tzv. druh\u00e9m skrutiniu, tj. model p\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00ed poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 politick\u00fdm stran\u00e1m, hnut\u00edm a koalic\u00edm nebyly p\u0159ik\u00e1z\u00e1ny v r\u00e1mci prvn\u00edho skrutinia.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>P\u016fvodn\u011b se tyto mand\u00e1ty m\u011bly p\u0159id\u011blovat politick\u00fdm subjekt\u016fm na z\u00e1klad\u011b rozhodnut\u00ed jejich veden\u00ed\u00a0 do jimi vybran\u00fdch volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f \u2013 v\u017edy tolik, kolik jich bylo dan\u00e9mu subjektu vypo\u010dteno ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu. Tento zp\u016fsob byl ov\u0161em pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u00ed strany nakonec nep\u0159ijateln\u00fd jako \u201enep\u0159ijateln\u00e9 nad\u0159azen\u00ed v\u016fle stranick\u00fdch sekretari\u00e1t\u016f nad v\u016fli voli\u010d\u016f\u201c.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A tak byl schv\u00e1len jin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, tzv. p\u0159erozd\u011blovac\u00ed automat, na z\u00e1klad\u011b pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu p\u0159edsedy Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny Radka Vondr\u00e1\u010dka.V druh\u00e9m skrutiniu tedy v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f obdr\u017e\u00ed mand\u00e1ty jim (ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu) p\u0159ik\u00e1zan\u00e9 kandid\u00e1ti podle po\u0159ad\u00ed volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f ur\u010den\u00e9ho podle nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch zbytk\u016f d\u011blen\u00ed v prvn\u00edm skrutiniu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A to m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m z hlediska \u00fastavnosti resp. z hlediska dodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1sad pom\u011brnosti volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu do Sn\u011bmovny, proto\u017ee diskriminace kandid\u00e1t\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z men\u0161\u00edch volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f je naprosto zjevn\u00e1.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A to pr\u00e1v\u011b proto,\u00a0 \u017ee hlasy voli\u010d\u016f se v prvn\u00edm\u00a0 skrutiniu p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed na mand\u00e1ty striktn\u011b odd\u011blen\u011b, v\u017edy pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b volebn\u00edch v\u00fdsledku v jednotliv\u00fdch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch. T\u00edm p\u00e1dem jsou i d\u011blitele (tzv. krajsk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla), od nich\u017e se m\u00e1 odv\u00edjet stanoven\u00ed po\u0159ad\u00ed\u00a0 nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch zbytk\u016f d\u011blen\u00ed v prvn\u00edm skrutiniu pro p\u0159i\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed mand\u00e1t\u016f ve skrutiniu druh\u00e9m, nestejn\u011b velk\u00e9 &#8211; stoupaj\u00ed s velikost\u00ed kraje (resp. s po\u010dtem opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se z\u00fa\u010dastnili voleb).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A proto je nelogick\u00e9 a nespravedliv\u00e9 stanovovat po\u0159ad\u00ed volebn\u00edch kraj\u016f pro fin\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0 p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed mand\u00e1t\u016f ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu takto, pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b porovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed veli\u010din rozd\u00edln\u00e9 povahy, kdy kandid\u00e1ti politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f v men\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edch jsou de facto u\u017e p\u0159edem diskvalifikov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeliko\u017e krajsk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla v \u201ejejich\u201c kraj\u00edch v\u00fdznamn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e krajsk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch kraj\u00edch \u2013 a to a\u017e o 50 procent, porovn\u00e1me-li nejmen\u0161\u00ed, Karlovarsk\u00fd kraj, s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm, St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fdm krajem.