{"id":120109,"date":"2026-11-03T00:43:59","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T23:43:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=120109"},"modified":"2026-11-02T18:26:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T17:26:17","slug":"vesmirna-valka-odstrasovani-se-odehrava-na-obezne-draze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/11\/03\/vesmirna-valka-odstrasovani-se-odehrava-na-obezne-draze\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 v\u00e1lka: odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ve vesm\u00edrn\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010d v odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno lep\u0161\u00edm situa\u010dn\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00edm a tak\u00e9 \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdmi a obrann\u00fdmi schopnostmi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 ekonomika \u2013 kter\u00e1 se to\u010d\u00ed kolem vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed orbit\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru \u2013 do roku 2025 p\u0159ekro\u010dila 600 miliard dolar\u016f, a to zejm\u00e9na d\u00edky ned\u00e1vn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edchodu soukrom\u00fdch hr\u00e1\u010d\u016f nab\u00edzej\u00edc\u00edch slu\u017eby v oblasti vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed raket na orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hu a mnoha dal\u0161\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Vesm\u00edr dnes ji\u017e nen\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u00ed dom\u00e9nou st\u00e1t\u016f; je to prostor, kde soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti poskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slu\u017eby, jako je sn\u00edmkov\u00e1n\u00ed, GPS sign\u00e1ly a p\u0159\u00edstup k internetu. Vojensk\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed vesm\u00edru \u2013 nyn\u00ed pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za samostatnou dom\u00e9nu, na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako pozemn\u00ed, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, leteck\u00e1 a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i kybernetick\u00e1 dom\u00e9na \u2013 nab\u00fdv\u00e1 na st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdznamu. Vesm\u00edr skute\u010dn\u011b poskytuje kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 data pro prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed; nav\u00edc d\u00edky nov\u00fdm technologi\u00edm nyn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed procesy pro tyto operace prob\u00edhaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ve vesm\u00edru. (T\u00e9ma, kter\u00e9mu se pravideln\u011b v\u011bnujeme v na\u0161em zpravodaji <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">InsideWeek<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> ; p\u0159edplatn\u00e9 je zdarma.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zat\u00edmco p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety satelity pom\u00e1haly ozbrojen\u00fdm sil\u00e1m vid\u011bt d\u00e1le, komunikovat na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a p\u0159esn\u011b \u00fato\u010dit \u2013 a satelitn\u00ed sn\u00edmky a data varov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed raketami pom\u00e1haly voj\u00e1k\u016fm rozhodovat se o sv\u00fdch pohybech, o vhodn\u00e9m okam\u017eiku k akci nebo o \u00fakrytu \u2013 dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed mo\u017enosti nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dat shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdmi platformami p\u0159\u00edmo ve vesm\u00edru. To poskytuje okam\u017eit\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 informace bez nutnosti pozemn\u00edho zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Vesm\u00edr se proto st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le strategick\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblast\u00ed pro vojensk\u00e9 operace, ale tak\u00e9 pro obchodn\u00ed, ekonomickou a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed architekturu n\u00e1roda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V d\u016fsledku toho ot\u00e1zka vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed \u2013 tedy veden\u00ed vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00ed ve vesm\u00edru \u2013 st\u00e1le v\u00edce nab\u00fdv\u00e1 rys\u016f skute\u010dn\u00e9ho boji\u0161t\u011b, kde se konflikt projevuje vyu\u017eit\u00edm prost\u0159edk\u016f um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze. Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed americk\u00e9ho letectva ze za\u010d\u00e1tku z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ji\u017e na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu um\u00edstily \u201ezbran\u011b pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vesm\u00edru\u201c, vyvolalo zna\u010dn\u00e9 obavy. Podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch analytik\u016f by se s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed mohlo jednat o satelity ur\u010den\u00e9 k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed elektronick\u00e9ho boje (EW) \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b k ru\u0161en\u00ed vys\u00edlac\u00edch frekvenc\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch satelit\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se tyto satelity zcela vy\u0159adily z provozu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dal\u0161\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed akt\u00e9\u0159i, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Rusko, zavedli rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 programy protisatelitn\u00ed obrany (ASAT). Tyto programy se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na \u201ezabij\u00e1ck\u00e9 satelity\u201c schopn\u00e9 vypou\u0161t\u011bt mal\u00e9 projektily ur\u010den\u00e9 ke sr\u00e1\u017ece s nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdmi satelity, nebo na satelity ur\u010den\u00e9 k prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed operac\u00ed na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost, kter\u00e9 se spojuj\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi c\u00edli a odchyluj\u00ed je od jejich p\u016fvodn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. \u010c\u00edna