{"id":11996,"date":"2022-07-01T01:06:19","date_gmt":"2022-06-30T23:06:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=11996"},"modified":"2022-06-30T15:57:12","modified_gmt":"2022-06-30T13:57:12","slug":"ukrajina-je-posledni-katastrofou-neokonzervativcu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/07\/01\/ukrajina-je-posledni-katastrofou-neokonzervativcu\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrajina je posledn\u00ed katastrofou neokonzervativc\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b je vyvrcholen\u00edm 30let\u00e9ho projektu americk\u00e9ho neokonzervativn\u00edho hnut\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e Jeffrey D. Sachsna VeteransToday.<\/b><\/p>\n

Bidenova administrativa je pln\u00e1 stejn\u00fdch neocon\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed bojovali za americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v\u00a0Srbsku (1999), Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu (2001), Ir\u00e1ku (2003), S\u00fdrii (2011), Libyi (2011) a\u00a0kte\u0159\u00ed ud\u011blali tolik pro provokaci Ruska. invaze na Ukrajinu.<\/p>\n

Neokonzervativn\u00ed hnut\u00ed je jedn\u00edm z\u00a0nezm\u011brn\u00fdch katastrof, p\u0159esto Biden obsadil sv\u016fj t\u00fdm neokony. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee Biden sm\u011b\u0159uje Ukrajinu, USA a\u00a0Evropskou unii k\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edmu geopolitick\u00e9mu debaklu. Pokud m\u00e1 Evropa n\u011bjak\u00fd p\u0159ehled, odd\u011bl\u00ed se od t\u011bchto debakl\u016f zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky USA.<\/b><\/p>\n

Neokonzervativn\u00ed hnut\u00ed vzniklo v\u00a070.\u00a0letech kolem skupiny ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch intelektu\u00e1l\u016f, z\u00a0nich\u017e n\u011bkolik bylo ovlivn\u011bno politologem Leo Straussem z\u00a0Chicagsk\u00e9 univerzity a\u00a0klasicistou z\u00a0Yalesk\u00e9 univerzity Donaldem Kaganem. Mezi neoconsk\u00e9 v\u016fdce pat\u0159ili Norman Podhoretz, Irving Kristol, Paul Wolfowitz, Robert Kagan (syn Donalda), Frederick Kagan (syn Donalda), Victoria Nuland (man\u017eelka Roberta), Elliott Cohen, Elliott Abrams a\u00a0Kimberley Allen Kagan (man\u017eelka Fredericka ).<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm poselstv\u00edm neokonzervativc\u016f je, \u017ee USA mus\u00ed m\u00edt vojenskou moc v\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00e9m regionu sv\u011bta a\u00a0mus\u00ed \u010delit rostouc\u00edm region\u00e1ln\u00edm mocnostem, kter\u00e9 by jednoho dne mohly zpochybnit glob\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo region\u00e1ln\u00ed dominanci USA, nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je Rusko a\u00a0\u010c\u00edna. Za t\u00edmto \u00fa\u010delem by americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 s\u00edla m\u011bla b\u00fdt p\u0159edem rozm\u00edst\u011bna na stovk\u00e1ch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen po\u00a0cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a\u00a0USA by m\u011bly b\u00fdt p\u0159ipraveny v\u00e9st v\u00e1lky dle vlastn\u00edho v\u00fdb\u011bru podle pot\u0159eby. Spojen\u00e9 n\u00e1rody mohou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pou\u017e\u00edvat pouze v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro \u00fa\u010dely USA.
\n<\/b>
\nTento p\u0159\u00edstup poprv\u00e9 vyj\u00e1d\u0159il Paul Wolfowitz ve sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vrhu Sm\u011brnice obrann\u00e9 politiky (DPG) napsan\u00e9 pro ministerstvo obrany v\u00a0roce 2002. N\u00e1vrh po\u017eadoval roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pod veden\u00edm USA do st\u0159edn\u00ed a\u00a0v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy navzdory v\u00fdslovn\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edslibu N\u011bmc\u016f. Ministr zahrani\u010d\u00ed Hans-Dietrich Genscher v\u00a0roce 1990 prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee po\u00a0sjednocen\u00ed N\u011bmecka nebude n\u00e1sledovat roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO na v\u00fdchod.<\/p>\n