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tato krajsk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla, na jejich\u017e z\u00e1klad\u011b se budou vypo\u010d\u00edt\u00e1vat a porovn\u00e1vat zbytky d\u011blen\u00ed, se budou pohybovat od cca 15 000 (v Karlovarsk\u00e9m kraji) do cca 22 000 (ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Vezm\u011bme si hypotetick\u00fd modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad: stran\u011b XY bude ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu p\u0159i\u0159knut jeden mand\u00e1t. Jej\u00ed dva nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zbytky d\u011blen\u00ed po prvn\u00edm skrutiniu budou 14 999 hlas\u016f (tzn. 0,99 mand\u00e1tu) v Karlovarsk\u00e9m kraji a v15 001 hlas\u016f (0,68 mand\u00e1tu) ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji. Mand\u00e1t na z\u00e1klad\u011b ustanoven\u00ed volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona obdr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd kandid\u00e1t ve St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00e9m kraji.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Jakkoli tam stran\u011b XY v prvn\u00edm skrutiniu chyb\u011blo ke zisku mand\u00e1tu 6 999 hlas\u016f a v Karlovarsk\u00e9m kraji pouh\u00fd jeden jedin\u00fd hlas!!!<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Pouze proto, \u017ee St\u0159edo\u010desk\u00fd kraj m\u00e1 v\u00edce obyvatel a voli\u010d\u016f.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Takov\u00e9 situaci zcela jist\u011b re\u00e1ln\u011b nastanou i v povolebn\u00ed praxi a mohou velmi pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvolat i individu\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enosti n\u011bkter\u00fdch ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch kandid\u00e1t\u016f na v\u00fdsledek voleb resp. na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159id\u011blen\u00ed mand\u00e1tu\u00a0 uvnit\u0159 politick\u00fdch stran, hnut\u00ed \u010di koalic.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>P\u0159i\u010dem\u017e t\u00e9to situaci se dalo docela dob\u0159e p\u0159edej\u00edt t\u00edm, \u017ee by se v r\u00e1mci druh\u00e9ho skrutinia porovn\u00e1valy zbytky d\u011blen\u00ed po prvn\u00edm skrutiniu nikoli v jejich absolutn\u00edm (nomin\u00e1ln\u00edm) po\u010detn\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, n\u00fdbr\u017e v podob\u011b relativn\u00ed \u2013 v p\u0159epo\u010dtu na desetinn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>V tom smyslu, jakou procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st prvn\u00edho nep\u0159id\u011blen\u00e9ho mand\u00e1tu z\u00edskal dan\u00fd politick\u00fd subjekt v kraji v prvn\u00edm skrutiniu resp. jak\u00e1 procentu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st mu ke zisku tohoto mand\u00e1tu ji\u017e v prvn\u00edm skrutiniu chyb\u011bla. Tak, aby mand\u00e1ty ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu v r\u00e1mci stran, hnut\u00ed a koalic z\u00edskali skute\u010dn\u011b kandid\u00e1ti v t\u011bch volebn\u00edch kraj\u00edch, kde ke zisku dal\u0161\u00edho mand\u00e1tu chyb\u011bl nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed po\u010det hlas\u016f \u2013 bez ohledu na\u00a0 faktor velikosti kraje.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Lze dokonce i konstatovat, \u017ee aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed podoby p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f ve druh\u00e9m skrutiniu\u00a0 je zalo\u017eeno na vyu\u017eit\u00ed tzv. v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho prvku, co\u017e naru\u0161uje povahu samotn\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu do Sn\u011bmovny, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt pom\u011brn\u00fd, nikoli kombinac\u00ed pom\u011brn\u00e9ho a v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tato zm\u011bna u\u017e by byla mo\u017en\u00e1 pouze v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee by se novela volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona vr\u00e1tila ze Sen\u00e1tu zp\u011bt do Sn\u011bmovny, jeliko\u017e ve\u0161ker\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 volebn\u00ed legislativa mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ob\u011bma parlamentn\u00edmi komorami schv\u00e1lena v identick\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed. Co\u017e by ov\u0161em sou\u010dasn\u011b znamenalo dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dasovou prodlevu v procesu schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona a jeho posun n\u011bkam sm\u011brem a\u017e skoro k letn\u00edm m\u011bs\u00edc\u016fm.