{"id":16087,"date":"2022-10-02T06:39:51","date_gmt":"2022-10-02T04:39:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=16087"},"modified":"2022-10-02T06:39:51","modified_gmt":"2022-10-02T04:39:51","slug":"rusko-a-izrael-anexe-a-mezinarodni-pravo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/10\/02\/rusko-a-izrael-anexe-a-mezinarodni-pravo\/","title":{"rendered":"Rusko a Izrael: Anexe a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><span>Rusko pr\u00e1v\u011b anektovalo \u010dty\u0159i provincie d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za sou\u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny.\u00a0Anektov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b jin\u00e9 zem\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00e1lkou je podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va nez\u00e1konn\u00e9\u2026 nebo to tak \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ale pokud se obyvatel\u00e9 takov\u00e9 zem\u011b rozhodnou v referendu o odtr\u017een\u00ed a vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti, ne\u017e budou anektov\u00e1ni jinou zem\u00ed, jako to, co se stalo s Krymem v roce 2014 a nyn\u00ed i \u010dty\u0159mi v\u00fdchodn\u00edmi provinciemi, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ukrajiny, znamen\u00e1 to anexi pr\u00e1vn\u00ed? Mo\u017en\u00e1.\u00a0V\u0161e z\u00e1vis\u00ed na tom, zda m\u011bli obyvatel\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na odtr\u017een\u00ed a zda bylo referendum \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b provedeno.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Izrael se t\u00e9to kontroverzi vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 t\u00edm, \u017ee roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na zemi, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e ji anektuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Krym a \u010dty\u0159i provincie<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V b\u0159eznu 2014 Rusko anektovalo Krymsk\u00fd poloostrov, kter\u00fd byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ukrajiny od roku 1991 a nyn\u00ed toto \u00fazem\u00ed spravuje jako dva feder\u00e1ln\u00ed celky \u2014\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Republic_of_Crimea\"><span>Krymsk\u00e1 republika<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federal_cities_of_Russia\"><span>feder\u00e1ln\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0m\u011bsto\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sevastopol\"><span>Sevastopol<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Rusko odm\u00edt\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee se jednalo o anexi a pova\u017euje to za p\u0159istoupen\u00ed k Rusku a pova\u017euje to za\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Secession\"><span>odtr\u017een\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0v d\u016fsledku\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irredentism\"><span>iredentismu<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0.\u00a0Term\u00edn, kter\u00fd se v Rusku \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k popisu t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, je \u201eznovusjednocen\u00ed\u201c, kter\u00fd zd\u016fraz\u0148uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee Krym byl sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v letech 1783 a\u017e 1917 a sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Rusk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 federativn\u00ed socialistick\u00e9 republiky v letech 1921 a\u017e 1954. Jen\u00a0 u m\u00e1lo st\u00e1t\u016f jde rozpoznat tento pohled.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ukrajina pova\u017euje Krym a Sevastopol za sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee Krym se li\u0161\u00ed od \u010dty\u0159 provinci\u00ed v tom, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201eV nov\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Constitution_of_Ukraine\"><span>\u00fastav\u011b Ukrajiny<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0byl Krym prohl\u00e1\u0161en za \u201eAutonomn\u00ed republiku Krym\u201c, ale tak\u00e9 za \u201eneodd\u011blitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny\u201c.\u00a0Jako \u201eautonomn\u00ed republika\u201c by se dalo tvrdit, \u017ee m\u011bla pr\u00e1vo se odtrhnout, co\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Iredentismus je doktr\u00edna politick\u00fdch nebo lidov\u00fdch hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e1 si n\u00e1rokuj\u00ed a sna\u017e\u00ed se obsadit (obvykle jm\u00e9nem n\u00e1roda sv\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f) \u00fazem\u00ed pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za \u201eztracen\u00e9\u201c (nebo \u201enevykoupen\u00e9\u201c) pro n\u00e1rod, na z\u00e1klad\u011b historie nebo legendy.\u00a0Rozsah je p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostn\u011b p\u0159edm\u011btem spor\u016f o podkladov\u00fdch tvrzen\u00edch o expanzionismu, a to kv\u016fli nejasnostem v historick\u00fdch hranic\u00edch domn\u011bl\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f nebo lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tento term\u00edn tak\u00e9 \u010dasto odkazuje na revan\u0161ismus, a\u010dkoli rozd\u00edl mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma je podle Merriam-Webstera v tom, \u017ee revan\u0161ismus znamen\u00e1 znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ztracen\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, zat\u00edmco iredentismus je op\u011btovn\u00e9 sjednocen\u00ed politicky nebo etnicky vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed spolu s populac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee v obou p\u0159\u00edpadech se separatistick\u00e9 regiony v referendech rozhodly vyhl\u00e1sit nez\u00e1vislost p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e budou anektov\u00e1ny Ruskem.