{"id":120543,"date":"2026-11-07T00:40:39","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T23:40:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120543"},"modified":"2026-11-06T16:22:53","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T15:22:53","slug":"ebola-afrika-celi-nejhorsi-epidemii-ve-sve-historii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/07\/ebola-afrika-celi-nejhorsi-epidemii-ve-sve-historii\/","title":{"rendered":"Ebola: Afrika \u010del\u00ed nejhor\u0161\u00ed epidemii ve sv\u00e9 historii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Epidemie eboly, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm kmenem Bundibugyo (virus Bundibugyo Ebola), se b\u011bhem p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila z lok\u00e1ln\u00edho ohniska ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo (DRK) na to, co je ji\u017e ozna\u010dov\u00e1no za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed krizi, jak\u00e1 kdy byla zaznamen\u00e1na. Zat\u00edmco je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed m\u011bs\u00edcem byly mimo DRK hl\u00e1\u0161eny pouze ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 importovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady, virus se nyn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed, st\u0159edn\u00ed a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky a dos\u00e1hl Nig\u00e9rie, nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b kontinentu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Na konci \u0159\u00edjna <\/span>bylo<\/span><\/a> potvrzeno 10 172 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a 4 932 \u00famrt\u00ed, drtiv\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo, ale pouh\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady objevuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bza hranicemi, m\u011bn\u00ed rozsah hrozby.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rychlost \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed je bezprecedentn\u00ed: hranice 1 000 potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f byla p\u0159ekro\u010dena za 40 dn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco v roce 2018 to trvalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 235 dn\u00ed. Organizace L\u00e9ka\u0159i bez hranic (MSF) uvedla, \u017ee se virus \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed po Africe jako masivn\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV t\u00e9to epidemii jsme <\/span>jako hasi\u010di \u010del\u00edc\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9mu po\u017e\u00e1ru<\/span><\/a> s n\u011bkolika ohnisky r\u016fzn\u00e9 intenzity,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 St\u00e9phanie Hoffmannov\u00e1, vedouc\u00ed Centra pro l\u00e9\u010dbu eboly (ETC) organizace L\u00e9ka\u0159i bez hranic v Butembu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad eboly v Nig\u00e9rii za v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let <\/span>byl potvrzen<\/span><\/a> 20. \u0159\u00edjna u diplomatky, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ijela z Ugandy. P\u0159\u00edznaky se objevily 7. \u0159\u00edjna, dva dny po jej\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjezdu, a v soukrom\u00e9 klinice byla hospitalizov\u00e1na a\u017e 11. \u0159\u00edjna, o \u010dty\u0159i dny pozd\u011bji. B\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se pacientka domn\u00edvala, \u017ee m\u00e1 mal\u00e1rii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Laboratorn\u00ed anal\u00fdza potvrdila alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed diagn\u00f3zu teprve p\u0159ed dv\u011bma dny. Pacientka je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ve v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9m stavu. \u00da\u0159ady sleduj\u00ed 44 lid\u00ed, s nimi\u017e byla v kontaktu, z nich\u017e v\u011bt\u0161ina jsou zdravotn\u00edci.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, \u017ee m\u00edsto n\u00e1kazy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159edm\u011btem debaty. Uganda trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee \u017eena pouze proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bla jej\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm a vracela se z pracovn\u00ed cesty do v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo. \u201eTranzit p\u0159es Ugandu neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee k n\u00e1kaze do\u0161lo zde. M\u00edsto n\u00e1kazy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 otev\u0159enou ot\u00e1zkou,\u201c zd\u016fraznilo ugandsk\u00e9 ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nig\u00e9rie v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed jen bod na map\u011b. Je to nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b kontinentu s v\u00edce ne\u017e 240 miliony obyvatel, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kvalitativn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00e9 riziko dal\u0161\u00edho p\u0159enosu viru.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eOb\u00e1v\u00e1m se, \u017ee nyn\u00ed, kdy\u017e <\/span>se virus roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il<\/span><\/a> z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Afriky do z\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky, se pot\u00fdk\u00e1me s celoafrick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem a ne se situac\u00ed, kter\u00e1 postihuje pouze n\u011bkolik zem\u00ed v rizikov\u00fdch oblastech,\u201c \u0159ekla <\/span>televizi CBC<\/span><\/em> nigerijsk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka Ayoade Olatunbosun-Alakija . Podle n\u00ed uplynulo mezi propuknut\u00edm nemoci a jej\u00ed identifikac\u00ed 12 dn\u00ed a b\u011bhem t\u00e9to doby se nemoc mohla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V Keni, kde dosud nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady eboly, se situace odehr\u00e1vala podle podobn\u00e9ho sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e. Prvn\u00ed pacient, ke\u0148sk\u00fd podnikatel, kter\u00fd \u017eil 7 let v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo, dorazil do Nairobi p\u0159es Ugandu 3. \u0159\u00edjna, podstoupil obvykl\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed na leti\u0161ti a o n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji zem\u0159el.