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A to je je u\u017e term\u00edn opravdu \u0161ibeni\u010dn\u00ed. Nehled\u011b na to, \u017ee neexistence funk\u010dn\u00edho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny u\u017e nyn\u00ed nap\u0159. znemo\u017e\u0148uje kon\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00fdch voleb do doln\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed komory, co\u017e je legitimn\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch kriz\u00ed typu t\u00e9, co pr\u00e1v\u011b pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Co je je\u0161t\u011b reformovat? Syst\u00e9m krou\u017ekov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Novelizace pravidel pro volbu Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny z\u00e1rove\u0148 otev\u00edr\u00e1 prostor i pro \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed debatu o tom, zda by si n\u011bjak\u00e9 zm\u011bny zaslou\u017eil i design dal\u0161\u00edch volebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f na jednotliv\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch \u010desk\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. A pokud ano, tak jak\u00e9.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Ne\u017e se ov\u0161em, nejsp\u00ed\u0161e n\u011bkdy v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti,\u00a0 vyd\u00e1me t\u00edmto sm\u011brem, z\u016fsta\u0148me je\u0161t\u011b na chv\u00edli u volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Za \u00favahu by ur\u010dit\u011b st\u00e1la nap\u0159. reforma podoby hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed resp. charakteru kandid\u00e1tn\u00edch listin ve smyslu zp\u016fsobu a v\u00e1hy tzv. preferen\u010dn\u00edho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed (krou\u017ekov\u00e1n\u00ed).<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Nyn\u00ed m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd voli\u010d mo\u017enost preferovat (zakrou\u017ekovat) maxim\u00e1ln\u011b \u010dty\u0159i kandid\u00e1ty na krajsk\u00e9 volebn\u00ed listin\u011b p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho subjektu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e k tomu, aby se kandid\u00e1t na t\u00e9to listin\u011b posunul dop\u0159edu, je t\u0159eba, aby z\u00edskal preferen\u010dn\u00ed hlasy minim\u00e1ln\u011b p\u011bti procent voli\u010d\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v dan\u00e9m kraji odevzdali hlas \u201ejeho\u201c subjektu.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Pokud bychom cht\u011bli tuto personalizaci pos\u00edlit, je alternativou syst\u00e9m tzv. voln\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tn\u00edch listin resp. vyu\u017eit\u00ed\u00a0 finsk\u00e9ho modelu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edstavuje opravdu efektivn\u00ed a dostupnou mo\u017enost v\u00fdb\u011bru a volby konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch kandid\u00e1t\u016f ob\u010dany i v podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pom\u011brn\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Tento model spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v tom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd politick\u00fd subjekt p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u016fj seznam kandid\u00e1t\u016f v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm obvod\u011b v abecedn\u00edm po\u0159ad\u00ed a voli\u010d \u201czakrou\u017ekuje\u201c pouze jednoho z nich. Hlas je tak tedy odevzd\u00e1n jednak p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9mu subjektu, tak i\u00a0 konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu kandid\u00e1tovi.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Kone\u010dn\u00e9 po\u0159ad\u00ed kandid\u00e1t\u016f na listin\u011b\u00a0 je tak ve fin\u00e1le\u00a0 stanoveno pouze samotn\u00fdmi voli\u010di, nen\u00ed vy\u017eadov\u00e1na \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 hranice pro posun na kandid\u00e1tce sm\u011brem vzh\u016fru, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed pouze na nomin\u00e1ln\u00edm po\u010dtu preferenc\u00ed. A tedy \u2013 mand\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9m v p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m volebn\u00edm obvod\u011b politick\u00e9mu subjektu p\u0159ipadnou, obsad\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010det kandid\u00e1t\u016f s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem preferen\u010dn\u00edch hlas\u016f.