\u00a0Ukrajina samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee tyto regiony nem\u011bly pr\u00e1vo na odtr\u017een\u00ed a ka\u017ed\u00e9 referendum bylo \u00fadajn\u011b \u201ep\u0159edst\u00edran\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159esto je dr\u017een\u00ed, jak se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, 9\/10 z\u00e1kona a Rusko je v tuto chv\u00edli jasn\u011b \u201ev dr\u017een\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem odtr\u017een\u00ed je vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti Kosova v roce 2008. Kosovo neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1 Srbsko a 76 ze 193 zem\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Uvid\u00ed se, kolik zem\u00ed uzn\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i provincie a Krym jako rusk\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 1981 Izrael schv\u00e1lil Golansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il izraelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny, dobyt\u00e9 na S\u00fdrii v roce 1967. A\u010dkoli z\u00e1kon tento term\u00edn nepou\u017e\u00edval, byl mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00edm pova\u017eov\u00e1n za \u201eanektaci\u201c Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>USA uznaly Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny jako sou\u010d\u00e1st Izraele prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Presidential_proclamation\"><span>prezidentsk\u00e9 proklamace<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0podepsan\u00e9 prezidentem Trumpem 25. b\u0159ezna 2019. Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed citovalo \u201eagresivn\u00ed \u010diny\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\"><span>\u00cdr\u00e1nu<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u00a0a teroristick\u00fdch skupin, v\u010detn\u011b Hizball\u00e1hu v ji\u017en\u00ed S\u00fdrii\u201c jako ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby si Izrael zachoval suverenitu nad Golansk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161iny, proto\u017ee Izrael se \u201epot\u0159ebuje chr\u00e1nit p\u0159ed S\u00fdri\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi hrozbami\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Mike Pompeo\u00a0p\u0159i vyvracen\u00ed domn\u011bl\u00e9ho dvoj\u00edho metru p\u0159i uzn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed anexe Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in Izraelem, ale uvalen\u00ed sankc\u00ed na Rusko za\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation\"><span>anexi Krymu v roce 2014<\/span><\/a><span> , \u0159ekl: \u201eTo, co prezident ud\u011blal s Golansk\u00fdmi v\u00fd\u0161inami v situace nezbytn\u00e9 pro ochranu izraelsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu je uznat realitu na zemi a bezpe\u010dnost.\u00a0 Je to tak a je to tak jednoduch\u00e9.&#8220; Mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed den po prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee \u201eIzrael z\u00edskal kontrolu nad Golanami d\u00edky sv\u00e9 legitimn\u00ed reakci na syrskou agresi zam\u011b\u0159enou na zni\u010den\u00ed Izraele\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Anonymn\u00ed izraelsk\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel zopakoval Netanjahuova tvrzen\u00ed a \u0159ekl\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/world\/2019\/03\/26\/israel-trumps-golan-heights-decision-is-no-brainer-occupying-territory-gained-defensive-war-is-justifiable\/?noredirect=on\"><span>Washington Post<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, \u017ee uzn\u00e1n\u00ed Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in bylo opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9, proto\u017ee okupovan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed bylo z\u00edsk\u00e1no v \u201eobrann\u00e9 v\u00e1lce\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><sup>&#8222;<\/sup>\u00a0Pro Izrael je Trumpovo rozhodnut\u00ed o Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch zbyte\u010dn\u00e9: \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee okupace \u00fazem\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e9 v obrann\u00e9 v\u00e1lce je ospravedlniteln\u00e1&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>To je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v rozporu s rezoluc\u00ed Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN 242, kter\u00e1 za\u010dala preambul\u00ed \u201eZd\u016frazn\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edpustnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed v\u00e1lkou\u2026\u201c a je to tak spr\u00e1vn\u011b.