{"id":120758,"date":"2026-11-10T00:18:32","date_gmt":"2026-11-09T23:18:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120758"},"modified":"2026-11-09T11:04:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T10:04:15","slug":"vedci-odhalili-prekvapivou-souvislost-bakterie-z-nemocnych-dasni-mohou-poskozovat-srdecni-chlopne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/10\/vedci-odhalili-prekvapivou-souvislost-bakterie-z-nemocnych-dasni-mohou-poskozovat-srdecni-chlopne\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u011bdci odhalili p\u0159ekvapivou souvislost: Bakterie z nemocn\u00fdch d\u00e1sn\u00ed mohou po\u0161kozovat srde\u010dn\u00ed chlopn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Bakterie, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt d\u00e1sn\u00ed, mohou ovliv\u0148ovat mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen zdrav\u00ed \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny. V\u011bdci je toti\u017e objevili iv po\u0161kozen\u00fdch srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00edch.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 experimenty odhalily mechanismus, kter\u00fdm tyto mikroorganismy podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e postupn\u011b naru\u0161uj\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 fungov\u00e1n\u00ed srdce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum p\u0159edstaven\u00fd na v\u011bdeck\u00e9 konferenci Americk\u00e9 kardiologick\u00e9 asociace (AHA) v roce 2026 tak p\u0159inesl nov\u00e9 poznatky o propojen\u00ed mezi zdrav\u00edm d\u00e1sn\u00ed a srde\u010dn\u011b-c\u00e9vn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co v\u011bdci objevili v po\u0161kozen\u00fdch srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00edch<\/span><\/h2>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 nemocnice Fuwai a Pekingsk\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 fakulty zkoumali vzorky srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00ed odebran\u00fdch pacient\u016fm b\u011bhem operace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zam\u011b\u0159ili se na kalcifikovanou sten\u00f3zu aort\u00e1ln\u00ed chlopn\u011b, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 se ve tk\u00e1ni postupn\u011b ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00e1penat\u00e9 usazeniny. Chlope\u0148 hrubne, ztr\u00e1c\u00ed pru\u017enost a nedok\u00e1\u017ee se dostate\u010dn\u011b otev\u00edrat. Srdce proto mus\u00ed vyv\u00edjet v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, aby dok\u00e1zalo pumpovat krev do t\u011bla.<\/span><\/p>\n

Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee projevovat du\u0161nost\u00ed, \u00fanavou, bolestmi na hrudi \u010di z\u00e1vrat\u011bmi. V pokro\u010dil\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e k srde\u010dn\u00edmu selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci porovnali vzorky chlopn\u00ed se sten\u00f3zou a bez sten\u00f3zy. Zaujalo je zejm\u00e9na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zastoupen\u00ed bakterie <\/span>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/span><\/em> , kter\u00e1 pat\u0159\u00ed mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 p\u016fvodce parodontitidy (paradent\u00f3zy), tedy chronick\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btu d\u00e1sn\u00ed a tk\u00e1n\u00ed upev\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edch zuby.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se nejednalo o nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed druh, rozd\u00edl mezi ob\u011bma skupinami byl v\u00fdrazn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci proto za\u010dali zkoumat, zda bakterie nen\u00ed pouze p\u0159\u00edtomna v po\u0161kozen\u00e9 tk\u00e1ni, ale m\u016f\u017ee se p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u00edlet na jej\u00ed po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak se bakterie z \u00fast dostanou a\u017e do srdce?<\/span><\/h2>\n

\u00dastn\u00ed dutina je domovem stovek druh\u016f mikroorganism\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159irozenou sou\u010d\u00e1st \u00fastn\u00edho mikrobiomu. Probl\u00e9m nast\u00e1v\u00e1, kdy\u017e se p\u0159emno\u017e\u00ed bakterie podporuj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011bt d\u00e1sn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i parodontitid\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed a drobn\u00fdch krevn\u00edch c\u00e9v v okol\u00ed zub\u016f. Bakterie tak z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost proniknout do krevn\u00edho ob\u011bhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd p\u0159estup bakteri\u00ed do krve m\u016f\u017ee nastat i p\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u010dinnostech, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, zejm\u00e9na jsou-li d\u00e1sn\u011b zan\u00edcen\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krevn\u00ed ob\u011bh jim n\u00e1sledn\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje dostat se do vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed organizmu v\u010detn\u011b srdce.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy ji\u017e odhalily stopy bakterie <\/span>P. gingivalis<\/span><\/em> v aterosklerotick\u00fdch plac\u00edch, kter\u00e9 se tvo\u0159\u00ed ve st\u011bn\u00e1ch tepen. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v po\u0161kozen\u00fdch srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00edch proto otev\u00edr\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eitou oblast v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bakterie p\u0159itom nemus\u00ed po\u0161kozovat tk\u00e1n\u011b pouze p\u0159\u00edmo. V\u00fdznamnou roli hraje z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 reakce, kterou vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m p\u0159i obran\u011b proti infekci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experimenty odhalily mechanismus po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed chlopn\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

