{"id":120186,"date":"2026-11-04T00:23:10","date_gmt":"2026-11-03T23:23:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120186"},"modified":"2026-11-03T13:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T12:10:11","slug":"alzheimerova-choroba-nemusi-zacinat-zapominanim-vedci-odhalili-drivejsi-varovny-signal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/04\/alzheimerova-choroba-nemusi-zacinat-zapominanim-vedci-odhalili-drivejsi-varovny-signal\/","title":{"rendered":"Alzheimerova choroba nemus\u00ed za\u010d\u00ednat zapom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm: V\u011bdci odhalili d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed varovn\u00fd sign\u00e1l"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kdy\u017e se \u0159ekne Alzheimerova choroba, v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si p\u0159edstav\u00ed zapom\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed jmen, dat \u010di ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed. Jen\u017ee prvn\u00ed varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly se mohou objevit mnohem d\u0159\u00edve a v oblasti, kterou si s pam\u011bt\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b nespojujeme \u2013 ve schopnosti orientovat se v prostoru.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumy britsk\u00fdch a belgick\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mozek m\u016f\u017ee ztr\u00e1cet schopnost p\u0159esn\u011b sledovat vlastn\u00ed pohyb je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se objev\u00ed zjevn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s pam\u011bt\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk p\u0159itom dok\u00e1\u017ee norm\u00e1ln\u011b pracovat, komunikovat a zvl\u00e1dat ka\u017edodenn\u00ed povinnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato schopnost by se v budoucnu mohla st\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v\u010dasn\u00e9ho odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed Alzheimerovy choroby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vnit\u0159n\u00ed kompas mozku<\/span><\/h2>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee stoj\u00edte uprost\u0159ed nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed. Ujedete n\u011bkolik metr\u016f rovn\u011b, odbo\u010d\u00edte doprava, pak doleva a nakonec se pokus\u00edte vr\u00e1tit na m\u00edsto, odkud jste vyjeli.<\/span><\/p>\n

I bez mapy \u010di v\u00fdrazn\u00fdch orienta\u010dn\u00edch bod\u016f v\u00e1\u0161 mozek pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b vyhodnocuje, jakou vzd\u00e1lenost jste ujeli a kter\u00fdm sm\u011brem jste se pohybovali. D\u00edky tomu si dok\u00e1\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159et p\u0159edstavu o va\u0161\u00ed aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed poloze.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tuto schopnost naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed <\/span>integrace dr\u00e1hy<\/span><\/em> . D\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i n\u00ed hraj\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 nervov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky v entorhin\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016f\u0159e, oblasti mozku, kter\u00e1 \u00fazce spolupracuje s hipokampem p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed pam\u011bti a prostorov\u00fdch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b entorhin\u00e1ln\u00ed k\u016fra pat\u0159\u00ed mezi prvn\u00ed oblasti, ve kter\u00fdch se u <\/span>Alzheimerovy choroby<\/span><\/a> objevuj\u00ed patologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny proteinu tau. Ty postupn\u011b naru\u0161uj\u00ed fungov\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00fdch bun\u011bk a \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed se do dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mozku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdce proto zaj\u00edmalo, zda se tyto procesy projev\u00ed na prostorov\u00e9 orientaci sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na v\u00fdsledc\u00edch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co odhalil experiment ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realit\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n