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Hrozba a zjevn\u00e1 proti\u00fastavnost koresponden\u010dn\u00edho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>V r\u00e1mci debaty o \u00faprav\u011b volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu pro volby do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny otev\u0159ely n\u011bkter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany,\u00a0 Pir\u00e1ti, STAN, ODS, KDU-\u010cSL a TOP 09,op\u011bt ot\u00e1zku mo\u017enosti zaveden\u00ed koresponden\u010dn\u00edho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed pro tento typ voleb. Nyn\u00ed zat\u00edm jen pro \u010cechy \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed, nebo zdr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se v dob\u011b voleb, v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Ov\u0161em z\u00e1stupci jmenovan\u00fdch subjekt\u016f se nikterak netaj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee po podzimn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch, ve kter\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 vytvo\u0159en\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny a vl\u00e1dy,\u00a0 nastol\u00ed variantu zaveden\u00ed koresponden\u010dn\u00edho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed znovu &#8211; a tentokr\u00e1t ji\u017e pro v\u0161echny opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 voli\u010de, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch tuzemsk\u00fdch.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>P\u0159itom tlak na zaveden\u00ed koresponden\u010dn\u00edho\u00a0 &#8211; ale i jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho zp\u016fsobu tzv. d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho (nap\u0159. elektronick\u00e9ho) \u2013 hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jak racion\u00e1ln\u00ed zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed, tak hlavn\u011b oporu v \u010desk\u00e9 \u00dastav\u011b.\u010ce\u0161i \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed (a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i ti \u201edom\u00e1c\u00ed\u201c) maj\u00ed p\u0159ece mo\u017enost \u00fa\u010dastnit se voleb, pokud o to maj\u00ed opravdov\u00fd z\u00e1jem, standardn\u00edm \u201efyzick\u00fdm\u201c zp\u016fsobem na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9m (nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm) zastupitelsk\u00e9m \u00fa\u0159adu \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A nen\u00ed tedy nutn\u00e9 jejich procedur\u00e1ln\u00ed volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo radno roz\u0161i\u0159ovat, nota bene za pou\u017eit\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou jednozna\u010dn\u011b za hranou \u00fastavnosti. A to koresponden\u010dn\u00ed zp\u016fsob hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed je.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Koresponden\u010dn\u00ed (a jak\u00e9koli d\u00e1lkov\u00e9) toti\u017e nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u011b naru\u0161uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, zejm\u00e9na tajnost, rovnost a p\u0159\u00edmost hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e jsou naprosto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed konstanty zp\u016fsobu prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed politick\u00fdch person\u00e1ln\u00edch voleb\u00a0 v demokratick\u00fdch politick\u00fdch re\u017eimech.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tajnost volby m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt garantov\u00e1na pouze tehdy, jestli\u017ee m\u00e1 akt v\u00fdkonu hlasovac\u00edho pr\u00e1va osobn\u00ed a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter, kdy\u017e tento akt prob\u00edh\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm fyzick\u00e9ho vhozen\u00ed volebn\u00edho l\u00edstku do volebn\u00ed urny\u00a0 za plentou. Za p\u0159\u00edtomnosti volebn\u00ed komise, kter\u00e1 cel\u00fd proces hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed kontroluje dle p\u0159edem dan\u00fdch z\u00e1konn\u00fdch pravidel.