{"id":15001,"date":"2022-09-13T04:50:19","date_gmt":"2022-09-13T02:50:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=15001"},"modified":"2022-09-13T04:50:19","modified_gmt":"2022-09-13T02:50:19","slug":"nova-velka-ofenziva-v-severni-syrii-valka-jiz-zuri-a-eu-z-toho-tezi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/09\/13\/nova-velka-ofenziva-v-severni-syrii-valka-jiz-zuri-a-eu-z-toho-tezi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 velk\u00e1 ofenziva v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii? V\u00e1lka ji\u017e zu\u0159\u00ed \u2013 a EU z toho t\u011b\u017e\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rania Eta, Zozan Zedan, Dilan Ezedin a Diyana Elo \u2013 to jsou jm\u00e9na \u010dty\u0159 d\u00edvek, kter\u00e9 byly zabity 18. srpna 2022 dronov\u00fdm \u00fatokem Turecka na d\u00edv\u010d\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centrum na severov\u00fdchod\u011b S\u00fdrie sponzorovan\u00e9 OSN.\u00a0V dob\u011b n\u00e1letu hr\u00e1li na dvo\u0159e vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edho st\u0159ediska volejbal.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00edch jeden\u00e1ct d\u00edvek utrp\u011blo zran\u011bn\u00ed.\u00a0Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centrum je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ak\u010dn\u00edho pl\u00e1nu OSN proti n\u00e1boru d\u011bt\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00edch 18 let.\u00a0D\u0159\u00edve byly \u010dty\u0159i zavra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 d\u00edvky sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u017eensk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch jednotek (YPJ), ale bez zapojen\u00ed do bojov\u00fdch operac\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>[1]<\/span><\/a>Tento \u00fatok je jedn\u00edm z cel\u00e9 \u0159ady d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdch a dronov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, kter\u00e9 zes\u00edlily od chv\u00edle, kdy se tureck\u00fd prezident Erdogan setkal se sv\u00fdmi prot\u011bj\u0161ky Putinem a Raisi v Teher\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzr\u016fstaj\u00ed leteck\u00e9 \u00fatoky a d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 \u00fatoky<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Teprve v kv\u011btnu 2022 tureck\u00fd prezident Erdogan ozn\u00e1mil dal\u0161\u00ed vojenskou ofenzivu (v rozporu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem) v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii;\u00a0ofenziva proti kurdsk\u00fdm bojovn\u00edk\u016fm ve m\u011bstech Tal Rifaat a Manbid\u017e kontrolovan\u00fdch YPG, kte\u0159\u00ed byli prohl\u00e1\u0161eni za \u201eteroristy\u201c, je\u0161t\u011b neprob\u011bhla.\u00a0<\/span>[2]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Na sch\u016fzce v Teher\u00e1nu se nenaplnila o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1 podpora Ruska a \u00cdr\u00e1nu pro dal\u0161\u00ed velkou ofenzivu \u2013 USA rovn\u011b\u017e vyj\u00e1d\u0159ily kritiku a ofici\u00e1ln\u011b vyzvaly k deeskalaci.\u00a0<\/span>[3]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Ani ze S\u00fdrie nejsou \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky podpory \u2013 na sch\u016fzce syrsk\u00e9ho a rusk\u00e9ho ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed v polovin\u011b srpna oba odm\u00edtli p\u0159\u00edpadnou tureckou vojenskou invazi do severn\u00ed S\u00fdrie.\u00a0<\/span>[4]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0K \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 velk\u00e9 ofenziv\u011b zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nedo\u0161lo, ale v\u00e1lka ji\u017e zu\u0159ila a n\u00e1let\u016f p\u0159ib\u00fdvalo.\u00a0Bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed severn\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku den po sch\u016fzce v Teher\u00e1nu by se m\u011blo st\u00e1le p\u0159ipom\u00ednat \u2013 20. \u010dervence 2022 zahynulo p\u0159i leteck\u00fdch n\u00e1letech v letovisku Barakh osm ir\u00e1ck\u00fdch turist\u016f, z toho dv\u011b d\u011bti.\u00a0<\/span>[5]<\/span><\/a>Podle Rojavsk\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho centra bylo v roce 2022 zat\u00edm zaznamen\u00e1no celkem 75 n\u00e1let\u016f bojov\u00fdch dron\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>[6]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Od ledna 2022 do\u0161lo na \u00fazem\u00ed kurdsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy k v\u00edce ne\u017e 3700 \u00fatok\u016fm \u2013 z toho 1420 od \u010dervna.