se zam\u011b\u0159uje na pozemn\u00ed, nekanetick\u00e9 schopnosti \u2013 jako jsou lasery ur\u010den\u00e9 k oslepen\u00ed optick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f satelit\u016f na n\u00edzk\u00e9 ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze Zem\u011b (LEO) \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148, stejn\u011b jako Rusko, vlastn\u00ed rakety ASAT schopn\u00e9 zas\u00e1hnout c\u00edle ve vesm\u00edru ze zemsk\u00e9ho povrchu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zbran\u011b s \u0159\u00edzenou energi\u00ed (lasery, mikrovlny, radiofrekven\u010dn\u00ed zbran\u011b) se ukazuj\u00ed jako optim\u00e1ln\u00ed volba pro neutralizaci nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch satelit\u016f, ani\u017e by to bylo spojeneck\u00e9, a to bez nev\u00fdhody generov\u00e1n\u00ed stovek tis\u00edc kus\u016f trosek na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, kter\u00e9 by mohly zas\u00e1hnout i spojeneck\u00e9 prost\u0159edky. Ze stejn\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu se nedoporu\u010duje odp\u00e1lit jadern\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze, proto\u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd elektromagnetick\u00fd puls (EMP) nelze zadr\u017eet ani \u0159\u00eddit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doktrin\u00e1ln\u00ed dokument americk\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch sil d\u00e1le nazna\u010duje, \u017ee do roku 2040 bude vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 oblast vysoce konfliktn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00edm, v n\u011bm\u017e bude elektronick\u00fd boj (EW) hr\u00e1t vedouc\u00ed roli, a to a\u017e do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee se stane skute\u010dn\u011b nov\u00fdm rozm\u011brem boje, srovnateln\u00fdm s konven\u010dn\u00edmi konfliktn\u00edmi oblastmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kl\u00ed\u010dem k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tohoto prost\u0159ed\u00ed tedy op\u011bt spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 schopnost d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011b odstra\u0161ovat ve vesm\u00edru nebo sm\u011brem k n\u011bmu. Takov\u00e9 odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed se op\u00edr\u00e1 o dokonal\u00e9 situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed; to znamen\u00e1 nejen schopnost monitorovat vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky, ale tak\u00e9 de\u0161ifrovat jejich z\u00e1m\u011bry.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem je nezbytn\u00e9 pos\u00edlit orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed dohled vyu\u017eit\u00edm v\u0161ech zp\u016fsob\u016f pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm je nutn\u00e9 m\u00edt k dispozici orbit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed kapacity \u2013 podporovan\u00e9 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed \u2013 kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rychle zpracovat shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 data a z\u00edskat spolehliv\u00e9 informace o z\u00e1m\u011brech protivn\u00edka p\u0159i jeho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9m man\u00e9vru. I kdy\u017e je toto nov\u00e9 situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00edm bodem, kone\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem je vlastnit vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 kapacity, a to jak \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9, tak obrann\u00e9, schopn\u00e9 odradit jakoukoli nep\u0159\u00e1telskou akci protivn\u00edka, nebo ji dokonce neutralizovat. I zde, vzhledem k charakteristik\u00e1m dan\u00e9 oblasti, mus\u00ed automatizace hr\u00e1t \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed roli jak v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, tak v hodnocen\u00ed hrozeb. Implementace \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch a obrann\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt prov\u00e1d\u011bna s velkou opatrnost\u00ed, aby nedo\u0161lo k ohro\u017een\u00ed sp\u0159\u00e1telen\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f; proto by m\u011bly b\u00fdt vylou\u010deny zbra\u0148ov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u011bhem sv\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed generovat trosky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zat\u00edmco odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je vypracovat opera\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny pro vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, a to jak pro \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho selh\u00e1n\u00ed odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, tak pro reakci na agresivn\u00ed aktivity \u201epod prahem konfliktu\u201c \u2013 akce, kter\u00e9 v posledn\u00edch letech pozorovali akt\u00e9\u0159i, jako je Rusko a \u010c\u00edna. V t\u00e9to souvislosti je ne\u010dinnost kontraproduktivn\u00ed: pouze povzbuzuje protivn\u00edka a nab\u00e1d\u00e1 ho k zintenzivn\u011bn\u00ed konfrontace. Pak existuje riziko dosa\u017een\u00ed bodu, odkud nen\u00ed n\u00e1vratu, kdy by se bohu\u017eel stejn\u011b agresivn\u00ed reakce stala nevyhnutelnou a spustila eskalaci, kter\u00e1 by se neomezovala pouze na vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vk.ru\/wall-234015974_4088\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Paolo Hamidouche<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ve vesm\u00edrn\u00e9m v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010d v odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9ho mus\u00ed b\u00fdt dosa\u017eeno lep\u0161\u00edm situa\u010dn\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00edm a&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":120110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[40,88,1985],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120109"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120109"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/120109\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/120110"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120109"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=120109"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=120109"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}