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>To u koresponden\u010dn\u00edho (ani u elektronick\u00e9ho) hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 zaru\u010dit, jeliko\u017e nelze absolutn\u011b vylou\u010dit mo\u017enost, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 osoby hlasuj\u00ed pod \u201edozorem\u201c \u010di dokonce pod n\u00e1tlakem jin\u00fdch osob.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Rovnost volebn\u00edho pr\u00e1va znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd ve volb\u00e1ch odevzdan\u00fd hlas m\u00e1 stejnou v\u00e1hu a \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd voli\u010d m\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci v\u00fdkonu volby naprosto stejn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a podm\u00ednky. Tyto z\u00e1sady koresponden\u010dn\u00ed (a elektronick\u00fd) zp\u016fsob hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed rovn\u011b\u017e z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem naru\u0161uje.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Proto\u017ee bu\u010f zav\u00e1d\u00ed, pokud by platilo univerz\u00e1ln\u011b, dvoj\u00ed typ volby (\u00fastavn\u011b konformn\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fyzick\u00fd zp\u016fsob a naproti tomu jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed, av\u0161ak ne\u00fastavn\u00ed zp\u016fsob d\u00e1lkov\u00fd), anebo rovnou ur\u010ditou skupinu ob\u010dan\u016f neopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b zv\u00fdhod\u0148uje oproti skupin\u011b jin\u00e9, a to v tom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, pokud by pr\u00e1vem volit koresponden\u010dn\u011b disponovala pouze ur\u010dit\u00e1 skupina voli\u010d\u016f, nap\u0159. \u201ezahrani\u010dn\u00ed\u201c \u010ce\u0161i. A p\u0159i d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m zp\u016fsobu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed nelze rovn\u011b\u017e vylou\u010dit \u00fastavn\u011b nep\u0159\u00edpustnou variantu, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e1 osoba hlasuje v dan\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch v\u00edcekr\u00e1t.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>A ani mo\u017enost, \u017ee pod jm\u00e9nem a identitou ur\u010dit\u00e9 osoby disponuj\u00edc\u00ed aktivn\u00edm volebn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem hlasuje n\u011bkdo \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd,\u00a0 kdo nap\u0159. ani toto volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo z nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f\u00a0 nem\u00e1. \u010c\u00edm\u017e je zase naru\u0161en princip p\u0159\u00edmosti hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeliko\u017e v d\u00e1lkov\u00e9m zp\u016fsobu absentuje prvek volebn\u00ed komise, kter\u00e1 je mocna ka\u017ed\u00e9ho voli\u010de identifikovat a vylou\u010dit eventualitu v\u00edcen\u00e1sobn\u00e9 volby jednou a tou samou osobou.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Argument\u016f proti zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed koresponden\u010dn\u00edho (resp. d\u00e1lkov\u00e9ho) hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed do \u010desk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du je pochopiteln\u011b v\u00edce, politick\u00e9ho i praktick\u00e9ho charakteru a vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z \u2013 vesm\u011bs neblah\u00fdch \u2013 zahrani\u010dn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed s t\u00edmto typem volby. Pro pot\u0159eby tohoto textu prozat\u00edm setrvejme pouze u argumentace nejz\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u00fastavn\u00ed.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Praktick\u00e1 pomoc voli\u010d\u016fm<\/strong><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed zaveden\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00e9 formy hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed do na\u0161ich volebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f z\u00e1rove\u0148 neznamen\u00e1 zavr\u017een\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli jin\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdch zm\u011bn \u010di \u00faprav v procesu organizace voleb v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kter\u00e9 by mj. mohly v\u00e9st ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti \u2013 ov\u0161em \u00fastavn\u011b konformn\u00edm zp\u016fsobem.