\u00a0<\/span>[7]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Sotva uplyne den bez leteck\u00e9ho nebo d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9ho \u00fatoku.\u00a0D\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 \u00fatoky jsou nejen smrt\u00edc\u00ed pro lidi na m\u00edst\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 opakovan\u011b vedou k masivn\u00ed destrukci.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 palb\u011b 12. srpna 2022, kter\u00e1 vyvolala lesn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r v Colem\u00eargu tureckou arm\u00e1dou,\u00a0 pokus\u016fm obyvatel o jeho uha\u0161en\u00ed arm\u00e1da zabr\u00e1nila. <\/span>[8.]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee tureck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da zintenziv\u0148uje v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed bezpilotn\u00edmi letouny a d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed, aby st\u00e1le dos\u00e1hla sv\u00e9ho mysliteln\u00e9ho c\u00edle: vys\u00eddlen\u00ed obyvatelstva za \u00fa\u010delem vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00f3ny pod\u00e9l tureck\u00fdch hranic a zni\u010den\u00ed kurdsk\u00e9 samospr\u00e1vy.\u00a0V Turecku se nav\u00edc bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed volby a inflace dos\u00e1hla v \u010dervenci 2022 ne\u00fanosn\u00fdch 79,6 %.\u00a0Spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 ceny vzrostly nejv\u00edce v odv\u011btv\u00ed dopravy (+119 %) a u potravin a nealkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f (+95 %).\u00a0<\/span>[9]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Erdogan vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v\u00e1lku na severu S\u00fdrie a severn\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku k odveden\u00ed pozornosti od bez\u00fat\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 situace p\u0159ed nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edmi volbami v Turecku a k nasm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9ho odporu rasistick\u00fdm a nacionalistick\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem na syrsk\u00e9 uprchl\u00edky a Kurdy.<\/span><\/p>\n

30 km hlubok\u00e1 \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00f3na\u201c?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu 2022 tureck\u00fd prezident znovu potvrdil sv\u016fj pl\u00e1n na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed takzvan\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed z\u00f3ny \u0161irok\u00e9 30 km pod\u00e9l tureck\u00e9 hranice se severn\u00ed S\u00fdri\u00ed.\u00a0Tento pl\u00e1n p\u0159edstavil OSN v roce 2019.\u00a0Tam chce usadit 1 milion z 3,6 milionu syrsk\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v sou\u010dasnosti \u017eij\u00ed v Turecku.\u00a0<\/span>[10]<\/span><\/a>Dosud bylo z t\u00e9to oblasti podle Rojavsk\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho centra vys\u00eddleno v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 000 lid\u00ed \u2013 a tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina obyvatel.\u00a0Nahradilo je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stejn\u00fd po\u010det vnit\u0159n\u011b vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch osob z p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b arabsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed S\u00fdrie.\u00a0Podle zpr\u00e1vy Rojavsk\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho centra \u201ePodle organizace Afrin Human Rights Organization v roce 2020 bylo kolem 65 % osadn\u00edk\u016f rodinn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci milice SNA nebo \u010dlenov\u00e9 ISIS, kte\u0159\u00ed uprchli po por\u00e1\u017ece organizace.\u201c\u00a0<\/span>[11]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0To trv\u00e1 m\u00edsto v oblastech okupovan\u00fdch Tureckem, nap\u0159. v oblasti Afrin \u2013 jen v obdob\u00ed 2018\u20132021 zde vzniklo 32 vesnic.\u00a0<\/span>[12]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

