{"id":13023,"date":"2022-08-02T01:06:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-01T23:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=13023"},"modified":"2022-08-01T16:48:27","modified_gmt":"2022-08-01T14:48:27","slug":"digitalni-mena-centralni-banky-v-japonsku-opustena-lide-ji-nechteji","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/08\/02\/digitalni-mena-centralni-banky-v-japonsku-opustena-lide-ji-nechteji\/","title":{"rendered":"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bna centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky v Japonsku opu\u0161t\u011bna \u2013 lid\u00e9 ji necht\u011bj\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Japonsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka se mus\u00ed d\u00e1le zab\u00fdvat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou, ale zat\u00edm ji nep\u0159ijala v ekonomice neobvykle zalo\u017een\u00e9 na hotovosti<\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost je v Japonsku st\u00e1le kr\u00e1lem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Stejn\u011b jako mnoho jin\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank i Bank of Japan od roku 2021 experimentuje s digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, aby otestovala technickou proveditelnost z\u00e1kladn\u00edch funkc\u00ed a vlastnost\u00ed maloobchodn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu CBDC.\u00a0Druh\u00e1 f\u00e1ze testov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u010dala v dubnu 2022. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka ale o jej\u00edm spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v dohledn\u00e9 dob\u011b neuva\u017euje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010delem prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edch experiment\u016f je sezn\u00e1mit se s nov\u00fdmi technick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi technologie blockchain pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee by vznikla pot\u0159eba digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bny centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky.\u00a0Existuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 faktory, kter\u00e9 br\u00e1n\u00ed BOJ aktivn\u011b zva\u017eovat p\u0159ijet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Japonsk\u00e1 ve\u0159ejnost m\u00e1 prakticky univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k bankovn\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu, tak\u017ee podpora finan\u010dn\u00edho za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed nikdy nebyla hlavn\u00edm politick\u00fdm t\u00e9matem.\u00a0Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch a mobiln\u00edch technologi\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch soukrom\u00fdm sektorem k platb\u00e1m za zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

My\u0161lenka CBDC nez\u00edskala velkou podporu kv\u016fli \u0161irok\u00e9mu p\u0159ijet\u00ed slu\u017eeb internetov\u00e9ho bankovnictv\u00ed, kreditn\u00edch karet a platebn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f elektronick\u00fdch pen\u011bz.\u00a0Ve\u0159ejnost nemus\u00ed pova\u017eovat vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed CBDC za atraktivn\u00ed, proto\u017ee platebn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje soukrom\u00e9ho sektoru nab\u00edzej\u00ed hmatateln\u00e9 v\u00fdhody \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad body, kter\u00e9 lze nasb\u00edrat p\u0159i pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb a pou\u017e\u00edt je k n\u00e1kup\u016fm nebo platb\u00e1m za jin\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost je bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a vysoce likvidn\u00ed zp\u016fsob platby za zbo\u017e\u00ed a slu\u017eby.<\/strong>\u00a0Jako z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo pln\u00ed hotovost funkci z\u00fa\u010dtovac\u00ed jednotky, prost\u0159edku sm\u011bny a uchovatele hodnoty.\u00a0Navzdory klesaj\u00edc\u00edmu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 hotovost v ob\u011bhu v Japonsku vysok\u00e1 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 20 % nomin\u00e1ln\u00edho hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost se st\u00e1v\u00e1 u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed katastrofy nebo vojensk\u00e9 konflikty zp\u016fsob\u00ed v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 \u0161kody obyvatelstvu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00fdpadky proudu nebo zni\u010den\u00edm budov a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nebo oslaben\u00edm d\u016fv\u011bry v syst\u00e9m priv\u00e1tn\u00edho bankovnictv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost preferuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 senio\u0159i a lid\u00e9 s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy.\u00a0P\u0159evaha hotovosti a popt\u00e1vky po hotovosti v Japonsku koreluje se st\u00e1rnut\u00edm populace \u2013 lid\u00e9 nad 65 let tvo\u0159\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159etinu populace.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee rostouc\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch plateb je rostouc\u00edm trendem, v mnoha ekonomik\u00e1ch se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bude i nad\u00e1le pou\u017e\u00edvat hotovost.