\u00a0Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo ponechat si \u00fazem\u00ed obsazen\u00e9 v obrann\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu Res 242 nepo\u017eaduje, aby Izrael vr\u00e1til ve\u0161kerou dobytou zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Judea a Sama\u0159\u00ed alias, Z\u00e1padn\u00ed b\u0159eh Jord\u00e1nu<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Novin\u00e1\u0159i a politici \u010dasto mluv\u00ed o touze Izraele anektovat Judeu a Sama\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0M\u00fdl\u00ed se v tom, proto\u017ee to, o \u010dem Izrael mluv\u00ed, je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na tyto zem\u011b stejn\u011b, jako to ud\u011blal z\u00e1kon o Golansk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161in\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed je velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee Judea a Sama\u0159\u00ed nejsou zem\u00ed jin\u00e9 zem\u011b.\u00a0V\u0161e, co je nutn\u00e9, je roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it izraelsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ve skute\u010dnosti roz\u0161i\u0159uje izraelskou suverenitu na takov\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/documents\/atrocity-crimes\/Doc.33_GC-IV-EN.pdf\"><strong><span>\u010ctvrt\u00e1 \u017eenevsk\u00e1 konvence<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span>\u00a0(FGC) (1949) m\u00e1 za c\u00edl chr\u00e1nit civilisty v dob\u011b v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span>\u010cl\u00e1nek 49.<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo hromadn\u00e9 n\u00e1siln\u00e9 p\u0159esuny, jako\u017e i deportace chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch osob z okupovan\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed okupa\u010dn\u00ed mocnosti nebo na \u00fazem\u00ed jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 zem\u011b, okupovan\u00e9 i neokupovan\u00e9, jsou zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny bez ohledu na jejich motiv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>-Okupa\u010dn\u00ed mocnost nebude deportovat ani p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt \u010d\u00e1sti vlastn\u00edho civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva na \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 okupuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Podle tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku pova\u017euje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spole\u010denstv\u00ed izraelsk\u00e9 osady za neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee Izrael na tato \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159esouv\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 populace.\u00a0To v\u0161ak nebere v \u00favahu skute\u010dnost, \u017ee zahrnuje \u201en\u00e1siln\u00e9 p\u0159evody\u201c.\u00a0Izrael nikoho nep\u0159ev\u00e1d\u00ed n\u00e1siln\u011b ani jinak.\u00a0Osidlovac\u00ed hnut\u00ed je zcela dobrovoln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Stejn\u011b tak relevantn\u00ed je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee FGC se na tyto zem\u011b nevztahuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Krom\u011b ustanoven\u00ed, kter\u00e1 budou provedena v dob\u011b m\u00edru, se tato \u00famluva vztahuje na v\u0161echny p\u0159\u00edpady vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00e1lky nebo jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho ozbrojen\u00e9ho konfliktu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee nastat <\/span><strong><span>mezi dv\u011bma nebo v\u00edce Vysok\u00fdmi smluvn\u00edmi stranami<\/span><\/strong><span>\u00a0, i kdy\u017e st\u00e1t v\u00e1lku jeden z nich neuzn\u00e1v\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee jord\u00e1nsk\u00e1 anexe t\u011bchto zem\u00ed byla uzn\u00e1na pouze 3 zem\u011bmi, tyto zem\u011b nejsou zem\u011bmi Vysok\u00e9 smluvn\u00ed strany.\u00a0Z tohoto d\u016fvodu Izrael smlouvu neratifikoval, a proto j\u00ed nen\u00ed v\u00e1z\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>P\u0159esto Izrael souhlasil s dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm humanit\u00e1rn\u00edch ustanoven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9m<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>27. \u010dervna 1967 Izrael roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il obecn\u00ed hranice\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/West_Jerusalem\"><span>Z\u00e1padn\u00edho Jeruzal\u00e9ma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0tak, aby zahrnovala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 km\u00a0<\/span><sup><span>2<\/span><\/sup><span>\u00a0(27,0 mil \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch) \u00fazem\u00ed Z\u00e1padn\u00edho b\u0159ehu, dnes ozna\u010dovan\u00e9ho jako\u00a0<\/span><em><span>V\u00fdchodn\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9m.