{"id":15822,"date":"2022-09-28T09:34:56","date_gmt":"2022-09-28T07:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=15822"},"modified":"2022-09-28T09:34:56","modified_gmt":"2022-09-28T07:34:56","slug":"ukrajinska-krize-oslabila-pozici-francie-a-nemecka-v-eu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/09\/28\/ukrajinska-krize-oslabila-pozici-francie-a-nemecka-v-eu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrajinsk\u00e1 krize oslabila pozici Francie a N\u011bmecka v EU"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div>\n<p><strong>Posledn\u00edch 30 let hovo\u0159ily Berl\u00edn a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e o nutnosti sn\u00ed\u017eit svou z\u00e1vislost na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech z hlediska vojensk\u00e9 obrany, ale nepodnikly k tomu praktick\u00e9 kroky, proto\u017ee nec\u00edt\u00ed skute\u010dnou hrozbu, p\u00ed\u0161e Politico .\u00a0Ukrajinsk\u00e1 krize byla pro p\u0159edstavitele t\u011bchto dvou zem\u00ed zkou\u0161kou politick\u00e9 v\u016fle, ale ideologick\u00e1 agenda krize byla zachycena Polskem a pobaltsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed noviny.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>30 let pot\u00e9, co hr\u016fzy balk\u00e1nsk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek odhalily neschopnost z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se s konfliktem ve sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b, sou\u010dasn\u00e1 situace na Ukrajin\u011b ukazuje, jak m\u00e1lo se od t\u00e9 doby zm\u011bnilo, p\u00ed\u0161e Politico.\u00a0Vojensko-obrann\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost Evropy na Washingtonu se nezmen\u0161ila a roky tr\u00fdzniv\u00e9ho p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o ne\u00fasp\u011bchu vyvrcholily prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi Emmanuela Macrona o nutnosti \u201estrategick\u00e9 autonomie\u201c.\u00a0R\u00e9torick\u00e1 byla tak\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed Francie a N\u011bmecka o nemo\u017enosti spol\u00e9hat se na Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty od doby, kdy Donald Trump vydal heslo \u201eAmerika na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Publikace cituje z\u00e1bavn\u00e9 statistiky Kielsk\u00e9ho institutu pro sv\u011btovou ekonomiku.\u00a0Podle t\u011bchto \u00fadaj\u016f Francie a N\u011bmecko p\u0159id\u011blily Ukrajin\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b prost\u0159edk\u016f ne\u017e jejich ekonomicky m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed spojenci;\u00a0nap\u0159\u00edklad Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e sl\u00edbila p\u0159id\u011blit 233 milion\u016f EUR \u2013 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Estonsko, a Berl\u00edn \u2013 1,2 miliardy EUR, co\u017e je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e Polsko;\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zase p\u0159isl\u00edbily Kyjevu nejm\u00e9n\u011b 25 miliard eur a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed 4 miliardy eur.Takov\u00e1to paradoxn\u00ed situace vzhledem k vedouc\u00edm pozic\u00edm Francouz\u016f a N\u011bmc\u016f v r\u00e1mci EU je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u011bc\u00ed politick\u00e9 v\u016fle , ne pen\u00edze;\u00a0ob\u011b zem\u011b opakovan\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily neochotu st\u00e1t se stranou konfliktu a ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed se, \u017ee budou do n\u011bj zata\u017eeny.\u00a0Nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, co by se te\u010f stalo s Kyjevem, kdyby Joe Biden nebyl p\u0159ipraven podpo\u0159it Ukrajinu v tak velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, p\u00ed\u0161e autor materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bmeck\u00e1 ministryn\u011b obrany Christine Lambrechtov\u00e1 uznala, \u017ee situace je nep\u0159ijateln\u00e1.\u00a0\u0158ekla: \u201e\u00a0<em>N\u011bmecko a Evropan\u00e9 z\u00e1visej\u00ed na m\u00edrov\u00e9m stavu v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00fd nemohou sami zaru\u010dit,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0poznamenala, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se dnes postupn\u011b obracej\u00ed k tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9 oblasti a mo\u017en\u00e1 ji\u017e nebudou schopny chr\u00e1nit Evropu, jako tomu bylo nap\u0159. star\u00e9 \u010dasy, cituje Politico.\u00a0N\u011bmci maj\u00ed dlouhou historii uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed na toto t\u00e9ma: v 90. letech panoval n\u00e1zor, \u017ee nelze v\u017edy spol\u00e9hat na Ameri\u010dany, Angela Merkelov\u00e1 se ke stejn\u00e9 my\u0161lence vr\u00e1tila p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, ale bez skute\u010dnou hrozbou, tyto rozhovory k ni\u010demu nevedly.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fdval\u00e1 odpov\u011bdn\u00e1 francouzsk\u00e1 ministryn\u011b pro evropsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti Nathalie Loiseauov\u00e1 poznamenala, \u017ee Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e a Berl\u00edn by m\u011bly koordinovat vojensk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed a za\u010d\u00edt sjednocovat vybaven\u00ed a prost\u0159edky, a\u017e N\u011bmci dokon\u010d\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou modernizaci ozbrojen\u00fdch sil, uv\u00e1d\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek.\u00a0Ne v\u0161echny takov\u00e9 iniciativy v\u0161ak m\u011bly pozitivn\u00ed historii: nap\u0159\u00edklad jeden z nejaktivn\u011bji inzerovan\u00fdch projekt\u016f \u2013 francouzsko-n\u011bmecko-\u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fd program pro vytvo\u0159en\u00ed proudov\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek (FCAS) \u2013 se dlouho pot\u00e1cel v pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch.\u00a0Ale ani uvnit\u0159 Francie nepanuje jednota n\u00e1zor\u016f: odborn\u00edk na obranu z think-tanku IRSEM Pierre Haroche je p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee N\u011bmecko nem\u00e1 jasnou strategii a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e se na ni nem\u016f\u017ee v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch obrany spolehnout \u2013 tento n\u00e1zor zazn\u011bl po rozhodnut\u00ed Berl\u00edna o n\u00e1kupu Americk\u00e9 st\u00edhac\u00ed bombard\u00e9ry na pozad\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017e\u00ed s vytvo\u0159en\u00edm eurofighter\u016f.<em>Prioritou N\u011bmecka nen\u00ed vybudovat evropskou obranu, ale p\u0159ebudovat rozpadaj\u00edc\u00ed se arm\u00e1du.\u00a0Chce obnovit sv\u016fj status \u201epiln\u00e9 studentky\u201c v NATO<\/em>\u00a0,\u201c cituje Arosha Politico.<\/p>\n<p>N\u011bmecko zase obvinilo p\u0159edstavitele francouzsk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu, \u017ee si p\u0159i vojensk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci hraj\u00ed s jedn\u00edm c\u00edlem.\u00a0N\u011bmecko nav\u00edc podle Lambrechta chce, aby se s n\u00edm zach\u00e1zelo jako s rovn\u00fdm, a chce m\u00edt tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstup k dat\u016fm francouzsk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.\u00a0Z\u00e1rove\u0148 uznala klam z\u00e1kazu v\u00fdvozu n\u011bm\u010diny nebo zbran\u00ed vyvinut\u00fdch spole\u010dn\u011b s N\u011bmci Berl\u00ednem, uv\u00e1d\u00ed materi\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Na celoevropsk\u00e9 \u00farovni se Bruselu ve sjednocov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u00ed bloku v r\u00e1mci obrann\u00fdch projekt\u016f v\u00e1\u017en\u011b neda\u0159\u00ed.\u00a0Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm bodem diskus\u00ed se stala ot\u00e1zka, zda \u010dlenov\u00e9 EU nakupuj\u00ed zbran\u011b americk\u00e9 nebo evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdroby.\u00a0Podle \u0161\u00e9fa evropsk\u00e9 diplomacie Josepa Borrella dov\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty asi 60 % vybaven\u00ed a prost\u0159edk\u016f zven\u010d\u00ed.\u00a0N\u00e1vrh p\u0159eorientovat se na \u201edom\u00e1c\u00ed\u201c projekt st\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed odborn\u00edci a vybran\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed relativn\u011b mal\u00e9: Evropsk\u00e1 komise navrhuje vy\u010dlenit na spole\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1kupy zbran\u00ed pouze 500 milion\u016f eur b\u011bhem dvou let, co\u017e nebude sta\u010dit k vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed obrann\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Politico.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed neshody mezi zem\u011bmi spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed v pravidlech pro obrann\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed dce\u0159in\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti mimo EU nebo kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnick\u00e9 struktury nebo pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed high-tech komponenty poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z USA nebo Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.\u00a0Diplomat\u00e9 hl\u00e1s\u00ed, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad Francie se k t\u011bmto ot\u00e1zk\u00e1m stav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bji ne\u017e It\u00e1lie nebo \u0160v\u00e9dsko.\u00a0Hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je ale kvalita fin\u00e1ln\u00edho produktu \u2013 zem\u011b EU necht\u011bj\u00ed pro p\u0159edstavu \u201ekupovat evropsk\u00e9\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Zd\u00e1lo se, \u017ee vyost\u0159en\u00ed konfliktu na Ukrajin\u011b by mohlo Francii a N\u011bmecku pomoci zbavit se rozd\u00edl\u016f a st\u00e1t se jak\u00fdmsi ideologick\u00fdm motorem EU \u2013 ale nakonec se n\u00e1zorov\u00e9ho kormidla chopilo Polsko a pobaltsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 zachytily sou\u010dasnou agendu , zd\u016fraz\u0148uje autor. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e podle \u0159ady expert\u016f zvolila \u0161patnou strategii: Macron se sna\u017eil hr\u00e1t roli \u201evyrovn\u00e1vac\u00ed s\u00edly\u201c, prost\u0159edn\u00edka v situaci kolem Ukrajiny, ale ve skute\u010dnosti to bylo jeho partnery vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako slabost, vzbuzovalo to ned\u016fv\u011bru a jen pos\u00edlilo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed o pot\u0159eb\u011b ochrany p\u0159ed Washingtonem, shrnuje vyd\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"span-copy\"><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n<div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Posledn\u00edch 30 let hovo\u0159ily Berl\u00edn a Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e o nutnosti sn\u00ed\u017eit svou z\u00e1vislost na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":12948,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,41,130,84,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15822"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15822"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15822\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15823,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15822\/revisions\/15823"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12948"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}