{"id":120709,"date":"2026-11-09T00:28:46","date_gmt":"2026-11-08T23:28:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120709"},"modified":"2026-11-08T19:33:34","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T18:33:34","slug":"demokrate-chteji-restrukturalizovat-americky-volebni-system-mocenska-hra-pred-rokem-2028","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/09\/demokrate-chteji-restrukturalizovat-americky-volebni-system-mocenska-hra-pred-rokem-2028\/","title":{"rendered":"Demokrat\u00e9 cht\u011bj\u00ed restrukturalizovat americk\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u2013 mocensk\u00e1 hra p\u0159ed rokem 2028!"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po sv\u00e9m triumfu v polovin\u011b volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed by demokrat\u00e9 mohli zm\u011bnit americk\u00fd prezidentsk\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ve sv\u016fj prosp\u011bch. Dohoda, na kter\u00e9 se pracuje ji\u017e 20 let, by zabr\u00e1nila budouc\u00edm volebn\u00edm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm, jako byla ta, kter\u00e1 zv\u00edt\u011bzili George W. Bush a Donald Trump v letech 2000 a 2016. Pouh\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i st\u00e1ty by mohly sta\u010dit k tomu, aby se pravidla hry pro rok 2028 obr\u00e1tila vzh\u016fru nohama.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Republik\u00e1ni dvakr\u00e1t vyhr\u00e1li B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm, p\u0159esto\u017ee jejich demokrati\u010dt\u00ed soupe\u0159i z\u00edskali v cel\u00e9 zemi v\u00edce hlas\u016f. Demokrat\u00e9 by mohli pr\u00e1v\u011b takov\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm v budoucnu zabr\u00e1nit zm\u011bnou pravidel pro p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f. Po sv\u00e9m triumfu v pololetn\u00edch volb\u00e1ch 3. listopadu se jim n\u00e1hle poda\u0159ilo z\u00edskat pot\u0159ebnou politickou v\u011bt\u0161inu v n\u011bkolika kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Projekt, na kter\u00e9m se pracuje ji\u017e 20 let, by mohl <\/span>z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit<\/span><\/a> americk\u00fd prezidentsk\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed rokem 2028. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed demokrati\u010dt\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci nyn\u00ed hodlaj\u00ed t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f by mohlo zru\u0161it volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pensylv\u00e1nie, Michigan, Wisconsin, Nevada a Arizona: V t\u011bchto p\u011bti st\u00e1tech ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed demokrat\u00e9 po volb\u00e1ch v polovin\u011b volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed jak funkci guvern\u00e9ra, tak ob\u011b komory z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru. To by jim umo\u017enilo p\u0159ipojit se k N\u00e1rodn\u00ed mezist\u00e1tn\u00ed dohod\u011b o lidov\u00e9m hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed (NPVIC). Tato dohoda stanov\u00ed, \u017ee volebn\u00ed hlasy z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f budou od nyn\u011bj\u0161ka ud\u011bleny celost\u00e1tn\u00edmu v\u00edt\u011bzi lidov\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 bez ohledu na to, kter\u00fd kandid\u00e1t v dan\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b z\u00edskal v\u011bt\u0161inu.<\/span><\/p>\n

K dohod\u011b<\/span><\/a> se dosud p\u0159ipojilo 18 st\u00e1t\u016f a Washington, D.C. Dohromady ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed 222 z 538 volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f. Nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 vstoupit v platnost, jakmile z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty z\u00edskaj\u00ed alespo\u0148 270 hlas\u016f. P\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00fdm nyn\u00ed vl\u00e1dnou demokrat\u00e9, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch 61 hlas\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se celkov\u00fd po\u010det hlas\u016f zvy\u0161uje na 283 \u2013 v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e po\u017eadovan\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina. Nebylo by ani nutn\u00e9, aby se p\u0159ipojilo v\u0161ech p\u011bt st\u00e1t\u016f: Pensylv\u00e1nie, Michigan, Wisconsin a Nevada by samy o sob\u011b m\u011bly 50 volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by p\u0159ekro\u010dily prahovou hodnotu. Organizace stoj\u00edc\u00ed za projektem proto vid\u00ed \u0161anci na pr\u016flom ji\u017e v roce 2027.<\/span><\/p>\n

