{"id":13587,"date":"2022-08-15T01:10:29","date_gmt":"2022-08-14T23:10:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=13587"},"modified":"2022-08-14T16:23:52","modified_gmt":"2022-08-14T14:23:52","slug":"veda-ukazuje-ze-vakciny-podporuji-sireni-omikronu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/08\/15\/veda-ukazuje-ze-vakciny-podporuji-sireni-omikronu\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bda ukazuje, \u017ee vakc\u00edny podporuj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed omikron\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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T\u00fdm 19 v\u011bdc\u016f z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie zve\u0159ejnil nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proo\u010dkovanost\u00ed maj\u00ed nejv\u00edce takzvan\u00fdch \u201epr\u016flomov\u00fdch infekc\u00ed\u201c a tak\u00e9 reinfekc\u00ed jin\u00fdmi variantami COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek, publikovan\u00fd v recenzovan\u00e9m \u010dasopise Science dne 14. \u010dervna 2022, byl sta\u017een t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 277 500kr\u00e1t za m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e dva m\u011bs\u00edce.\u00a0To je velmi neobvykl\u00e9 pro \u00fazce formulovanou, vysoce technickou v\u011bdeckou studii.<\/span><\/p>\n

O tom, pro\u010d je \u010dte tolik lid\u00ed, se m\u016f\u017eeme jen dohadovat.\u00a0Co v\u0161ak tato studie nazna\u010duje \u2013 a to, z \u010deho mnoz\u00ed klini\u010dt\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili obavy \u2013 je, \u017ee mRNA vakc\u00edny COVID-19, stejn\u011b jako p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed, mohou zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee na\u0161i imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f bude m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 proti omikronov\u00e9 variant\u011b viru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud je to pravda, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 vakc\u00edna zp\u016fsobuje roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou infekci.\u00a0Nam\u00edsto zastaven\u00ed viru mohou o\u010dkovac\u00ed programy mRNA po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b ne\u00famysln\u011b zp\u016fsobit, \u017ee virus bude v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proo\u010dkovanost vede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e n\u00e1kazy<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee zem\u011b s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed proo\u010dkovanost\u00ed maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd po\u010det prim\u00e1rn\u00edch infekc\u00ed a \u010dast\u00e9 reinfekce SARS-CoV-2.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu lid\u00e9 v zem\u00edch, kde neprob\u011bhly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 o\u010dkovac\u00ed kampan\u011b \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161iny zem\u00ed africk\u00e9ho kontinentu \u2013 se nenakaz\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby se zjistilo, pro\u010d nejo\u010dkovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed populace dost\u00e1v\u00e1 nejv\u00edce omikronov\u00fdch infekc\u00ed, zam\u011b\u0159ila se tato studie na nejv\u00edce o\u010dkovan\u00e9 profesion\u00e1ly: zdravotnick\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed dostali dv\u011b d\u00e1vky mRNA vakc\u00edny brzy a pot\u00e9 dostali dal\u0161\u00ed dv\u011b posilovac\u00ed d\u00e1vky.\u00a0Aby v\u011bdci zjistili, co se d\u011bje na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 \u00farovni u t\u011bchto vysoce o\u010dkovan\u00fdch zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, pozorn\u011b sledovali r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy imunoglobinu v krvi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Imunoglobin (Ig), tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako protil\u00e1tka (Ab), najde viry, bakterie atd. a spust\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, aby odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem reagoval.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci identifikovali n\u011bkolik typ\u016f imunoglobulin\u016f, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0159\u00edd\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch a u r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f infekc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

