{"id":120507,"date":"2026-11-07T00:16:33","date_gmt":"2026-11-06T23:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120507"},"modified":"2026-11-06T08:06:36","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T07:06:36","slug":"denisa-sudolska-prodlouzeni-promlceci-doby-u-vrazdy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/07\/denisa-sudolska-prodlouzeni-promlceci-doby-u-vrazdy\/","title":{"rendered":"Denisa Sudolsk\u00e1: Prodlou\u017een\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby u vra\u017edy"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Velk\u00e1 novela trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku – Proml\u010dec\u00ed doba vra\u017edy se zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 30let<\/h3>\n

\u00davod:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

K\u00a01.\u00a01.\u00a02026 nabyla \u00fa\u010dinnosti podstatn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st z\u00e1kona \u010d.\u00a0270\/2025 Sb.[1]<\/a>, j\u00ed\u017e se v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem novelizuje v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u011b trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk (d\u00e1le jen \u201eTZ<\/strong>\u201c)[2]<\/a>. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to tzv.\u00a0Velk\u00e9 novely trestn\u00edho pr\u00e1va hmotn\u00e9ho, kter\u00e1 reaguje zejm\u00e9na na p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed problematiku p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u011bznic v\u00a0\u010cR, je, zjednodu\u0161en\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det ukl\u00e1dan\u00fdch nepodm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch trest\u016f odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody, zefektivnit cel\u00e9 trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a\u00a0podpo\u0159it prevenci i\u00a0skute\u010dnou n\u00e1pravu pachatel\u016f trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed zm\u011bny v\u00a0trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu hmotn\u00e9m od 1.\u00a01.\u00a02026:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0nejv\u00edce medi\u00e1ln\u011b diskutovan\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 tato novela od 1.\u00a01.\u00a02026 zav\u00e1d\u00ed, pat\u0159\u00ed mj.\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed skutkov\u00e9 podstaty trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zalo\u017een\u00ed, podpora a\u00a0propagace hnut\u00ed sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho k\u00a0potla\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1v a\u00a0svobod \u010dlov\u011bka podle \u00a7 403 TZ<\/strong>, \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 dekriminalizace nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161kodliv\u00fdch forem nakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00a0konop\u00edm<\/strong> a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed komplexn\u00ed \u00faprava drogov\u00e9 kriminality<\/strong> v\u00a0hlav\u011b VII. zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti TZ, nov\u00fd trestn\u00fd \u010din zneu\u017eit\u00ed identity k\u00a0v\u00fdrob\u011b pornografie a\u00a0jej\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed podle \u00a7 191a TZ<\/strong>, d\u00e1le \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 dekriminalizace trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy podle \u00a7 196 TZ<\/strong>, \u00faprava recidivn\u00edch majetkov\u00fdch delikt\u016f<\/strong> \u010di\u00a0komplexn\u00ed pos\u00edlen\u00ed role pen\u011b\u017eit\u00e9ho trestu<\/strong>, jen\u017e mohou soudy nov\u011b ulo\u017eit za jak\u00fdkoliv trestn\u00fd \u010din za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee to povaha trestn\u00ed v\u011bci umo\u017e\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

Prodlou\u017een\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby u\u00a0vra\u017edy:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nem\u00e9n\u011b v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnou, kter\u00e1 by nem\u011bla zapadnout, pak bezpochyby je i\u00a0prodlou\u017een\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby u\u00a0trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu vra\u017edy podle \u00a7 140 odst. 1 a\u00a0odst. 2 TZ<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 se z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00edch 15 let zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 30 let<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Proml\u010den\u00ed je v\u00a0trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu velice v\u00fdznamn\u00fd institut, nebo\u0165 uplynut\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby p\u0159edstavuje jedinou podm\u00ednku z\u00e1niku trestn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti. To, lapid\u00e1rn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokud uplyne z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00e1 doba od sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pachatel za trestn\u00fd \u010din odsouzen.<\/p>\n