Republik\u00e1n vyhraje st\u00e1t \u2013 demokrat\u00e9 z\u00edskaj\u00ed jeho volebn\u00ed hlasy<\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edklad<\/span><\/a> z Wisconsinu ilustruje, co to znamen\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b . Republik\u00e1nsk\u00fd prezidentsk\u00fd kandid\u00e1t tam z\u00edsk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161inu hlas\u016f. Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pravidel z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 deset volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f st\u00e1tu. Pokud by se v\u0161ak Wisconsin k dohod\u011b p\u0159ipojil a ta by vstoupila v platnost, v\u00fdsledek by mohl b\u00fdt zcela jin\u00fd: Pokud by jeho demokratick\u00fd soupe\u0159 vyhr\u00e1l celost\u00e1tn\u00ed volby, v\u0161ech deset volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f Wisconsinu by p\u0159ipadlo demokrat\u016fm. Republik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina ve st\u00e1t\u011b by pro rozd\u011blen\u00ed t\u011bchto hlas\u016f byla irelevantn\u00ed. Hlasy ob\u010dan\u016f by se sice st\u00e1le po\u010d\u00edtaly v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, ale jejich rozhodnut\u00ed o v\u00edt\u011bzi ve Wisconsinu by ji\u017e nem\u011blo stejnou v\u00e1hu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Volebn\u00ed sbor by form\u00e1ln\u011b z\u016fstal zachov\u00e1n, ale jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e1 funkce by se z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti stala zastaralou. M\u00edsto p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed voli\u010d\u016f podle v\u011bt\u0161iny hlas\u016f v ka\u017ed\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b by o v\u00fdsledku nakonec rozhodoval celkov\u00fd celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u00fdsledek. Inici\u00e1to\u0159i hodlaj\u00ed obej\u00edt form\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed dodatek a m\u00edsto toho se spol\u00e9hat na jednoduch\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1kony a dohodu mezi st\u00e1ty. To by fakticky transformovalo americk\u00fd feder\u00e1ln\u00ed volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m na celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Posledn\u00edch 20 let tento projekt prosazovali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm demokrat\u00e9<\/span><\/h3>\n

Reformu americk\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu po dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed t\u00e1hli p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm demokrat\u00e9. Podle volebn\u00edho port\u00e1lu <\/span>Ballotpedia<\/span><\/a> pat\u0159\u00ed v\u0161ichni guvern\u00e9\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud podepsali odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, k Demokratick\u00e9 stran\u011b. Z 18 z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f m\u011blo v dob\u011b p\u0159istoupen\u00ed 16 \u00faplnou demokratickou v\u011bt\u0161inu. Ani jeden st\u00e1t se nep\u0159ipojil pod v\u00fdhradn\u011b republik\u00e1nskou vl\u00e1dou. Maine z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1lil v roce 2024 bez podpisu sv\u00e9ho demokratick\u00e9ho guvern\u00e9ra. Dynamika mocensk\u00fdch stran, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za t\u00edmto reformn\u00edm projektem, je tedy jasn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed sah\u00e1 a\u017e do prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb v roce 2000. Tehdy George W. Bush zv\u00edt\u011bzil nad Alem Gorem, p\u0159esto\u017ee demokrat z\u00edskal celost\u00e1tn\u011b v\u00edce hlas\u016f. Organizace National Popular Vote byla zalo\u017eena v roce 2006. O deset let pozd\u011bji Donald Trump poskytl zast\u00e1nc\u016fm zm\u011bn dal\u0161\u00ed argument: V roce 2016 z\u00edskala Hillary Clintonov\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o t\u0159i miliony hlas\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e republik\u00e1n, ale prohr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b tehdej\u0161\u00edho s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed hlas\u016f by podle nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vyhr\u00e1la B\u00edl\u00fd d\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dv\u011b v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed republik\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e1 zp\u016fsobila demokrat\u016fm obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bolestiv\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky, by m\u011bla v r\u00e1mci celost\u00e1tn\u00edho v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jin\u00fd v\u00fdsledek. To, \u017ee to automaticky nezv\u00fdhod\u0148uje demokraty, uk\u00e1zal Trump v roce 2024. P\u0159i sv\u00e9m znovuzvolen\u00ed z\u00edskal p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 77,3 milionu hlas\u016f a tak\u00e9 vyhr\u00e1l sbor volitel\u016f s jeho 312 hlasy. Nov\u00e9 pravidlo by tehdy v\u00fdsledek nezm\u011bnilo. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 cesta do B\u00edl\u00e9ho domu, kde se kandid\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t prezidentem v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch st\u00e1tech i bez celost\u00e1tn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny, by v\u0161ak byla v budoucnu zablokov\u00e1na \u2013 a m\u011bla by tendenci prim\u00e1rn\u011b prosp\u00edvat Demokratick\u00e9 stran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demokrati\u010dt\u00ed z\u00e1konod\u00e1rci se cht\u011bj\u00ed pustit do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

