{"id":13265,"date":"2022-08-07T05:49:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-07T03:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=13265"},"modified":"2022-08-07T05:49:55","modified_gmt":"2022-08-07T03:49:55","slug":"jan-campbell-nejen-chlebem-budes-ziv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/08\/07\/jan-campbell-nejen-chlebem-budes-ziv\/","title":{"rendered":"Jan Campbell: Nejen chlebem bude\u0161 \u017eiv"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p>N\u00e1zev p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jsem vytvo\u0159il z v\u00fdroku (ve dvou ver\u0161\u00edch), kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, evangelia Matou\u0161e, epizody ve 4. kapitole, kdy je Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 pokou\u0161en na pou\u0161ti. Cel\u00fd v\u00fdrok zn\u00ed: On v\u0161ak odpov\u011bd\u011bl: Je ps\u00e1no: <em>Nejen chlebem \u017eiv jest \u010dlov\u011bk, n\u00fdbr\u017e i ka\u017ed\u00fdm slovem, je\u017e vych\u00e1z\u00ed z Bo\u017e\u00edch \u00fast. <\/em>Zjednodu\u0161en\u011b formulovan\u00fd v\u00fdznam znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk krom\u011b j\u00eddla, tedy potravy, pot\u0159ebuje i potravu duchovn\u00ed. Takovou potravu nab\u00eddne p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 v\u00fdstava v\u00a0Karl\u00edn\u011b, ve v\u00fdstavn\u00ed s\u00edni modern\u00ed budovy Rustonka, budova R3 na t\u00e9ma Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Legenda o hedv\u00e1b\u00ed<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Existuje n\u011bkolik legend o hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Jedna z\u00a0nich vypr\u00e1v\u00ed o c\u00edsa\u0159ovn\u011b Leizu, man\u017eelce slavn\u00e9ho \u017dlut\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159e, kter\u00e1 se jednoho dne rozhodla p\u00edt \u010daj v\u00a0zahrad\u011b. Stalo se tak p\u0159ed cca 3 tis\u00edce lety. Kdy\u017e zvedla \u0161\u00e1lek, aby se napila ve st\u00ednu moru\u0161e, spadl j\u00ed do n\u011bho mal\u00fd p\u0159edm\u011bt. Z\u00a0pohybuj\u00edc\u00edch se v\u011btv\u00ed moru\u0161e j\u00ed spadl do \u010daje tvrd\u00fd, podlouhl\u00fd a pastelov\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd mot\u00fdl\u00ed kokon. Kdy\u017e s\u00a0klidem vytahovala kousky z\u00a0\u010daje, v\u0161imla si, \u017ee jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e9. Kokon byl zamotan\u00fd v\u00a0jak\u00e9msi vl\u00e1knu, kter\u00e9 do sebe rychle vsakovalo jej\u00ed \u010daj, a byl \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed a m\u011bk\u010d\u00ed. Leizu rozvinula vl\u00e1kno v\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u00e9 d\u00e9lce 600 m po cel\u00e9 zahrad\u011b. To ji tak zaujalo, \u017ee se rozhodla sebrat ze stromu dal\u0161\u00ed kokony, rozmotat je a utkat z\u00a0nich l\u00e1tku. Tak (pr\u00fd) vznikla na dotek chladiv\u00e1, m\u011bkk\u00e1 a leskl\u00e1 tkanina, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod n\u00e1zvem hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 legenda se podob\u00e1 t\u00e9 prvn\u00ed. Jist\u00fd Chuang-Ti po\u017e\u00e1dal svou \u017eenu, aby zjistila, kdo \u0161kod\u00ed jeho moru\u0161ovn\u00edk\u016fm. Man\u017eelka objevila b\u00edl\u00e9 housenky, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ely leskl\u00e9 z\u00e1motky. Jeden z\u00e1motek man\u017eelka n\u00e1hodou upustila do hork\u00e9 vody a zjistila, \u017ee z n\u011bj m\u016f\u017ee vyt\u00e1hnout jemn\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno a navinout ho na c\u00edvku. Podle legendy tak objevila technologii v\u00fdroby hedv\u00e1b\u00ed, kter\u00e1 z\u016fstala po v\u00edce ne\u017e 2000 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch let \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed bylo velmi cenn\u00fdm obchodn\u00edm artiklem. Bylo z \u010c\u00edny dov\u00e1\u017eeno a\u017e do Persie \u010di \u0158\u00edma, kde bylo s oblibou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no. V\u00fdrobn\u00ed monopol na hedv\u00e1b\u00ed si \u010c\u00edna udr\u017eela a\u017e do 6. stolet\u00ed (n. l.). Pokus o v\u00fdvoz technologie se trestal smrt\u00ed. Technologie se podle pov\u011bsti roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila d\u00edky dv\u011bma mnich\u016fm, kter\u00fdm se poda\u0159ilo dopravit p\u00e1r bource moru\u0161ov\u00e9ho do Evropy. Od 7. stolet\u00ed se hedv\u00e1bnictv\u00ed rozv\u00edjelo hlavn\u011b v Byzanci. D\u00edky obchodu s Araby se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo i na jih. Definitivn\u011b se rozvinula jeho v\u00fdroba b\u011bhem k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav, kdy k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ci (za pomoci Ben\u00e1t\u010dan\u016f) po vyplen\u011bn\u00ed Konstantinopole p\u0159ivezli s sebou i chov bource. D\u00edky Ben\u00e1t\u010dan\u016fm se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo po cel\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Na severu (nap\u0159. Polsko) se pot\u00fdkalo s probl\u00e9my kv\u016fli nedostatku p\u0159irozen\u00e9 potravy mot\u00fdla \u2013 moru\u0161e b\u00edl\u00e9 (Morus alba).<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem prvn\u00edho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed po objevu bylo hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vyr\u00e1b\u011bno pro c\u00edsa\u0159e a jeho bl\u00edzk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9 nebo jako dar hodnost\u00e1\u0159\u016fm. Jak v\u00fdroba hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vzkv\u00e9tala, mohly hedv\u00e1b\u00ed vlastnit i ostatn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy. P\u0159itom specifick\u00e9 barvy, dopl\u0148ky a motivy byly v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro ur\u010ditou spole\u010denskou vrstvu nebo pozici a vojensk\u00e9 hodnosti. \u017dlut\u00e1 barva byl ur\u010dena pouze pro c\u00edsa\u0159e.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\"><strong>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed dnes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Pro milovn\u00edky dat uv\u00e1d\u00edm, \u017ee v roce 2014 se celosv\u011btov\u011b sklidilo 589 162 tun kokon\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch bylo odmot\u00e1no 168 333 tun surov\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed (82 % \u010c\u00edna, 16 % Indie) a v roce 2015 byla zaznamen\u00e1na celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba 202 000 tun surov\u00e9ho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. \u010cesk\u00e9 tkalcovny vyrobily v roce 1989 cca 130 000 m2 hedv\u00e1bn\u00fdch tkanin a spot\u0159ebovaly cca 0,002 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 produkce p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho hedv\u00e1b\u00ed. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fadaje bohu\u017eel nejsou zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1ny. Pro\u010d? Nev\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Zato v\u00edm, \u017ee v\u00a0Praze, hlavn\u00edm kulturn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky se nehled\u011b na velmi hork\u00e9 po\u010das\u00ed realizuje a sou\u010dasn\u011b p\u0159ipravuje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada kulturn\u011b-vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch a z\u00e1bavn\u00fdch akci pod \u0161ir\u00fdm nebem, v parc\u00edch, historick\u00fdch zahrad\u00e1ch a v um\u011bleck\u00fdch s\u00edn\u00edch a na divadeln\u00edch sc\u00e9n\u00e1ch. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem se i hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm m\u00edstem pro str\u00e1ven\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti l\u00e9ta. Za necel\u00e9 dva t\u00fddny zcela jist\u011b obohat\u00ed a zp\u0159\u00edjemn\u00ed Prahu v\u00fdchodn\u00ed v\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 v\u0161echny atributy hedv\u00e1b\u00ed: chladiv\u00e1, m\u011bkk\u00e1 a leskl\u00e1 tkanina.<\/p>\n<p>To nen\u00ed ale v\u0161echno. Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen na od\u011bvy, ale m\u00e1 i mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0p\u00edsmu, prvn\u00edm luxusn\u00edm pap\u00edru na sv\u011bt\u011b, p\u00edsmomal\u00ed\u0159stv\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161ic\u00ed nit\u011b a skan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edze na ru\u010dn\u00ed pleten\u00ed. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b kravat, d\u00e1msk\u00fdch \u0161atovek, halenek, ko\u0161il\u00ed a de\u0161tn\u00edk\u016f, ale i technick\u00fdch textili\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b izolace, pad\u00e1k\u016f, d\u0159\u00edve i p\u00e1sek do psac\u00edch stroj\u016f.\u00a0 V\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i pro v\u00fdrobu t\u011btiv do luk\u016f a ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch vlasc\u016f. V\u00a0dob\u011b dynastie Han (206 p\u0159ed n.l. a\u017e 220 n.l.) se hedv\u00e1b\u00ed dokonce pou\u017e\u00edvalo jako jedno z\u00a0platidel. V\u00a0tomto kontextu doporu\u010duji sezn\u00e1mit se alespo\u0148 s\u00a0jedn\u00edm p\u0159edstaven\u00edm <em>Ruk\u00e1vy dynastie Han<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd vyn\u00e1lez, \u0161irok\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed a v\u00fdroba ve velk\u00e9m spolu s obchodn\u00ed schopnosti \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f otev\u0159elo prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou obchodn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sv\u011bta, zn\u00e1mou jako <em>Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka<\/em>. Pokud se nem\u00fdl\u00edm, obchodn\u00ed cestu zn\u00e1mou jako hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka tak pojmenovali Evropan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdstavu <em>Hedv\u00e1b\u00ed a hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka<\/em> spole\u010dn\u011b po\u0159\u00e1daj\u00ed Velvyslanectv\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky v \u010cR a \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed museum hedv\u00e1b\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum hedv\u00e1b\u00ed se na tuto v\u00fdstavu pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u0159ipravilo. Krom\u011b jin\u00e9ho nab\u00eddne doprovod ve form\u011b odborn\u00e9ho, p\u0159esto ale srozumiteln\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu a rozd\u011blilo v\u00fdstavu na t\u0159i tematick\u00e9 jednotky: 1) Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 technologie, 2) Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed a 3) Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka. Jin\u00fdmi slovy: v\u00fdstava, kter\u00e1 bude voln\u011b (bezplatn\u011b) p\u0159\u00edstupn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnosti od 20. do 26. srpna 2022 je obsahov\u011b bohat\u00e1, p\u0159edstav\u00ed r\u016fznorod\u00e9 a nev\u0161edn\u00ed expon\u00e1ty a zcela ur\u010dit\u011b zaujme a uspokoj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti a n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edk\u016f hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Prahy.<\/p>\n<p>Aby tomu tak bylo, sta\u010d\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit mezi 10 a 17 hodinou v\u00fdstavn\u00ed s\u00ed\u0148 <em>P\u00e1s a stezka<\/em> v modern\u00ed budov\u011b Rustonka v Karl\u00edn\u011b, Sokolovsk\u00e1 695\/115b, budova R3, Karl\u00edn, 186 00 Praha 8, stanice metra B Invalidovna, bl\u00edzko hotelu Olympic a uv\u011bdomit si, \u017ee hedv\u00e1b\u00ed je dnes mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed komoditou a symbolem star\u00e9 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 tradice, jej\u00ed\u017e ko\u0159eny jsou spojeny s\u00a0\u0161\u00e1lkem odpoledn\u00edho \u010daje a nejen chlebem \u017eiv je \u010dlov\u011bk.<\/p>\n<p><em><strong>Jan Campbell<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00e1zev p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku jsem vytvo\u0159il z v\u00fdroku (ve dvou ver\u0161\u00edch), kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0Nov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona, evangelia Matou\u0161e,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[30,2989,29,2990],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13265"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13265"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13265\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13265"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13265"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13265"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}