{"id":12525,"date":"2022-07-19T01:09:40","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T23:09:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=12525"},"modified":"2022-07-18T17:32:44","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T15:32:44","slug":"pokuta-az-300-dolaru-za-pouzivani-rustiny-na-verejnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/07\/19\/pokuta-az-300-dolaru-za-pouzivani-rustiny-na-verejnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Pokuta a\u017e 300 dolar\u016f za pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ru\u0161tiny na ve\u0159ejnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ukrajina zav\u00e1d\u00ed tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nedodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kona se trest\u00e1 pokutou a\u017e 8 500 h\u0159iven (300 USD), kter\u00e1 se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne 16. \u010dervence vstoup\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b v platnost dal\u0161\u00ed etapa implementace z\u00e1kona \u201eO zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho jazyka jako st\u00e1tn\u00edho jazyka\u201c.\u00a0V budoucnu bude nedodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kona trest\u00e1no pokutou a\u017e 8500 h\u0159iven (300 americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f), kter\u00e1 se v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b opakov\u00e1n\u00ed zvy\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd byl p\u0159ijat v dubnu 2019 a postupn\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bn, mus\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 zem\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvat ukrajinsk\u00fd jazyk ve v\u0161ech oblastech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota.\u00a0V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentury, v\u011bda a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zdravotnictv\u00ed, slu\u017eby, reklama, ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky zcela p\u0159evedeny do ukrajin\u0161tiny.\u00a0V\u0161echny kulturn\u00ed akce se mohou konat pouze v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm jazyce.\u00a0Pro televizn\u00ed stanice byla zavedena kv\u00f3ta 75 procent jejich program\u016f v ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b.\u00a0Zahrani\u010dn\u00ed filmy a seri\u00e1ly mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u011bny pouze v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm jazyce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Odborn\u00edci p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed jazykov\u00fdch trest\u016f se dotkne p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm sektoru slu\u017eeb, proto\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina poru\u0161en\u00ed bude zaznamen\u00e1na ve zp\u016fsobu, jak\u00fdm prodejci, \u010d\u00ed\u0161n\u00edci a kade\u0159n\u00edci komunikuj\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi z\u00e1kazn\u00edky.\u00a0Na implementaci z\u00e1kona dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ombudsman pro ochranu st\u00e1tn\u00edho jazyka a jazykov\u00ed inspekto\u0159i.\u00a0Jazykov\u00fd ombudsman Taras Kremin ji\u017e Ukrajinc\u016fm doporu\u010dil, aby zaslali st\u00ed\u017enost na jeho \u00fa\u0159ad a p\u0159ipojili video nebo zvukov\u00fd z\u00e1znam incidentu, pokud zjist\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona.\u00a0Jazykov\u00ed inspekto\u0159i se tak\u00e9 mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit jedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ech st\u00e1tn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, vy\u017eadovat dokumentaci od ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed a politick\u00fdch stran a ukl\u00e1dat pokuty.<\/span><\/p>\n

Taras Kremin ned\u00e1vno obvinil ukrajinsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Vladimira Zelensk\u00e9ho a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016f z poru\u0161en\u00ed jazykov\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona. Zelenskyj, kter\u00e9mu u\u017e bylo v n\u011bkter\u00fdch rozhovorech vy\u010d\u00edt\u00e1no, \u017ee p\u0159e\u0161el do ru\u0161tiny, v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b mluvil anglicky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 normy<\/span><\/h4>\n

Normy z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proti pr\u00e1vu na u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad po\u017eadavek, aby vydavatel\u00e9 novin a \u010dasopis\u016f vyd\u00e1vali alespo\u0148 50 procent sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1kladu v ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, se nevztahuje na ti\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia v krymsk\u00e9 tatar\u0161tin\u011b a dal\u0161\u00edch jazyc\u00edch takzvan\u00fdch p\u016fvodn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f Ukrajiny (krym\u0161t\u00ed Tata\u0159i, Karait\u00e9, Krym\u010daky), angli\u010dtina a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyky EU.\u00a0Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem omezen\u00ed je ru\u0161tina, kterou podle celoukrajinsk\u00e9ho s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu v roce 2001 uvedlo jako prvn\u00ed jazyk 29,6 procenta lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po p\u0159ijet\u00ed z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce podalo n\u011bkolik poslanc\u016f \u017ealobu na diskriminaci rusk\u00e9ho jazyka k \u00dastavn\u00edmu soudu Ukrajiny.\u00a0\u00dastavn\u00ed soud v\u0161ak rozhodl, \u017ee jazykov\u00fd z\u00e1kon je \u00fastavn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kaz rusk\u00e9ho jazyka na \u0161kol\u00e1ch<\/span><\/h4>\n