K vys\u00eddlov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva nav\u00edc nep\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed jen vojensk\u00e9 \u00fatoky \u2013 doch\u00e1z\u00ed i k ni\u010den\u00ed z\u00e1kladny \u017eivota, nap\u0159\u00edklad m\u00fdcen\u00edm olivovn\u00edk\u016f.\u00a0Podle Rojavsk\u00e9ho informa\u010dn\u00edho centra skupiny SNA pok\u00e1cely v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 688 strom\u016f v oblastech ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdch Tureckem.\u00a0Informa\u010dn\u00ed centrum tak\u00e9 obdr\u017eelo zpr\u00e1vy o nejm\u00e9n\u011b 19 p\u0159\u00edpadech nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 konfiskace a prodeje majetku, v\u010detn\u011b dom\u016f, prodan\u00e9ho vnit\u0159n\u011b p\u0159es\u00eddlen\u00fdm osob\u00e1m z region\u016f Homs a Dama\u0161ek.\u00a0Existenci m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed vysok\u00e9 dan\u011b uvalen\u00e9 na zem\u011bd\u011blskou produkci, jako je 50% da\u0148 z produkce oliv.\u00a0<\/span>[13]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Zbran\u011b z EU<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V letech 2017\u20132021 dov\u00e1\u017eely tureck\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 dovozy hlavn\u011b z It\u00e1lie (30 %), USA (22 %) a \u0160pan\u011blska (21 %).\u00a0<\/span>[14]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0V obdob\u00ed 2015-2020 dodala It\u00e1lie Turecku 57 \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch vrtuln\u00edk\u016f A-129C Mangusta, kter\u00e9 tam podle zpr\u00e1v ze severn\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tureck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da.\u00a0<\/span>[15]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Velkou roli v tureck\u00e9m zbrojn\u00edm arzen\u00e1lu hraj\u00ed tak\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky v\u00fdzbroje z N\u011bmecka – nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdvozci zbran\u00ed do Turecka byly v posledn\u00edch 40 letech USA, N\u011bmecko a Francie.\u00a0<\/span>[16]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V letech 2018 a 2019 bylo Turecko hlavn\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed zem\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zbran\u00ed \u2013 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etina ve\u0161ker\u00e9ho zbrojen\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159ovala do Bosporu v hodnot\u011b 242,2 milionu EUR v roce 2018 a p\u016fsobiv\u00fdch 344,6 milionu EUR v roce 2019.\u00a0V roce 2020 N\u011bmecko vydalo 68 individu\u00e1ln\u00edch licenc\u00ed v hodnot\u011b 22,9 milionu EUR a v roce 2021 35 licenc\u00ed v celkov\u00e9 hodnot\u011b 11,1 milionu EUR.\u00a0<\/span>[17]<\/span><\/a>Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da rozhodla v roce 2016 o restriktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed exportn\u00ed politice pro Turecko a v roce 2019 \u2013 po t\u0159et\u00ed velk\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 ofenziv\u011b v severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed S\u00fdrii, kter\u00e1 poru\u0161ila mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, a rostouc\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Tureckem, Kyprem a \u0158eckem kv\u016fli nalezi\u0161t\u00edm ropn\u00e9ho plynu ve St\u0159edozemn\u00edm mo\u0159i – zavedla z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdvozu d\u011brav\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a.\u00a0\u201eZastaven\u00ed exportu\u201c m\u011blo zabr\u00e1nit dod\u00e1vce zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by Turecko mohlo pou\u017e\u00edt v syrsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lce \u2013 nyn\u00ed by se dod\u00e1valy hlavn\u011b zbran\u011b pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed sektor.\u00a0Jedn\u00e1 se p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm o dod\u00e1vky komponent\u016f ponorek schv\u00e1len\u00fdch v roce 2009, se kter\u00fdmi bude v Turecku ve spolupr\u00e1ci s ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems sestaveno \u0161est ponorek.