To, \u017ee nov\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity k prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed reformn\u00edho projektu, ji\u017e jasn\u011b d\u00e1vaj\u00ed najevo n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed demokrati\u010dt\u00ed politici. Carrie Rheingansov\u00e1 z Michiganu listu New York Times sd\u011blila, \u017ee nastal ten spr\u00e1vn\u00fd \u010das. Volebn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch jej\u00ed strany by pomohl posunout iniciativu vp\u0159ed v cel\u00e9 zemi. Ve Wisconsinu jej\u00ed kolegyn\u011b z Demokratick\u00e9 strany Clintonov\u00e1 Andersonov\u00e1 ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee znovu p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona. Demokratick\u00e1 sen\u00e1torka Kelda Roysov\u00e1 chce, aby se ot\u00e1zka celost\u00e1tn\u00edch prezidentsk\u00fdch voleb \u0159e\u0161ila na za\u010d\u00e1tku nov\u00e9ho legislativn\u00edho zased\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demokratick\u00e1 p\u0159edsedkyn\u011b Sen\u00e1tu st\u00e1tu Maine, Mattie Daughtryov\u00e1, tak\u00e9 vid\u00ed v nov\u00fdch v\u011bt\u0161in\u00e1ch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou je podle n\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit jej\u00ed vlastn\u00ed stranick\u00e9 kolegy, aby skute\u010dn\u011b vyu\u017eili sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 moci k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b. Maine se k dohod\u011b p\u0159ipojilo v roce 2024. Nyn\u00ed by mohly n\u00e1sledovat i dal\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty veden\u00e9 demokraty. Jde o mnohem v\u00edc ne\u017e jen o jednoduchou zm\u011bnu z\u00e1kona: rozhodnut\u00ed jen n\u011bkolika st\u00e1t\u016f by mohla zm\u011bnit pravidla pro v\u0161echny budouc\u00ed prezidentsk\u00e9 volby v USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokonce i demokrat\u00e9 se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed o pr\u00e1va sv\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/h3>\n

To, \u017ee i v Demokratick\u00e9 stran\u011b existuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 obavy z takov\u00fdch zm\u011bn volebn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, bylo v <\/span>Nevad\u011b<\/span><\/a> patrn\u00e9 ji\u017e v roce 2019. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed demokratick\u00fd guvern\u00e9r Steve Sisolak odm\u00edtl podepsat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kon o p\u0159istoupen\u00ed. Varoval, \u017ee men\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty by mohly ztratit politick\u00fd vliv. Jejich voli\u010di by mo\u017en\u00e1 museli podpo\u0159it kandid\u00e1ta, kter\u00e9ho v\u011bt\u0161ina jejich vlastn\u00ed populace odm\u00edtla. Sisolak necht\u011bl pod\u0159\u00eddit z\u00e1jmy Nevady rozhodnut\u00edm lidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. Proti n\u00e1vrhu se tehdy postavilo i n\u011bkolik demokratick\u00fdch z\u00e1konod\u00e1rc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b politick\u00e9 opozice se r\u00fdsuje i \u00fastavn\u00ed spor. Expert na volebn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo Derek Muller z University of Notre Dame <\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a> , \u017ee takov\u00e1 dohoda by vy\u017eadovala schv\u00e1len\u00ed americk\u00e9ho Kongresu. Z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by se koneckonc\u016f zav\u00e1zaly ke spole\u010dn\u00e9mu postupu pro p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch volebn\u00edch hlas\u016f. Zast\u00e1nci reforem se naopak dovol\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edho pr\u00e1va st\u00e1t\u016f rozhodovat o sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch volebn\u00edch hlasech. V\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 slu\u017eba Kongresu se t\u011bmito pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi ot\u00e1zkami ji\u017e podrobn\u011b zab\u00fdvala. Mo\u017enost\u00ed je proto i p\u0159\u00edpad p\u0159ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm soudem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dohoda obsahuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd term\u00edn pro prezidentsk\u00e9 volby v roce 2028. St\u00e1ty s alespo\u0148 270 volebn\u00edmi hlasy se mus\u00ed z\u00fa\u010dastnit do 20. \u010dervence 2028, aby nov\u00e1 pravidla vstoupila v platnost. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e1 je <\/span>klauzule o odstoupen\u00ed<\/span><\/a> : pokud st\u00e1t odstoup\u00ed od dohody b\u011bhem posledn\u00edch \u0161esti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f prezidentsk\u00e9ho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed, toto odstoupen\u00ed nenabude \u00fa\u010dinnosti d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e po za\u010d\u00e1tku dal\u0161\u00edho funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nov\u00e9 demokratick\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161iny by mohly vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9 prezidentsk\u00e9 volby ji\u017e v roce 2027.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po sv\u00e9m triumfu v polovin\u011b volebn\u00edho obdob\u00ed by demokrat\u00e9 mohli zm\u011bnit americk\u00fd prezidentsk\u00fd volebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120710,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1310,37,27,12015],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120709"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120709"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120709\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120710"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120709"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120709"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120709"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}