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span>30. \u010dervence 1980\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Knesset\"><span>Kneset<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0ofici\u00e1ln\u011b schv\u00e1lil Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd m\u011bsto nazval \u00fapln\u00fdm a sjednocen\u00fdm hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>A\u010dkoli z\u00e1kon tento term\u00edn nepou\u017e\u00edval, izraelsk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud vylo\u017eil z\u00e1kon jako \u00fa\u010dinnou anexi v\u00fdchodn\u00edho Jeruzal\u00e9ma. RB OSN odsoudila pokus o zm\u011bnu statutu na Jeruzal\u00e9m a rozhodla o \u201eneplatnosti z\u00e1kona\u201c v\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/unscr.com\/en\/resolutions\/478\"><span>rezoluci RB OSN 478<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>\u201e\u2026v\u0161echna legislativn\u00ed a administrativn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed a kroky p\u0159ijat\u00e9 Izraelem, okupa\u010dn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed za c\u00edl zm\u011bnit charakter a status Svat\u00e9ho m\u011bsta\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jerusalem\"><span>Jeruzal\u00e9ma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed platnost a p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrub\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fourth_Geneva_Convention\"><span>\u010dtvrt\u00e9 \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Je t\u0159eba poznamenat, \u017ee Rada bezpe\u010dnosti nen\u00ed soudem a toto usnesen\u00ed je pouze doporu\u010den\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>V roce 1995 Kongres p\u0159ijal\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.congress.gov\/bill\/104th-congress\/senate-bill\/1322\"><span>z\u00e1kon o velvyslanectv\u00ed Jeruzal\u00e9ma<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0, kter\u00fd tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>(1)<\/strong> <\/span>Jeruzal\u00e9m z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nerozd\u011blen\u00fdm m\u011bstem, ve kter\u00e9m jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bna pr\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 skupiny;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>(2)<\/strong><\/span> Jeruzal\u00e9m bude uzn\u00e1n za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto St\u00e1tu Izrael;\u00a0a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><strong>(3)<\/strong> <\/span>Velvyslanectv\u00ed USA v Izraeli bude z\u0159\u00edzeno v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tento akt pro\u0161el Kongresem drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inou obou stran a byl znovu potvrzen jednomysln\u00fdm hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm Sen\u00e1tu jen o \u0161est m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f pozd\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tohoto z\u00e1kona prezident Trump dne 6. prosince 2020 uznal Jeruzal\u00e9m za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Izraele.\u00a0Nicm\u00e9n\u011b dodal:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u201eNezauj\u00edm\u00e1me stanovisko k \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m kone\u010dn\u00e9ho statusu, v\u010detn\u011b konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch hranic izraelsk\u00e9 suverenity v Jeruzal\u00e9m\u011b nebo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed sporn\u00fdch hranic.\u00a0Tyto ot\u00e1zky jsou na z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch.&#8220;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span>Kongres to nestanovil.\u00a0Ve skute\u010dnosti se odkazovalo na Jeruzal\u00e9m jako na nerozd\u011blen\u00e9 m\u011bsto, a to bylo 15 let pot\u00e9, co Izrael p\u0159ijal Jeruzal\u00e9msk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il hranice Jeruzal\u00e9ma mimo jin\u00e9 i na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st.\u00a0Trumpova v\u00fdhrada tedy byla nevy\u017e\u00e1dan\u00e1, alespo\u0148 ze strany Kongresu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/libguides.uchastings.edu\/international-law\/sources\"><span>Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr (ICJ)<\/span><\/a><span>\u00a0identifikuje prameny mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va ve statutu ICJ.\u00a0Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f mezi nimi nen\u00ed, ale je\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/global-issues\/international-law-and-justice\"><span>f\u00f3rem pro p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed mnohostrann\u00fdch smluv.\u00a0<\/span><\/a><span>Mnoho mnohostrann\u00fdch smluv je ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159ijato Valn\u00fdm shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm a n\u00e1sledn\u011b otev\u0159eno k podpisu a ratifikaci.\u00a0Tyto smlouvy jsou v\u0161ak z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 pouze pro strany, kter\u00e9 je podep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span>Tolik k mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu pr\u00e1vu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Rusko pr\u00e1v\u011b anektovalo \u010dty\u0159i provincie d\u0159\u00edve pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za sou\u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny.\u00a0Anektov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b jin\u00e9 zem\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e9 v\u00e1lkou&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":16088,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,107,57,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16087"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16087"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16087\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16088"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16087"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16087"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16087"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}