\u00a0<\/span>[18]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b to ale kritizuje jak \u0159eck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da, tak m\u00edrov\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, proto\u017ee krom\u011b smrt\u00edc\u00edch vojensk\u00fdch aktivit v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii a severn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku Turecko obch\u00e1z\u00ed zbrojn\u00ed embargo v Libyi a do v\u00e1lky tam zasahuje mimo jin\u00e9 dod\u00e1vkami zbran\u00ed a h\u00e1d\u00e1 se s Kyprem a \u0158eckem o pr\u00e1va na ropn\u00e1 a plynov\u00e1 pole ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed \u2013 spor, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l p\u0159er\u016fst ve vojensk\u00fd konflikt.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed neomezil \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hromadn\u00e9 licence ani licence na reexport.\u00a0Ty pokra\u010duj\u00ed: V roce 2021 byly schv\u00e1leny t\u0159i \u017e\u00e1dosti o reexport z Francie na v\u00fdvoz do Turecka \u2013 pro elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a sledovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.\u00a0V roce 2021 bylo ud\u011bleno tak\u00e9 sedm hromadn\u00fdch v\u00fdvozn\u00edch licenc\u00ed – zde je jen v\u00e1gn\u011b uvedeno, \u017ee tyto mj.\u00a0v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f v Turecku.\u00a0Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b: Fragmenta\u010dn\u00ed hlavice pro protiletadlovou raketu Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM) od TDW a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed software a technologie, motory s p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdm spalov\u00e1n\u00edm od MTU Aero Engines a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed software a technologie a od DIEHL Aviation Gilching komponenty pro Airbus A400M \u2013 a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed technologie .\u00a0Turecko ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dev\u011bt dopravn\u00edch letadel A400M a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 dod\u00e1n\u00ed desetiny<\/span>\u2013 tento chl\u00e1pek se dostal do titulk\u016f pot\u00e9, co se v roce 2020 dostalo na ve\u0159ejnost, \u017ee toto letadlo pou\u017eilo Turecko k p\u0159eprav\u011b v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu, voj\u00e1k\u016f a \u017eold\u00e1k\u016f do zem\u011b ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky Libye, na kterou se vztahuje zbrojn\u00ed embargo OSN.\u00a0Airbus v\u0161ak ve stejn\u00e9 dob\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bl servis letadel v Turecku \u2013 a t\u00edm podporoval tureck\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159i prolomen\u00ed zbrojn\u00edho embarga.\u00a0<\/span>[19]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Turecko pokra\u010duje v posilov\u00e1n\u00ed vlastn\u00edho zbrojn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm transfer\u016f technologi\u00ed.\u00a0V\u00fdvoj v\u00fdroby dron\u016f v Turecku ukazuje, jak transfery technologi\u00ed z EU fungovaly jako technologick\u00fd odrazov\u00fd m\u016fstek k vzestupu k moci dron\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Napom\u00e1h\u00e1 n\u00e1r\u016fstu v\u00fdkonu dron\u016f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Komponenty z EU (Rakousko, Francie, N\u011bmecko a Nizozemsko) hraj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i konstrukci tureck\u00e9ho smrt\u00edc\u00edho dronov\u00e9ho exportn\u00edho hitu, dronu Bayraktar TB2.\u00a0<\/span>[20]<\/span><\/a>Tureck\u00fd zbrojn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl si nyn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 komponenty vyr\u00e1b\u011bt s\u00e1m.\u00a0Tepelnou baterii pro munici vyrobila spole\u010dnost SB Aerospatiale ve Francii.\u00a0Tato spole\u010dnost pat\u0159\u00ed do ASB Group, spole\u010dnosti Saft (dce\u0159in\u00e1 spole\u010dnost TotalEnergies) a Airbus.\u00a0Mezi komponenty z N\u011bmecka pat\u0159\u00ed munice;\u00a0tandemov\u00e9 hlavice a know-how byly exportov\u00e1ny z N\u011bmecka do Turecka: \u201eSpole\u010dnost zapojen\u00e1 do t\u00e9to v\u00fdm\u011bny byla TDW, kter\u00e1 je 100% vlastn\u011bna evropsk\u00fdm v\u00fdrobcem st\u0159el MBDA, kter\u00fd zase vlastn\u00ed francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fd Airbus, britsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m BAE a Ital Leonardo.“\u00a0<\/span>[21]<\/span><\/a>Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je senzorov\u00fd modul TB2, kter\u00fd je vybaven optick\u00fdmi a infra\u010derven\u00fdmi kamerami a laserovou technologi\u00ed, kterou Matthias Monroy popisuje jako oko dronu.