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Do 21. \u0159\u00edjna se po\u010det potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f ji\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161il na 9: mezi naka\u017een\u00fdmi byli 4 p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed prvn\u00edho pacienta, 3 zdravotn\u00edci a ukl\u00edze\u010dka v nemocnici. V\u00edce ne\u017e 130 lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v kontaktu s prvn\u00edm ke\u0148sk\u00fdm pacientem, je v karant\u00e9n\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti si Ke\u0148an\u00e9 p\u0159ipomn\u011bli kontroverzn\u00ed karant\u00e9nn\u00ed centrum, kter\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vybudovaly na leteck\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u011b Laikipia pobl\u00ed\u017e m\u011bsta Nanyuki pro Ameri\u010dany vracej\u00edc\u00ed se ze zem\u011b. V\u00fdstavba centra, proti kter\u00e9 se m\u00edstn\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 stav\u011bli, byla pozastavena soudn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkazem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1vy o obnoven\u00ed pr\u00e1ce se od t\u00e9 doby \u0161\u00ed\u0159ily, ale nebyly ofici\u00e1ln\u011b potvrzeny. Mezit\u00edm americk\u00e9 ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed doporu\u010dilo sv\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm, aby necestovali do Keni.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9 Uganda za\u017eila vlastn\u00ed ohnisko eboly: v kv\u011btnu a \u010dervnu tam bylo zaznamen\u00e1no 20 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich byla importov\u00e1na, spolu se dv\u011bma \u00famrt\u00edmi. 27. srpna WHO prohl\u00e1sila <\/span>zemi za prostou eboly<\/span><\/a> po 42 dnech bez nov\u00e9ho potvrzen\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edpadu a od 21. \u010dervna nebyly zaznamen\u00e1ny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 nov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159es Ugandu v\u0161ak pro\u0161li dva \u201evyvezen\u00ed\u201c pacienti. Form\u00e1ln\u011b Uganda nen\u00ed do ni\u010deho zapletena, ale neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fkazy o tom, \u017ee by tam byla nemoc skute\u010dn\u011b vym\u00fdcena.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Epicentrum epidemie z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo, kde se virus geograficky d\u00e1le \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed byl p\u0159\u00edtomen v 6 provinci\u00edch, do konce \u0159\u00edjna jich ji\u017e postihl 8: naposledy Severn\u00ed Ubangi, hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed se St\u0159edoafrickou republikou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Provincie Ituri z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v \u010dele a soust\u0159e\u010fuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, ale nov\u00e1 ohniska se objevuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bv Severn\u00edm Kivu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f je opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di: dv\u011b t\u0159etiny ob\u011bt\u00ed viru v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo um\u00edraj\u00ed mimo specializovan\u00e1 centra, co\u017e vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed riziko p\u0159enosu. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % nov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nen\u00ed uvedeno v kontaktn\u00edch seznamech zn\u00e1m\u00fdch pacient\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eEbola je nemoc, kter\u00e1 <\/span>postihuje celou spole\u010dnost<\/span><\/a> . Pokud komunita nebude spolupracovat, bude velmi t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ji p\u0159ekonat,\u201c \u0159ekl <\/span>agentu\u0159e AP<\/span><\/em> epidemiolog Serge Ngalebato, kter\u00fd pracuje v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo\u00a0 .<\/span><\/p>\n

Situaci zhor\u0161uje absence vakc\u00edny proti kmenu Bundibugyo. Klinick\u00e9 studie prob\u00edhaj\u00ed, ale zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1mo, kdy budou dokon\u010deny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem k absenci schv\u00e1len\u00e9 vakc\u00edny proti tomuto kmenu a vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba se neprok\u00e1zala jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u010dasn\u00e1 detekce a izolace kontakt\u016f prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a prozat\u00edm jedinou bari\u00e9rou proti viru. A tato bari\u00e9ra, jak ukazuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady v Keni a Nig\u00e9rii, je zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Africk\u00e1 centra pro kontrolu a prevenci nemoc\u00ed ozn\u00e1mila <\/span>\u201enal\u00e9hav\u00e9\u201c virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a> africk\u00fdch ministr\u016f zdravotnictv\u00ed na 28. \u0159\u00edjna a gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel organizace Jean Kaseya vyzval k <\/span>okam\u017eit\u00e9 mobilizaci<\/span><\/a> tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 \u201eextr\u00e9mn\u011b v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 hrozb\u011b\u201c: \u201eEbola p\u0159ekra\u010duje hranice. Na\u0161e reakce mus\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011bhnout jej\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, s u\u017e\u0161\u00ed koordinac\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed solidaritou a rozhodn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm veden\u00edm.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kaseya tak\u00e9 ozna\u010dila ohnisko eboly za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v historii a varovala: \u201eKa\u017ed\u00fd den v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed stoj\u00ed \u017eivoty. Zdravotn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost v Africe je zdravotn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Zastaven\u00ed eboly v Africe dnes znamen\u00e1 ochranu cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Epidemie eboly, zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm kmenem Bundibugyo (virus Bundibugyo Ebola), se b\u011bhem p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila z…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120544,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,493,115],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120543"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}