Institut proml\u010den\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu je obecn\u011b zd\u016fvod\u0148ov\u00e1n t\u00edm, \u017ee z\u00a0hlediska efektu trestu je vhodn\u00e9 jej ud\u011blit co nejd\u0159\u00edve po\u00a0sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, nebo\u0165 jen tehdy m\u016f\u017ee plnit trest svou preventivn\u00ed i\u00a0v\u00fdchovnou roli. Naopak opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 potrest\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 mnohem men\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam jak pro spole\u010dnost, tak pro pachatele samotn\u00e9ho. To se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed i\u00a0na tom, \u017ee d\u00e9lka proml\u010dec\u00ed doby je v\u00a0\u00a7 34 TZ stanovena odli\u0161n\u011b, a\u00a0to dle typov\u00e9 z\u00e1va\u017enosti trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f. B\u011bh proml\u010dec\u00ed doby v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ovlivn\u011bn (naru\u0161en) n\u011bkter\u00fdmi skute\u010dnostmi, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed bu\u010f to, \u017ee se proml\u010dec\u00ed doba stav\u00ed (po\u00a0odpadnut\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky jej\u00ed b\u011bh pokra\u010duje \u2013 viz \u00a7 34 odst. 3 TZ), anebo \u017ee se proml\u010dec\u00ed doba p\u0159eru\u0161uje (\u010d\u00edm\u017e automaticky za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 b\u011b\u017eet proml\u010dec\u00ed doba nov\u00e1, tj.\u00a0od po\u010d\u00e1tku \u2013 viz \u00a7\u00a034 odst. 4 a\u00a05 TZ).<\/p>\n

Do \u00fa\u010dinnosti p\u0159edm\u011btn\u00e9 novely \u010dinila proml\u010dec\u00ed doba u\u00a0zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu vra\u017edy 30 let, av\u0161ak pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b kvalifikovan\u00e9 skutkov\u00e9 podstaty podle \u00a7 140 odst. 3 TZ (tj.\u00a0nap\u0159.\u00a0p\u0159i\u00a0vra\u017ed\u011b dvou \u010di\u00a0v\u00edce osob, p\u0159i\u00a0vra\u017ed\u011b t\u011bhotn\u00e9 \u017eeny, d\u00edt\u011bte mlad\u0161\u00edho 15 let, p\u0159i\u00a0vra\u017ed\u011b sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 surov\u00fdm nebo tr\u00fdzniv\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem etc.). Naopak v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b vra\u017edy prost\u00e9 (\u00a7 140 odst. 1 TZ) \u010di\u00a0vra\u017edy premeditovan\u00e9 (\u00a7 140 odst. 2 TZ) \u010dinila proml\u010dec\u00ed doba pouze 15 let. Tato dvojkolejnost byla v\u00a0komparaci s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi \u0159\u00e1dy abnorm\u00e1ln\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e d\u00e9lka proml\u010dec\u00ed doby u\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skutkov\u00fdch podstat trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu vra\u017edy byla v\u00a0\u010cR stejn\u00e1, jako nap\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0Rumunsku.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0komparaci s\u00a0ostatn\u00edmi evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty velmi kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 proml\u010dec\u00ed doba trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu vra\u017edy byla dlouhodob\u011b kritizov\u00e1na, a\u00a0tak lze jej\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00ed u\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edch skutkov\u00fdch podstat hodnotit veskrze pozitivn\u011b. \u010cesk\u00e1 trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava proml\u010dec\u00ed doby vra\u017edy je tak od 1.\u00a01.\u00a02026 stejn\u00e1 jako nap\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0N\u011bmecku, \u0160pan\u011blsku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku \u010di\u00a0It\u00e1lii. Naopak kup\u0159.\u00a0v\u00a0Polsku je proml\u010dec\u00ed doba vra\u017edy 40 let a\u00a0v\u00a0Norsku \u010di\u00a0\u0160v\u00e9dsku je vra\u017eda neproml\u010diteln\u00e1, stejn\u011b jako v\u00a0USA, Austr\u00e1lii, Anglii \u010di\u00a0Kanad\u011b.<\/p>\n

Je nesporn\u00e9, \u017ee vra\u017eda je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, jeho\u017e dopady jsou nenapraviteln\u00e9<\/strong>. Prodlou\u017een\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby tak umo\u017en\u00ed org\u00e1n\u016fm \u010dinn\u00fdm v\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed postavit pachatele p\u0159ed soud i\u00a0po\u00a0dlouh\u00e9 dob\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se zvy\u0161uje pravd\u011bpodobnost dosa\u017een\u00ed spravedlnosti<\/strong>. D\u016fvodem, pro kter\u00fd k\u00a0prodlou\u017een\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby do\u0161lo, je i\u00a0v\u00fdvoj kriminalistiky a\u00a0nov\u00fdch forenzn\u00edch technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed identifikaci pachatel\u016f i\u00a0po\u00a0n\u011bkolik des\u00edtk\u00e1ch let. Del\u0161\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doba tak m\u016f\u017ee zajistit, \u017ee i\u00a0s\u00a0odstupem \u010dasu bude p\u0159\u00edpad efektivn\u011b vy\u0161et\u0159en a\u00a0pachatele usv\u011bd\u010den<\/strong>.[3]<\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n