\u00a0Mezit\u00edm jej dodal Hensoldt (modul ARGOS-II), ale senzorov\u00e9 moduly pro TB2 nyn\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tureck\u00e1 zbrojn\u00ed spole\u010dnost Aselsan.\u00a0<\/span>[22]<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Zastavte v\u00fdvoz zbran\u00ed do Turecka!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzva ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Baerbocka po z\u00e1kazu v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed do Turecka je v\u00edt\u00e1na, ale vzhledem k p\u0159edchoz\u00edm krok\u016fm sm\u011brem k \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c v\u00fdvozn\u00ed politice do Turecka je mo\u017en\u00e9 se pou\u010dit, jak d\u00e1t tomuto po\u017eadavku velk\u00fd d\u016fraz.\u00a0Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt licence na sb\u011br a zp\u011btn\u00fd v\u00fdvoz zahrnuty do z\u00e1kazu v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed.\u00a0K tomu je t\u0159eba zm\u011bnit dohody uzav\u0159en\u00e9 s evropsk\u00fdmi partnery.\u00a0Dokud se tak nestane, NSR nem\u016f\u017ee zav\u00e9st v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed.\u00a0Za druh\u00e9, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt k dispozici v\u00edce informac\u00ed o v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed \u2013 ale je jich st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b.\u00a0Od roku 2019 nap\u0159\u00edklad feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148uje m\u00e9n\u011b jednotliv\u00fdch podrobnost\u00ed o p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00edch: \u201eNelze vylou\u010dit, \u017ee\u00a0\u017ee dot\u010den\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti lze znovu identifikovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b zde uveden\u00fdch individu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed.\u00a0Podle p\u0159edpis\u016f spolkov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o statistik\u00e1ch proto nem\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt ke zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed za \u00fa\u010delem ochrany obchodn\u00edho a obchodn\u00edho tajemstv\u00ed\u201c.<\/span>[23] V<\/span><\/a>\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b mus\u00ed SRN obecn\u011b ustoupit od orientace, kdy je rozvoji vlastn\u00edho zbrojn\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu p\u0159ikl\u00e1d\u00e1n takov\u00fd v\u00fdznam, \u017ee je z\u00e1visl\u00fd na v\u00fdvozu zbran\u00ed a ochotn\u011b je dod\u00e1v\u00e1 do \u010detn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zapojen\u00fdch do v\u00e1lek – jak nap\u0159. SAE, Egypt, Turecko a Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozn\u00e1mky<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rojava: \u010cty\u0159i d\u011bti zabit\u00e9 p\u0159i \u00fatoku tureck\u00e9ho dronu,\u00a0<\/span>anfdeutsch.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 19. srpna 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tureck\u00fd Erdogan obnovuje na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v Teher\u00e1nu p\u0159\u00edpad operace v S\u00fdrii,\u00a0<\/span>aljazeera.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 19.7.2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi: tureck\u00e1 ohro\u017een\u00e1 invaze do severn\u00ed S\u00fdrie,\u00a0<\/span>reliefweb.int<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 2022-08-17, Department Press Briefing \u2013 18. srpna 2022,\u00a0<\/span>state.gov<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 2022-08-18<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Rusko-syrsk\u00e1 dohoda o odm\u00edtnut\u00ed tureck\u00e9 operace v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii,\u00a0<\/span>npasyria.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 23.8.\u00a0<\/span>2022<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1lety zabily osm turist\u016f v severn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku: Officials,\u00a0<\/span>aljazeera.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 20.7.2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Informa\u010dn\u00ed centrum Rojava,\u00a0<\/span>twitter.