IgG4, toleran\u010dn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

IgG4 je forma imunoglobulinu, kter\u00e1 spou\u0161t\u00ed v imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu toleran\u010dn\u00ed reakci po opakovan\u00e9 expozici v\u011bcem, kter\u00e9 nevy\u017eaduj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btlivou reakci.\u00a0To je dobr\u00e9, kdy\u017e se nap\u0159\u00edklad sna\u017e\u00edte vyhnout imunitn\u00ed citlivosti na n\u011bjak\u00e9 j\u00eddlo.\u00a0Ale to nen\u00ed druh imunitn\u00ed reakce, kterou maj\u00ed vakc\u00edny COVID-19 vyvolat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e jsou v\u010dela\u0159i b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 kari\u00e9ry opakovan\u011b bod\u00e1ni v\u010delami, reaguj\u00ed na \u00fatok na sv\u016fj imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m reakc\u00ed IgG4.\u00a0V podstat\u011b se jejich t\u011bla nau\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed jed nen\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd, a jejich imunitn\u00ed reakce na v\u010del\u00ed jed se stane reakc\u00ed IgG4, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje velmi dob\u0159e sn\u00e1\u0161et \u017eihadla.\u00a0Zat\u00edmco v\u010del\u00ed jed s\u00e1m o sob\u011b t\u011blu ne\u0161kod\u00ed, z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 reakce organismu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1.\u00a0Kdy\u017e t\u011blo reaguje p\u0159ehnan\u011b a vyvine se generalizovan\u00e1 reakce, kdy samotn\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt ohro\u017euje d\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt imunitn\u00ed reakce smrteln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edce vakc\u00edn vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu infekc\u00ed COVID-19<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato studie p\u0159esn\u011b ukazuje, jak posilovac\u00ed d\u00e1vky zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee se lid\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00ed n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k COVID-19.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed d\u00e1vky vakc\u00edny vyvolaly klasick\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 imunitn\u00ed reakce.\u00a0Z\u00e1n\u011bt je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed imunitn\u00ed reakce (na vakc\u00ednu nebo infekci) a je zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za v\u011bt\u0161inu toho, co c\u00edt\u00edte, kdy\u017e jste nemocn\u00ed: hore\u010dku, bolest, letargii atd. Tento z\u00e1n\u011bt je d\u016fvodem, pro\u010d onemocn\u00edte, kdy\u017e onemocn\u00edte. o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti ch\u0159ipce je c\u00edtit a pro\u010d se vakc\u00edna COVID-19 proslavila t\u00edm, \u017ee lidem na n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed p\u0159ipadala tak nemocn\u00e1.\u00a0Va\u0161e t\u011blo produkuje z\u00e1n\u011btlivou reakci na proteiny COVID-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale co se stane v t\u011ble, kdy\u017e si d\u00e1te dv\u011b r\u00e1ny a pak dostanete t\u0159et\u00ed?\u00a0V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee sekven\u010dn\u00ed d\u00e1vky mRNA vakc\u00edn p\u0159ivykly nebo znecitliv\u011bly subjekty na proteiny COVID-19, tak\u017ee jejich imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f za\u010dala dominovat forma IgG4, co\u017e v podstat\u011b nau\u010dilo t\u011blo tolerovat proteiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fd druh ochrany?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Reakce \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f na COVID-19 byla ve skute\u010dnosti vypnuta, tak\u017ee byli je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k infekci a m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b projevili reakci na infekci ne\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed nebyli o\u010dkov\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e jste v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota opakovan\u011b vystaveni nachlazen\u00ed nebo jin\u00e9mu viru, jako je tomu v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9 expozice, nevybudujete si v\u016f\u010di n\u011bmu toleranci, ale va\u0161e t\u011blo s n\u00edm bojuje, ani\u017e byste si to uv\u011bdomovali.\u00a0Va\u0161e t\u011blo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 norm\u00e1ln\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f k boji s nemoc\u00ed, ale proto\u017ee rozpozn\u00e1 patogen, neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky z\u00e1n\u011btu.\u00a0Proto, kdy\u017e je \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159irozen\u011b vystaven mnoha nemocem, m\u00e1 celo\u017eivotn\u00ed imunitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu tato nov\u00e1 studie ukazuje, \u017ee opakovan\u00e9 injekce mRNA a booster injekce pro COVID-19 vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed toleran\u010dn\u00ed reakci, jako by to byly injekce na alergii.\u00a0Zvykaj\u00ed t\u011blo na virus tak, \u017ee jej ji\u017e nepozn\u00e1te jako n\u011bco nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed studie, kterou v \u010dervenci zve\u0159ejnil t\u00fdm v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, nez\u00e1visle potvrdila, \u017ee po sob\u011b jdouc\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed proti COVID-19 a p\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f z ochrann\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy odpov\u011bdi IgG do t\u0159\u00eddy tolerance.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vytvo\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e9to vakc\u00ednou navozen\u00e9 tolerance z\u00e1rove\u0148 neznamenalo, \u017ee subjekty z\u016fstaly nechr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nemocn\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee o\u010dkovac\u00ed a posilovac\u00ed program ud\u011blal p\u0159esn\u00fd opak toho, co bylo zam\u00fd\u0161leno: zabr\u00e1nit lidem, aby onemocn\u011bli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byl to ale n\u011bkdy re\u00e1ln\u00fd c\u00edl?\u00a0COVID-19 je jako souvisej\u00edc\u00ed endemick\u00e9 koronaviry.\u00a0Stejn\u011b jako b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 nachlazen\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee SARS-CoV-2 nezmiz\u00ed, \u017ee se mu nikdo nevyhne nav\u017edy a \u017ee bude nad\u00e1le mutovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b tato studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vakc\u00edny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed imunitn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu t\u011bla nereagovat na virus p\u0159ehnan\u011b.\u00a0Virus s\u00e1m o sob\u011b lidi nezab\u00edjel \u2013 byla to interakce viru s imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem pacienta, kter\u00e1 vedla k v\u00e1\u017en\u00fdm a n\u011bkdy smrteln\u00fdm infekc\u00edm, proto\u017ee imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m reagoval na nov\u00fd virus p\u0159ehnan\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee p\u0159irozen\u011b z\u00edskan\u00e1 imunita je siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e imunita z\u00edskan\u00e1 vakc\u00ednou a nebezpe\u010d\u00ed samotn\u00fdch vakc\u00edn, zejm\u00e9na pro mlad\u00e9 lidi, nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee rizika o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud ti, kte\u0159\u00ed byli o\u010dkov\u00e1ni, jsou nyn\u00ed snadno vystaveni viru, ale maj\u00ed pouze m\u00edrn\u00e9 reakce, proto\u017ee jim jejich imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee jej mohou tolerovat, mohla to b\u00fdt v\u00fdhoda o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159eo\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak nebylo nikdy nutn\u00e9 k navozen\u00ed tolerance: studie uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee u subjekt\u016f se tolerance vyvinula ji\u017e po dvou d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch.\u00a0Vakc\u00edny mohly pomoci desenzibilizovat populaci v\u016f\u010di \u0161kodliv\u00fdm z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdm imunitn\u00edm reakc\u00edm na COVID-19.\u00a0Ud\u011blali sv\u016fj d\u00edl.\u00a0Dal\u0161\u00ed posilovac\u00ed o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed nejsou nutn\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Foto:<\/strong> Ilustrace protil\u00e1tek (ve tvaru Y) reaguj\u00edc\u00edch na infekci nov\u00fdm koronavirem SARS-CoV-2.\u00a0(Getty Images)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fdm 19 v\u011bdc\u016f z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie zve\u0159ejnil nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, kter\u00fd vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d zem\u011b s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13588,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[593,1028,1545,651,303],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13587"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13587"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13587\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13589,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13587\/revisions\/13589"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13588"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13587"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13587"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13587"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}