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Jedn\u00e1 se nap\u0159. o reformu agendy\u00a0 tzv. voli\u010dsk\u00fdch pr\u016fkaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 ob\u010dan\u016fm s volebn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed hlasovat kdekoli na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky, kde se pr\u00e1v\u011b v okam\u017eiku voleb nach\u00e1zej\u00ed.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tyto pr\u016fkazy se ov\u0161em fyzicky vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed pouze na obecn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159adech v m\u00edst\u011b trval\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b voli\u010de, co\u017e vy\u017eaduje vynalo\u017een\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch a finan\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, cestov\u00e1n\u00ed apod.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>P\u0159itom neexistuje jedin\u00fd relevantn\u00ed\u00a0 d\u016fvod k tomu, aby tyto voli\u010dsk\u00e9 pr\u016fkazy nemohly na\u0161im ob\u010dan\u016fm vyd\u00e1vat ve\u0161ker\u00e9 obecn\u00ed (\u010di m\u011bstsk\u00e9) \u00fa\u0159ady v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, bez ohledu na m\u00edsto trval\u00e9ho bydli\u0161t\u011b \u017eadatele. Anebo kontaktn\u00ed m\u00edsta ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy (tzv. Czech POINTy) na na\u0161ich po\u0161t\u00e1ch, podobn\u011b, jako je tomu nap\u0159. u v\u00fdpisu z rejst\u0159\u00edku trest\u016f apod. Tato zd\u00e1nliv\u00e1 drobnost by mohla b\u00fdt v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm krokem vp\u0159ed a rukou, kterou st\u00e1t pod\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm a voli\u010d\u016fm, Ide\u00e1lem, a nikoli z \u0159\u00ed\u0161e science-fiction, by v tomto ohledu mohl b\u00fdt stav, kdy ka\u017ed\u00fd opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd voli\u010d hlasuje v libovoln\u00e9 volebn\u00ed m\u00edstnosti v \u010cR pouze na sv\u016fj ob\u010dansk\u00fd pr\u016fkaz, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e opakovan\u00e9mu hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed by zabr\u00e1nil sd\u00edlen\u00fd elektronick\u00fd registar\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kde by byl \u00fadaj o hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed voli\u010de XY zaznamen\u00e1n a pokus o p\u0159\u00edpadnou \u201evolebn\u00ed recidivu\u201c by byl p\u0159i jak\u00e9koli jeho dal\u0161\u00ed registraci odhalen.<br \/>\n\u010casovan\u00e1 bomba koalic<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Jednou z \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, kterou \u00dastavn\u00ed soud v \u00fanoru zru\u0161il, bylo ustanoven\u00ed o tzv. aditivn\u00edch uzav\u00edrac\u00edch klauzul\u00edch pro volebn\u00ed koalice. Jednalo se\u00a0 o normu, kter\u00e1 vy\u017eadovala, aby volebn\u00ed spojenectv\u00ed dvou politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f (stran \u010di hnut\u00ed) pro postup do skrutinia, kde prob\u00edh\u00e1 ji\u017e samotn\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f, z\u00edskala v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku minim\u00e1ln\u011b 10 procent ze v\u0161ech odevzdan\u00fdch hlas\u016f, spojenectv\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed takov\u00fdch subjekt\u016f 15 procent a aliance \u010dty\u0159 a v\u00edce spole\u010dn\u011b kandiduj\u00edc\u00edch subjekt\u016f pak 20 procent z celost\u00e1tn\u011b odevzdan\u00fdch hlas\u016f.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Novela volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona pravidla pro kandiduj\u00edc\u00ed koalice zm\u00edrnila. Nap\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b tak bude alianci dvou politick\u00fdch subjekt\u016f ke vstupu do Sn\u011bmovny posta\u010dovat celost\u00e1tn\u00ed zisk 8 procent hlas\u016f a souru\u010denstv\u00edm t\u0159\u00ed a v\u00edce subjekt\u016f pak 11 procent hlas\u016f. Potud \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Probl\u00e9mem ov\u0161em je, nejen v kontextu aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed situace, skute\u010dnost, \u017ee volebn\u00ed z\u00e1kon v\u016fbec neobsahuje definici term\u00ednu \u201ekoalice\u201c. Co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i p\u0159evodu voli\u010dsk\u00fdch hlas\u016f na mand\u00e1ty generovat nemal\u00e9 probl\u00e9my\u00a0 &#8211; resp. m\u016f\u017ee to vyvolat povolebn\u00ed soudn\u00ed st\u00ed\u017enosti v\u010detn\u011b tlaku na arbitr\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00ed poslaneck\u00fdch mand\u00e1t tzv.