Po ud\u00e1lostech v roce 2014 Ukrajina zah\u00e1jila politiku postupn\u00e9ho sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho jazyka ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.\u00a0Nov\u00e1 verze \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona p\u0159ijat\u00e1 v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2017 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s p\u0159echodem na ukrajin\u0161tinu na st\u0159edn\u00edch a vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch od roku 2018, na z\u00e1kladn\u00edch \u0161kol\u00e1ch od roku 2020 a na \u0161kol\u00e1ch s v\u00fdukou men\u0161inov\u00fdch jazyk\u016f zem\u00ed EU od roku 2023.\u00a0(\u00a0<\/span>Pozn\u00e1mka redakce: T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to polsk\u00e9, ma\u010farsk\u00e9, rumunsk\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00edch men\u0161in na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0)<\/span><\/p>\n

Po zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1kona vyvolal negativn\u00ed reakce v Ma\u010farsku, Rumunsku, Bulharsku a dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdchodoevropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch, jejich\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci tvo\u0159\u00ed na Ukrajin\u011b diasporu.\u00a0V b\u0159eznu 2020 byl p\u0159ijat z\u00e1kon o v\u0161eobecn\u00e9m st\u0159edo\u0161kolsk\u00e9m vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1rodnostn\u00edm men\u0161in\u00e1m \u017eij\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v jejich rodn\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed vyu\u010dovat jejich jazyk na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u0161kole, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 je zavazuje u\u010dit se ukrajinsky.\u00a0Od p\u00e1t\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy mus\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b 80 procent vyu\u010dovac\u00ed doby prob\u00edhat ve st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Derusifika\u010dn\u00ed kampa\u0148<\/span><\/h4>\n

Rok 2024 je podle z\u00e1kona kone\u010dnou f\u00e1z\u00ed realizace.\u00a0Od 16. \u010dervence 2024 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt alespo\u0148 90 procent celost\u00e1tn\u00edch televizn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f v ukrajin\u0161tin\u011b, ve\u0161ker\u00fd region\u00e1ln\u00ed tisk mus\u00ed p\u0159ej\u00edt na st\u00e1tn\u00ed jazyk a maj\u00ed b\u00fdt zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bny tresty za \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9 poni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ur\u00e1\u017eky st\u00e1tn\u00edho jazyka\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed rokem 2024, od za\u010d\u00e1tku rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 operace, byla Ukrajina pohlcena kampan\u00ed tot\u00e1ln\u00ed derusifikace.\u00a0Poslanci kyjevsk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 rady 1. \u010dervence ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee zcela zak\u00e1\u017eou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ruskojazy\u010dn\u00fdch knih, her, koncert\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch \u201ekulturn\u00edch produkt\u016f v rusk\u00e9m jazyce\u201c.\u00a0Podobn\u00e9 moratorium bylo ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve zavedeno v Chmelnyck\u00e9 oblasti, zat\u00edmco Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil a Konotop zak\u00e1zaly provozov\u00e1n\u00ed a poslech p\u00edsn\u00ed v ru\u0161tin\u011b na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch m\u00edstech.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady zavedly \u00fapln\u00fd z\u00e1kaz v\u00fduky ru\u0161tiny ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch.\u00a0Takov\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed bylo p\u0159ijato v Od\u011bsk\u00e9 a Mykolajivsk\u00e9 oblasti, zat\u00edmco Fakulta rusk\u00e9ho jazyka a literatury Charkovsk\u00e9 univerzity byla uzav\u0159ena.\u00a0Hlavn\u00ed spr\u00e1vce tradi\u010dn\u011b rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edho m\u011bsta Kriv\u00fd Rog tak\u00e9 \u0159ekl, \u017ee ru\u0161tina mus\u00ed b\u00fdt opu\u0161t\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ukrajina zav\u00e1d\u00ed tresty za poru\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm jazyce Nedodr\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kona se trest\u00e1 pokutou a\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9271,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[155,2842,36,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12525"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12525\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9271"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}