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 24.8.2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Elke Dangeleit: \u010cty\u0159i d\u00edvky zem\u0159ely: Turecko bombardovalo vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed centrum OSN v severn\u00ed S\u00fdrii,\u00a0<\/span>heise.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 21. srpna 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Colem\u00earg: Voj\u00e1ci zap\u00e1lili lesn\u00ed oblast,\u00a0<\/span>anfdeutsch.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 18. srpna 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tureck\u00e1 inflace dosahuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 80 %, vrchol m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt bl\u00edzko,\u00a0<\/span>reuters.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 08.03.2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Stav okupace Q4: Souboje dos\u00e1hly nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b b\u011bhem podzimu, kdy se r\u00fdsuje v\u00e1lka,\u00a0<\/span>rojavainformationcenter.com<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 21. \u010dervna 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Trendy v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch transferech zbran\u00ed, 2021,\u00a0<\/span>sipri.org<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, b\u0159ezen 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Civiln\u00ed ob\u011bti tureck\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed v severn\u00edm Ir\u00e1ku (2015 \u2013 2021), zpr\u00e1va End Cross-border Bombing Campaign, srpen 2022,\u00a0<\/span>iraqicivilsociety.org<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, srpen 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[16]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thodoris Chondrogiannos: Jak prodeje zbran\u00ed v EU podn\u011bcuj\u00ed z\u00e1vody ve zbrojen\u00ed mezi \u0158eckem a Tureckem ,\u00a0<\/span>Invest-europe.eu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 28.3.2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tiskoviny 20\/819: N\u011bmeck\u00e9 zbrojn\u00ed exporty do Turecka a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro tureck\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo, mal\u00fd dotaz poslanc\u016f Sevima Da\u011fdelena, Andreje Hunka, Iny Latendorfov\u00e9, Cornelie M\u00f6hringov\u00e9, \u017baklina Nasti\u0107e, S\u00f6rena Pellmanna, Victora Perliho, Dr.\u00a0Petra Sitte a parlamentn\u00ed skupina DIE LINKE,\u00a0<\/span>dserver.bundestag.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 23. \u00fanora 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Airbus udr\u017euje tureck\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 letadla,\u00a0<\/span>tagesschau.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 25. srpna 2020<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Apostolis Fotiadis a Niamh Ni Bhriain: Smoking Guns.\u00a0Jak evropsk\u00e9 v\u00fdvozy zbran\u00ed vytla\u010duj\u00ed miliony z jejich domov\u016f,\u00a0<\/span>tni.org<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 28.7.2021<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tamt\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Matthias Monroy: Low-Intensity War,\u00a0<\/span>medico.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, 9. srpna 2022<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Zpr\u00e1va feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy o sv\u00e9 exportn\u00ed politice pro konven\u010dn\u00ed zbrojen\u00ed v roce 2020 \u2013 zpr\u00e1va o exportu zbrojen\u00ed 2020,\u00a0<\/span>bmwk.de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u010derven 2021<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rania Eta, Zozan Zedan, Dilan Ezedin a Diyana Elo \u2013 to jsou jm\u00e9na \u010dty\u0159 d\u00edvek,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15002,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,147,55,40,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15001"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15001"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15001\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15002"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15001"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15001"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15001"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}