\u00a0Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee udr\u017een\u00ed hotovosti v ekonomice je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, a to i p\u0159es vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1klady na manipulaci s hotovost\u00ed a riziko trestn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s hotovost\u00ed.\u00a0I v n\u011bkter\u00fdch vysoce digitalizovan\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch, jako je Finsko, se platby v hotovosti v letech 2019\u20132020 zv\u00fd\u0161ily.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1klady ob\u011btovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti na dr\u017een\u00ed hotovosti souvis\u00ed s finan\u010dn\u00edmi v\u00fdnosy z bl\u00edzk\u00fdch substitut\u016f hotovosti, jako jsou nap\u0159. sazby nab\u00edzen\u00e9 bankami u retailov\u00fdch vklad\u016f a n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn.\u00a0Pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00fdch \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb, podporovan\u00e9 m\u011bnov\u00fdm uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm, p\u0159isp\u011blo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed alternativn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f, zejm\u00e9na ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00edzk\u00e1 m\u00edra inflace ovliv\u0148uje popt\u00e1vku po hotovosti t\u00edm, \u017ee sni\u017euje alternativn\u00ed n\u00e1klady na dr\u017een\u00ed hotovosti, proto\u017ee hodnota hotovosti z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stabiln\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 m\u00edra inflace by mohla celosv\u011btov\u011b stla\u010dit popt\u00e1vku po hotovosti, obez\u0159etn\u00e1 popt\u00e1vka po hotovosti by mohla v n\u011bkter\u00fdch evropsk\u00fdch ekonomik\u00e1ch pos\u00edlit v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nejistoty po rusk\u00e9 invazi na Ukrajinu a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed ztr\u00e1t\u011b d\u016fv\u011bry ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fd sektor a bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed bezkontaktn\u00edch platebn\u00edch metod omezilo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed hotovosti pro transakce, zejm\u00e9na v d\u016fsledku pandemie Covid-19.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00edl\u00e1 kniha z roku 2022, kterou p\u0159ipravila National Supermarket Association of Japan, ukazuje, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e 90 % supermarket\u016f je nyn\u00ed vybaveno kreditn\u00edmi platebn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my;\u00a077 % pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 QR k\u00f3dy anebo elektronick\u00e9 pen\u00edze a 38 % vyvinulo vlastn\u00ed bezhotovostn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost v ob\u011bhu v\u0161ak vzrostla.\u00a0\u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b je to zp\u016fsobeno dlouhodob\u011b n\u00edzkou \u00farokovou sazbou z retailov\u00fdch vklad\u016f, kter\u00e1 byla v letech 2007\u20132010 pod 0,2 %, v letech 2011\u20132016 pod 0,02 % a od roku 2017 je u b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch retailov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f 0,001 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hotovost se tak stala n\u00e1hradou za bankovn\u00ed vklady a p\u0159isp\u011blo to k rostouc\u00edmu trendu hromad\u011bn\u00ed hotovosti v Japonsku.\u00a0Hromad\u011bn\u00edm hotovosti se rozum\u00ed hotovost le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed nevyu\u017eit\u00e1, ani\u017e by byla pou\u017eita pro ekonomick\u00e9 a investi\u010dn\u00ed \u010dinnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dominance hotovosti v japonsk\u00e9 ekonomice by mohla odradit nov\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti od up\u0159ednost\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed inovac\u00ed v platebn\u00edch metod\u00e1ch a finan\u010dn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

BOJ v\u0161ak mus\u00ed pokra\u010dovat ve shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed znalost\u00ed o technologii blockchain, aby zajistila finan\u010dn\u00ed stabilitu a finan\u010dn\u00ed inovace v Japonsku.\u00a0Nav\u00edc vzhledem k vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1klad\u016fm na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed bankovn\u00ed slu\u017eby by \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch plateb pomoc\u00ed CBDC byla slibnou volbou.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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ZDROJ<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Japonsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka se mus\u00ed d\u00e1le zab\u00fdvat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnou, ale zat\u00edm ji nep\u0159ijala v ekonomice…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10366,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[528,916,59,105,90],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13023\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10366"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}