Aby v\u011bdci zjistili, jak m\u016f\u017ee bakterie ovliv\u0148ovat srde\u010dn\u00ed chlopn\u011b, uskute\u010dnili pokusy na laboratorn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159atech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Opakovan\u011b je vystavovali \u017eiv\u00e9 bakterii <\/span>P. gingivalis<\/span><\/em> . Postupn\u011b pozorovali jej\u00ed hromad\u011bn\u00ed v aort\u00e1ln\u00edch chlopn\u00edch, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku a rozvoj zm\u011bn p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00edch aort\u00e1ln\u00ed sten\u00f3zu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm pod\u00e1vala antibiotika, po\u0161kozen\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zm\u00edrnilo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky p\u0159ineslo zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho mechanismu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee bakterie aktivuje v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fd protein interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2). Ten se pod\u00edl\u00ed na spou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed proces\u016f vedouc\u00edch k ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edku a postupn\u00e9mu tvrdnut\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci geneticky vy\u0159adili tvorbu tohoto proteinu, kalcifikace chlopn\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila, a\u010dkoli bakterie z\u016fstaly p\u0159\u00edtomny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch mechanism\u016f po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed srde\u010dn\u00edch chlopn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 reakce vyvolan\u00e1 bakteriemi z \u00fast.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento poznatek otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti v\u00fdzkumu l\u00e9\u010dby. V sou\u010dasnosti toti\u017e neexistuj\u00ed l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 by spolehliv\u011b zastavily postupuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00e1penat\u011bn\u00ed aort\u00e1ln\u00ed chlopn\u011b. P\u0159i z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9m z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed b\u00fdv\u00e1 pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 jej\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna, bu\u010f klasickou operac\u00ed, nebo kat\u00e9trov\u00fdm z\u00e1krokem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mechanismus po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed zat\u00edm potvrdily experimenty na zv\u00ed\u0159atech. Jeho v\u00fdznam pro rozvoj onemocn\u011bn\u00ed u lid\u00ed maj\u00ed objasnit dal\u0161\u00ed klinick\u00e9 studie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Souvislost s onemocn\u011bn\u00edm srde\u010dn\u00edch tepen<\/span><\/h2>\n

Propojen\u00ed mezi bakteriemi z \u00fast a kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi podporuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bdal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie<\/span><\/a> publikovan\u00e1 v roce 2026 v \u010dasopise <\/span>BMC Oral Health<\/span><\/em> zkoumala 36 pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed podstoupili vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed koron\u00e1rn\u00edch tepen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pacienti s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm z\u00fa\u017een\u00edm t\u011bchto tepen m\u011bli vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed DNA bakterie <\/span>P. gingivalis<\/span><\/em> v krvi ne\u017e lid\u00e9 bez takov\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence pak v\u011bdci porovnali v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch rizikov\u00fdch ukazatel\u016f. Mno\u017estv\u00ed bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA se v jejich modelu uk\u00e1zalo jako mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ukazatel p\u0159\u00edtomnosti koron\u00e1rn\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, dokonce v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u011b sledovan\u00e9 faktory.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky t\u00e9to mal\u00e9 studie podporuj\u00ed p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee stav \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny m\u016f\u017ee poskytovat cenn\u00e9 informace io zdrav\u00ed srdce a c\u00e9v.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fdm sm\u011brem ukazuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bdlouhodob\u00e1 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jedna z rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 sledovala \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edky p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 let, spojila pravideln\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed zubn\u00ed nit\u011b s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytem n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f mozkov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edhody a fibrilace s\u00edn\u00ed, tedy nepravideln\u00e9ho srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak si chr\u00e1nit d\u00e1sn\u011b a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podpo\u0159it zdrav\u00ed srdce<\/span><\/h2>\n

Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e1, zejm\u00e9na ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 % lid\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch 65 let ur\u010ditou formu parodont\u00e1ln\u00edho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky se p\u0159itom snadno p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnou. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, zarudl\u00e9 nebo <\/span>otekl\u00e9 d\u00e1sn\u011b<\/span><\/a> , nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd dech a postupn\u00e9 ustupov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1sn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pravideln\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de dok\u00e1\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezit mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161kodliv\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed a zm\u00edrnit z\u00e1n\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladem prevence je:<\/span><\/p>\n