Wolfowitz se tak\u00e9 zastal americk\u00fdch v\u00e1lek, kdy\u017e h\u00e1jil pr\u00e1vo Ameriky jednat nez\u00e1visle, dokonce i\u00a0samostatn\u011b, v\u00a0reakci na krize, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed USA. Podle gener\u00e1la Wesleyho Clarka Wolfowitz Clarkovi ji\u017e v\u00a0kv\u011btnu 1991 jasn\u011b \u0159ekl, \u017ee USA povedou operace pro zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu v\u00a0Ir\u00e1ku, S\u00fdrii a\u00a0na \u00fazem\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch b\u00fdval\u00fdch sov\u011btsk\u00fdch spojenc\u00edch.
\n<\/b>
\nNeoconi prosazovali roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO o\u00a0Ukrajinu je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e se stalo ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed politikou USA za George W. Bushe mlad\u0161\u00edho v\u00a0roce 2008.\u00a0\u010clenstv\u00ed Ukrajiny v\u00a0NATO pova\u017eovali za kl\u00ed\u010d k\u00a0region\u00e1ln\u00ed a\u00a0glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dominanci USA. Robert Kagan vysv\u011btlil neokonzervativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO v\u00a0dubnu 2006:<\/p>\n

Rusov\u00e9 a\u00a0\u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 nevid\u00ed nic p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho v\u00a0\u201ebarevn\u00fdch revoluc\u00edch\u201d b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu, pouze p\u0159evraty podporovan\u00e9 Z\u00e1padem, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je prosadit z\u00e1padn\u00ed vliv ve strategicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta. To se tak m\u00fdl\u00ed? Nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 liberalizace Ukrajiny, na kterou nal\u00e9haj\u00ed a\u00a0podporuj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed demokracie, jen p\u0159edehrou k\u00a0za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed tohoto n\u00e1roda do NATO a\u00a0Evropsk\u00e9 unie \u2013 zkr\u00e1tka k\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed liber\u00e1ln\u00ed hegemonie?
\n<\/b>
\nKagan uznal hroziv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed NATO. Cituje jednoho odborn\u00edka, kter\u00fd \u0159ekl: \u201eKreml se se v\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1\u017enost\u00ed p\u0159ipravuje na \u201abitvu o\u00a0Ukrajinu\u2018. Po\u00a0p\u00e1du Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu m\u011bly USA i\u00a0Rusko usilovat o\u00a0neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed Ukrajinu jako obez\u0159etn\u00fd n\u00e1razn\u00edk a\u00a0pojistn\u00fd ventil.<\/p>\n

M\u00edsto toho neoconi cht\u011bli americkou \u201ehegemonii\u201c, zat\u00edmco Rusov\u00e9 zah\u00e1jili bitvu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b v\u00a0obran\u011b a\u00a0\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b tak\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch imperi\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f. Odst\u00edny krymsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky (1853-6), kdy se Brit\u00e1nie a\u00a0Francie sna\u017eily oslabit Rusko v\u00a0\u010cern\u00e9m mo\u0159i po\u00a0rusk\u00e9m tlaku na Osmanskou \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/b>
\nKagan napsal \u010dl\u00e1nek jako soukrom\u00e1 osoba, zat\u00edmco jeho man\u017eelka Victoria Nulandov\u00e1 byla velvyslankyn\u00ed USA p\u0159i\u00a0NATO za George W. Bushe, Jr. Nulandov\u00e1 byla neokonzervativn\u00ed par excellence. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee p\u016fsobila jako Bushova velvyslankyn\u011b p\u0159i\u00a0NATO, byla Nulandov\u00e1 v\u00a0letech 2013-17 n\u00e1m\u011bstkyn\u00ed ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed Baracka Obamy pro evropsk\u00e9 a\u00a0eurasijsk\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, kde se pod\u00edlela na svr\u017een\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho prorusk\u00e9ho prezidenta Viktora Janukovy\u010de, a\u00a0nyn\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed jako Bidenova n\u00e1m\u011bstkyn\u011b ministra zahrani\u010d\u00ed. St\u00e1t, kter\u00fd \u0159\u00edd\u00ed politiku USA v\u016f\u010di v\u00e1lce na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/p>\n

Neokonzervativn\u00ed pl\u00e1n je zalo\u017een na prvo\u0159ad\u00e9m fale\u0161n\u00e9m p\u0159edpokladu: \u017ee americk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1, finan\u010dn\u00ed, technologick\u00e1 a\u00a0ekonomick\u00e1 p\u0159evaha jim umo\u017e\u0148uje diktovat podm\u00ednky ve v\u0161ech oblastech sv\u011bta. Je to pozice jak pozoruhodn\u00e9 arogance, tak pozoruhodn\u00e9ho pohrd\u00e1n\u00ed d\u016fkazy. Od 50.\u00a0let 20.\u00a0stolet\u00ed byly USA zma\u0159eny nebo pora\u017eeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech region\u00e1ln\u00edch konfliktech, kter\u00fdch se \u00fa\u010dastnily.<\/b><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto v\u00a0\u201ebitv\u011b o\u00a0Ukrajinu\u201c byli neoconi p\u0159ipraveni vyvolat vojenskou konfrontaci s\u00a0Ruskem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm NATO p\u0159es vehementn\u00ed n\u00e1mitky Ruska, proto\u017ee vroucn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Rusko bude pora\u017eeno americk\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi sankcemi a\u00a0v\u00fdzbroj\u00ed NATO.<\/p>\n