Od novely trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku lze o\u010dek\u00e1vat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trestn\u00ed politiku, \u00falevu p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm v\u011bznic\u00edm a\u00a0pos\u00edlen\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bry ve\u0159ejnosti ve spravedliv\u00e9 postihy<\/strong>. A\u010dkoliv n\u011bkter\u00e9 zm\u011bny, kter\u00e9 novela zav\u00e1d\u00ed, jsou v\u00edce \u010di\u00a0m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fvodn\u011b kritizov\u00e1ny (nap\u0159.\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e1 dekriminalizace trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu zanedb\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy \u010di\u00a0\u00faprava recidivn\u00edch majetkov\u00fdch delikt\u016f), v\u00a0obecn\u00e9 rovin\u011b p\u0159edstavuje novela trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku v\u00fdznamnou pozitivn\u00ed zm\u011bnu, kter\u00e1 je souladn\u00e1 s\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstupem k\u00a0trestn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed problematice v\u00a0ostatn\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Jednou z\u00a0nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zm\u011bn je pak jist\u011b i\u00a0prodlou\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0sjednocen\u00ed proml\u010dec\u00ed doby u\u00a0trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu vra\u017edy podle \u00a7 140 TZ<\/strong>. Ta u v\u0161ech skutkov\u00fdch podstat \u010din\u00ed od 1.\u00a01.\u00a02026 dobu 30 let<\/strong>, co\u017e \u010cR stav\u00ed narove\u0148 s\u00a0pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi \u0159\u00e1dy N\u011bmecka, \u0160pan\u011blska, It\u00e1lie \u010di\u00a0\u0160v\u00fdcarska.<\/p>\n

Tuto zm\u011bnu tak lze bezpochyby kvitovat, p\u0159esto\u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1me, \u017ee by s\u00a0ohledem na z\u00e1va\u017enost (spole\u010denskou \u0161kodlivost) tohoto trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu a\u00a0nenapravitelnost jeho n\u00e1sledk\u016f bylo jist\u011b vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u00a0spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, aby vra\u017eda, tak jako v\u00a0jin\u00fdch (nejen evropsk\u00fdch) zem\u00edch, pat\u0159ila mezi trestn\u00e9 \u010diny neproml\u010diteln\u00e9<\/strong>, kam se v\u00a0sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u0159ad\u00ed toliko v\u011bt\u0161ina trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f proti lidskosti, proti m\u00edru a\u00a0v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f, d\u00e1le n\u011bkter\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny proti republice, pokud byly sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny za takov\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed, \u017ee zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd zlo\u010din nebo zlo\u010din proti lidskosti podle p\u0159edpis\u016f mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, a\u00a0kone\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 trestn\u00e9 \u010diny sp\u00e1chan\u00e9 v\u00a0tzv.\u00a0obdob\u00ed nesvobody (tj.\u00a0od 25.\u00a02.\u00a01948 do\u00a029.\u00a012.\u00a01989), je\u017e byly sp\u00e1ch\u00e1ny ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi \u010diniteli nebo v\u00a0r\u00e1mci politick\u00e9ho, rasov\u00e9ho \u010di\u00a0n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9ho pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a\u00a0k\u00a0odsouzen\u00ed \u010di\u00a0zpro\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ob\u017ealoby nedo\u0161lo z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f neslu\u010diteln\u00fdch se z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi z\u00e1sadami pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du demokratick\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu (viz \u00a7 35 TZ). T\u00fdm AK Sudolsk\u00e1<\/a><\/p>\n

JUDr. Denisa Sudolsk\u00e1<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/a> https:\/\/odok.gov.cz\/portal\/veklep\/material\/KORND3QJZZZ3\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zakonyprolidi.cz\/cs\/2009-40<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Srov. Pozm\u011b\u0148ovac\u00ed poslaneck\u00fd n\u00e1vrh k\u00a0vl\u00e1dn\u00edmu n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a040\/2009 Sb., trestn\u00ed z\u00e1kon\u00edk, ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, z\u00e1kon \u010d.\u00a0141\/1961 Sb., o\u00a0trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed soudn\u00edm (trestn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a\u00a0dal\u0161\u00ed souvisej\u00edc\u00ed z\u00e1kony, ST 861, z\u00a022.\u00a04.\u00a02025.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Velk\u00e1 novela trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku – Proml\u010dec\u00ed doba vra\u017edy se zv\u00fd\u0161ila na 30let \u00davod: K\u00a01.\u00a01.\u00a02026 nabyla…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24220,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[11995,57,858,184],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120507"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120507"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120507\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120507"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120507"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120507"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}