\u201cod zelen\u00e9ho stolu\u201c.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Z jednoduch\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu: Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e1 p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed\u00a0 spojenectv\u00ed (Pir\u00e1ti s hnut\u00edm STAN a uskupen\u00ed SPOLU \/ODS, TOP 09, KDU-\u010cSL) se odpo\u010d\u00e1tku deklaruj\u00ed jako volebn\u00ed koalice, kter\u00e9 t\u00edm p\u00e1dem budou muset p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat pro vstup do Sn\u011bmovny la\u0165ku v podob\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho kv\u00f3ra (8 resp. 11 procent hlas\u016f ), ne\u017e jak\u00e9 plat\u00ed pro samostatn\u011b kandiduj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e9 strany a politick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed (5 procent hlas\u016f), jin\u00e9 p\u0159edvolebn\u00ed sestavy (Trikol\u00f3ra, Svobodn\u00ed a Soukromn\u00edci resp. \u010cSSD se Stranou zelen\u00fdch) se ozna\u010duj\u00ed a vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed za volebn\u00ed subjekty s jednou spole\u010dnou kandid\u00e1tn\u00ed listinou, pro kter\u00e9 plat\u00ed ona ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed, pouze p\u011btiprocentn\u00ed klauzule.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Klasik by \u0159ekl, \u017ee je to pon\u011bkud ne\u010destn\u00e9 a nesportovn\u00ed. To sice ano, ale s pouh\u00fdm t\u00edmto r\u010den\u00edm si volebn\u00ed sen\u00e1ty spr\u00e1vn\u00edch soud\u016f s p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdmi st\u00ed\u017enostmi na v\u00fdsledek voleb nevysta\u010d\u00ed.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Proto se v r\u00e1mci projedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed novely volebn\u00edho z\u00e1kona ve Sn\u011bmovn\u011b pokusila poslankyn\u011b hnut\u00ed SPD Monika Jaro\u0161ov\u00e1 tuto legislativn\u00ed mezeru zaplnit, kdy\u017e navrhla definici volebn\u00ed koalice do tohoto pr\u00e1vn\u00edho p\u0159edpisu doplnit. A to ve zn\u011bn\u00ed \u201eKoalic\u00ed je subjekt kandiduj\u00edc\u00ed ve volb\u00e1ch do Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovny, jeho\u017e kandid\u00e1tn\u00ed listiny jsou tvo\u0159eny \u010dleny nebo kandid\u00e1ty v\u00edce ne\u017e jedn\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany nebo politick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed registrovan\u00e9ho Ministerstvem vnitra \u010cR, kter\u00e9 ve stejn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch nekandiduj\u00ed samostatn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vlastn\u00edch kandid\u00e1tn\u00edch listin.\u201d.<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Jasn\u00e9, logick\u00e9, stru\u010dn\u00e9, jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 a srozumiteln\u00e9. Nab\u00edz\u00ed se pou\u017e\u00edt bonmot, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b to asi bylo d\u016fvodem k tomu, \u017ee byl tento n\u00e1vrh Sn\u011bmovnou zam\u00edtnut. Pokud ov\u0161em budou po volb\u00e1ch spory o to, co je a nen\u00ed volebn\u00ed koalice, rozhodovat Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed soud pop\u0159. \u00dastavn\u00ed soud, u\u017e to, po v\u0161ech peripeti\u00edch, kter\u00e9 jsme se soudn\u00edmi z\u00e1sahy do na\u0161\u00ed volebn\u00ed legislativy a volebn\u00ed praxe ji\u017e za\u017eili, zas a\u017e tak velk\u00e1 legrace nebude\u2026<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><strong>Mnoh\u00e1 problematick\u00e1 m\u00edsta vyz\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdm zm\u011bn\u00e1m obsahuj\u00ed i volebn\u00ed z\u00e1kony upravuj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my voleb do Sen\u00e1tu, krajsk\u00fdch \u010di (tam hlavn\u011b) obecn\u00edch zastupitelstev. Ale o tom a\u017e n\u011bkdy p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b\u2026<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div>Tom\u00e1\u0161 Dole\u017eal<\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00danorov\u00fd n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu, kter\u00fd zru\u0161il z\u00e1sadn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1sti Z\u00e1kona o volb\u00e1ch do Parlamentu upravuj\u00edc\u00ed proces&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[33,29,57,335,27],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1626\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}