Brit\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v r\u00e1mci programu PREVENT Dementia zkoumali 99 dosp\u011bl\u00fdch ve v\u011bku 43 a\u017e 66 let, kte\u0159\u00ed nem\u011bli zjevn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci si nasadili br\u00fdle pro virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed realitu a pohybovali se v digit\u00e1ln\u00edm prostoru mezi t\u0159emi ku\u017eely. Jejich \u00fakolem bylo zapamatovat si ujetou trasu a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se vr\u00e1tit na v\u00fdchoz\u00ed m\u00edsto.<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch pokusech jim v\u011bdci odstranili vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 orienta\u010dn\u00ed body. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci se tak museli spol\u00e9hat p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na vlastn\u00ed odhad pohybu a sm\u011bru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lid\u00e9 s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm rizikem Alzheimerovy choroby d\u011blali p\u0159i n\u00e1vratu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed chyby. \u010cast\u011bji nespr\u00e1vn\u011b odhadovaly sm\u011br, kter\u00fdm se m\u011bly oto\u010dit, a jejich v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 poloha se v\u00edce odli\u0161ovala od skute\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdchoz\u00edho bodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko v\u011bdci posuzovali podle n\u011bkolika ukazatel\u016f v\u010detn\u011b v\u00fdskytu demence u rodi\u010d\u016f, p\u0159\u00edtomnosti genetick\u00e9 varianty APOE \u03b54 a rizikov\u00e9ho sk\u00f3re zohled\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho zdravotn\u00ed faktory.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch testech pam\u011bti se p\u0159itom takov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly neuk\u00e1zaly.<\/span><\/strong> Schopnost orientovat se podle vlastn\u00edho pohybu tedy odhalila n\u011bco, co standardn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00falohy nezachytily.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky byly publikov\u00e1ny v \u00fanoru 2024 v odborn\u00e9m \u010dasopise <\/span>Alzheimer’s & Dementia<\/span><\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Belgi\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci na\u0161li spojen\u00ed se zm\u011bnami v mozku<\/span><\/h2>\n

Podobn\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky zaznamenali i v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z belgick\u00e9 univerzity UCLouvain.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve studii publikovan\u00e9 v roce 2025 zkoumali 102 lid\u00ed star\u0161\u00edch 50 let. P\u011btasedmdes\u00e1t \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f nem\u011blo zjevn\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, dal\u0161\u00edch 27 m\u011blo m\u00edrnou kognitivn\u00ed poruchu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci porovn\u00e1vali jejich schopnost orientovat se ve virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm prostoru s v\u00fdsledky vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed mozku, kter\u00e1 sledovala p\u0159\u00edtomnost amyloidu a patologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn proteinu tau.<\/span><\/p>\n

U lid\u00ed bez zjevn\u00e9ho kognitivn\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e m\u011bli v mozku nahromad\u011bn\u00fd amyloid, se uk\u00e1zaly pot\u00ed\u017ee p\u0159i orientaci zalo\u017een\u00e9 pouze na vlastn\u00edm pohybu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se v\u0161ak v prost\u0159ed\u00ed objevil viditeln\u00fd orienta\u010dn\u00ed bod, jejich v\u00fdkon se zlep\u0161il. Mozek tedy dok\u00e1zal nedostatek \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vyrovnat pomoc\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vizu\u00e1ln\u00edch informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

U \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f s m\u00edrnou kognitivn\u00ed poruchou ji\u017e orienta\u010dn\u00ed body podobn\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed nep\u0159inesly.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci z\u00e1rove\u0148 zjistili v\u00fdznamnou souvislost mezi naviga\u010dn\u00edmi chybami a mno\u017estv\u00edm patologick\u00e9ho tau proteinu v medi\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sp\u00e1nkov\u00e9ho laloku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed prostorov\u00e9 orientace tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch projev\u016f zm\u011bn v mozkov\u00fdch oblastech, kter\u00e9 Alzheimerova choroba postihuje ji\u017e v \u010dasn\u00fdch st\u00e1di\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak si v\u0161imnout probl\u00e9m\u016f s orientac\u00ed v b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed experimenty m\u011b\u0159\u00ed velmi specifickou schopnost, kterou si \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159i ka\u017edodenn\u00edch \u010dinnostech nemus\u00ed v\u011bdom\u011b uv\u011bdomovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto existuj\u00ed situace, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se vyplat\u00ed zpozorn\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi mo\u017en\u00e9 varovn\u00e9 projevy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n