Institut pro studium v\u00e1lky (ISW), neokonzervativn\u00ed think-tank veden\u00fd Kimberley Allen Kagan (a\u00a0podporovan\u00fd odborn\u00edkem na obranu, jako je General Dynamics a\u00a0Raytheon), nad\u00e1le slibuje ukrajinsk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Ohledn\u011b postupu Ruska nab\u00eddla ISW typick\u00fd koment\u00e1\u0159: \u201eBez ohledu na to, na kter\u00e9 stran\u011b je m\u011bsto [Sievierodoneck], rusk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva na opera\u010dn\u00ed a\u00a0strategick\u00e9 \u00farovni pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvrchol\u00ed, co\u017e Ukrajin\u011b d\u00e1 \u0161anci obnovit svoji opera\u010dn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 protiofenz\u00edvy k\u00a0zatla\u010den\u00ed rusk\u00fdch sil zp\u011bt.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnosti na m\u00edst\u011b v\u0161ak nazna\u010duj\u00ed opak. Ekonomick\u00e9 sankce Z\u00e1padu m\u011bly mal\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad na Rusko, zat\u00edmco jejich \u201ebumerangov\u00fd\u201c \u00fa\u010dinek na zbytek sv\u011bta byl velk\u00fd. Schopnost USA z\u00e1sobovat Ukrajinu munic\u00ed a\u00a0zbran\u011bmi je nav\u00edc v\u00e1\u017en\u011b omezov\u00e1na omezenou v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacitou Ameriky a\u00a0p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdmi dodavatelsk\u00fdmi \u0159et\u011bzci. Pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 kapacita Ruska samoz\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uje kapacitu Ukrajiny. Rusk\u00fd HDP byl zhruba 10x vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Ukrajina p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou a\u00a0Ukrajina nyn\u00ed ve v\u00e1lce ztratila velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 kapacity.<\/p>\n

Nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdsledkem sou\u010dasn\u00fdch boj\u016f je, \u017ee Rusko obsad\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st Ukrajiny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mo\u017en\u00e1 ponech\u00e1 Ukrajinu ve vnitrozem\u00ed. V\u00a0Evrop\u011b a\u00a0USA poroste frustrace z\u00a0vojensk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t a\u00a0stagfla\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f v\u00e1lky a\u00a0sankc\u00ed. N\u00e1sledn\u00e9 efekty by mohly b\u00fdt zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed, pokud se k\u00a0moci dostane pravicov\u00fd demagog v\u00a0USA (nebo v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Trumpa se k\u00a0moci vr\u00e1t\u00ed), slibuj\u00edc\u00ed obnovit za\u0161lou vojenskou sl\u00e1vu Ameriky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 eskalace.<\/b><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto riskov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9to katastrofy je skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm ukon\u010dit neokonzervativn\u00ed fantazie za posledn\u00edch 30 let a\u00a0Ukrajina a\u00a0Rusko se vr\u00e1tit k\u00a0jednac\u00edmu stolu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e NATO se zav\u00e1\u017ee ukon\u010dit sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek k\u00a0roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed o\u00a0Ukrajinu a\u00a0Gruzii na v\u00fdchod v\u00fdm\u011bnou za \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd m\u00edr, kter\u00fd respektuje a\u00a0chr\u00e1n\u00ed suverenitu a\u00a0\u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost Ukrajiny.<\/p>\n

Jeffrey D. Sachs je profesorem ekonomie; \u0158editel Centra pro udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj v\u00a0Institutu Zem\u011b na Kolumbijsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b.<\/i><\/p>\n

(rp,prvnizpravy.cz,veteranstoday<\/a>,foto:arch.)<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u0159evzato<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b je vyvrcholen\u00edm 30let\u00e9ho projektu americk\u00e9ho neokonzervativn\u00edho hnut\u00ed, p\u00ed\u0161e Jeffrey D. Sachsna VeteransToday….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1659,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,29,26,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11996"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11996"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11996\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11996"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11996"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11996"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}