{"id":119633,"date":"2026-10-29T00:11:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-28T23:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=119633"},"modified":"2026-10-28T12:42:10","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:42:10","slug":"pad-evropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/29\/pad-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u00e1d Evropy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Evropa ekonomicky, demograficky i kulturn\u011b upad\u00e1, proto\u017ee si jej\u00ed v\u016fdci pletou r\u016fst st\u00e1tu a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed regulace s \u00fasp\u011bchem, zat\u00edmco zelen\u00e1 politika ni\u010d\u00ed jej\u00ed pr\u016fmysl, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Milton Madriz Cede\u00f1o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Evropa pad\u00e1, proto\u017ee si zam\u011bnila spr\u00e1vu zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed se schopnost\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et bohatstv\u00ed nov\u00e9. \u010c\u00e1st jej\u00edho politick\u00e9ho veden\u00ed prom\u011bnila ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje, roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel, nadm\u011brnou regulaci a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1danou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed nad\u0159azenost v dostate\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady pro vl\u00e1dnut\u00ed. Produktivita, solventnost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed soudr\u017enost byly odsunuty stranou. Dnes se vr\u00e1tily, aby vybraly \u00fa\u010det, kter\u00fd \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 r\u00e9torika nem\u016f\u017ee zru\u0161it.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f ministerstva vnitra Francie zaznamenala 24. \u0159\u00edjna 410 000 demonstrant\u016f a 1 314 zat\u010den\u00ed. V\u00edce ne\u017e 3 000 podnik\u016f bylo vyrabov\u00e1no a historick\u00e9 budovy zni\u010deny. \u00da\u0159ady pouk\u00e1zaly na zapojen\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00edch krajn\u011b levicov\u00fdch skupin do \u00fatok\u016f, ke kter\u00fdm se p\u0159ipojili islamisti\u010dt\u00ed extremist\u00e9. V Mil\u00e1n\u011b zp\u016fsobily rabov\u00e1n\u00ed a ni\u010den\u00ed 17. a 18. \u0159\u00edjna \u0161kody na podnic\u00edch, kter\u00e9 Confcommercio odhadla na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 milion eur. Podobn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti se odehr\u00e1ly i v \u0158\u00edm\u011b. V Barcelon\u011b bylo 24. \u0159\u00edjna vyrabov\u00e1no nebo vandalizov\u00e1no 23 podnik\u016f a hasi\u010di byli k po\u017e\u00e1r\u016fm na ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch ulic\u00edch p\u0159ivol\u00e1ni 33kr\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u011bmito \u010d\u00edsly se skr\u00fdvaj\u00ed zni\u010den\u00e9 \u017eivobyt\u00ed, zastra\u0161ovan\u00ed majitel\u00e9 podnik\u016f a \u00fatoky na ve\u0159ejn\u00fd majetek. Od lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed udr\u017euj\u00ed podnik v chodu, se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee budou v\u010das platit dan\u011b. Bezpe\u010dnost, kterou financuj\u00ed, si zaslou\u017e\u00ed stejnou rychlost. Pokojn\u00e9 protesty mus\u00ed b\u00fdt chr\u00e1n\u011bny a vandalismus trest\u00e1n s maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsnost\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 kauza neprom\u011bn\u00ed podnik\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho v legitimn\u00ed ko\u0159ist.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fritz Scharpf vysv\u011btlil, \u017ee legitimita z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 na schopnosti \u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9my. To je ten korozivn\u00ed rozpor vl\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 vyb\u00edraj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stky, ale p\u0159esto se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s garantov\u00e1n\u00edm slu\u017eeb, p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed a bezpe\u010dnosti. Kdy\u017e se ochrana, kterou slibuj\u00ed, zhor\u0161\u00ed, jejich institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00e9torika ztr\u00e1c\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zodpov\u011bdnost le\u017e\u00ed na identifikovateln\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u00edch a rozhodnut\u00edch<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 levice si zaslou\u017e\u00ed ne\u00faprosnou kontrolu za to, \u017ee obhajuje z\u00e1vazky k v\u00fddaj\u016fm a dluh\u016fm, ani\u017e by zajistila dostate\u010dnou produktivn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu, prom\u011b\u0148uje regulace v projevy ctnosti a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho po\u017eadavk\u016f na integraci pova\u017euje za podez\u0159el\u00e9 a nepraktick\u00e9. Odpov\u011bdnost se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i st\u0159edopravice, kter\u00e1 tyto politiky zachovala nebo reformy odlo\u017eila. Od roku 2004 vedou Evropskou komisi osobnosti ze st\u0159edopravicov\u00e9 Evropsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 strany. Zm\u011bna hlavi\u010dkov\u00e9ho pap\u00edru n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona nesma\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mancur Olson studoval, jak organizovan\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy hromad\u00ed privilegia a blokuj\u00ed \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 by prosp\u011bly spole\u010dnosti jako celku. Jeho varov\u00e1n\u00ed vrh\u00e1 sv\u011btlo na Evropu, v n\u00ed\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 ochrana nach\u00e1z\u00ed obr\u00e1nce a ka\u017ed\u00e1 reforma sjednocuje odp\u016frce. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 plat\u00ed za dohody, kter\u00e9 nikdy nevyjednali. Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 systematick\u00e9 odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se rovn\u00e1 zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fapadku s bezchybn\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t pot\u0159ebuje vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 \u00fa\u010detnictv\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ve druh\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2026 dos\u00e1hl hrub\u00fd ve\u0159ejn\u00fd dluh v It\u00e1lii 139,9 % HDP, ve Francii 119,1 %, v Belgii 110,2 % a ve \u0160pan\u011blsku 101,4 %, uv\u00e1d\u00ed Eurostat. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed zaznamenalo 100,5 %, uv\u00e1d\u00ed ONS s pou\u017eit\u00edm srovnateln\u00e9ho m\u011b\u0159\u00edtka. Pom\u011br \u0160pan\u011blska meziro\u010dn\u011b klesl. Trajektorie se li\u0161\u00ed, ale fisk\u00e1ln\u00ed omezen\u00ed, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed n\u011bkolik velk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, jsou jasn\u011b viditeln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje Francie v roce 2025 dos\u00e1hly 57,3 % HDP a rok skon\u010dil s deficitem 5,1 %. Velikost st\u00e1tu nezaru\u010duje vyrovnan\u00e9 finance. Vysok\u00fd dluh v\u00e1z\u00e1 budouc\u00ed zdroje a ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b prostoru pro reakci na krize. Jeho udr\u017eitelnost z\u00e1vis\u00ed na r\u016fstu, \u00farokov\u00fdch sazb\u00e1ch a rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro svobodnou osobu bez d\u011bt\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brnou mzdou vypo\u010d\u00edtala OECD v roce 2025 da\u0148ov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 52,5 % z celkov\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f pr\u00e1ce v Belgii a 47,2 % ve Francii, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pr\u016fm\u011brem OECD 35,1 %. Toto zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zahrnuje dan\u011b a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky placen\u00e9 zam\u011bstnanci i zam\u011bstnavateli. Takov\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdsledky, nikoli po\u017eitky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buchanan a Wagner analyzovali politickou motivaci k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00e1vek nyn\u00ed a odlo\u017een\u00ed jejich n\u00e1klad\u016f. Funkcion\u00e1\u0159 se do\u010dk\u00e1 potlesku; pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozpo\u010det obdr\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona. Levice, kter\u00e1 se prohla\u0161uje za obr\u00e1nce soci\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu, mus\u00ed vysv\u011btlit, jak jej zachov\u00e1, kdy\u017e jej\u00ed sliby rostou rychleji ne\u017e schopnost je financovat a rozd\u00edl se p\u0159i\u010dte k dluhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ochrana d\u016fchod\u016f a z\u00e1kladn\u00edch slu\u017eeb vy\u017eaduje priority a efektivitu. Ochrana ka\u017ed\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 polo\u017eky jako \u201esoci\u00e1ln\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu\u201c m\u016f\u017ee ohrozit \u00fasp\u011bchy, na kter\u00fdch skute\u010dn\u011b z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1t ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj z\u00e1klad, kdy\u017e jeho z\u00e1vazky spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00ed na ekonomice, kter\u00e1 se st\u00e1le obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji obnovuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demografie tak\u00e9 p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010det<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

M\u00edra plodnosti v Evropsk\u00e9 unii klesla v roce 2024 na 1,34 d\u00edt\u011bte na \u017eenu; \u0160pan\u011blsko zaznamenalo 1,10. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2025 bylo 22 % populace EU ve v\u011bku 65 let a star\u0161\u00edch. V\u00fddaje na d\u016fchody v roce 2023 \u010dinily 12,3 % HDP EU. Del\u0161\u00ed \u017eivot je \u00fasp\u011bch; financov\u00e1n\u00ed del\u0161\u00edch d\u016fchod\u016f vy\u017eaduje produktivitu, zam\u011bstnanost a p\u0159edv\u00eddavost.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cist\u00e1 imigrace vykompenzovala p\u0159irozen\u00fd \u00fabytek populace, ale zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu obyvatel a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed po\u010dtu produktivn\u00edch da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f jsou odli\u0161n\u00e9 procesy. Form\u00e1ln\u00ed zam\u011bstnanost a integrace jsou nezbytn\u00e9. Seri\u00f3zn\u00ed rodinn\u00e1 politika mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 omezit p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuje bydlen\u00ed, pr\u00e1ce a sklouben\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed s rodinn\u00fdm \u017eivotem pro ty, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed d\u011bti. \u017d\u00e1dnou popula\u010dn\u00ed pyramidu nelze opravit lacin\u00fdmi projevy stejn\u00fdch star\u00fdch politik\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Talent se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 jinam<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Zpr\u00e1va Evropsk\u00e9 komise o konkurenceschopnosti z ledna 2026 uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee hodinov\u00e1 produktivita pr\u00e1ce v EU, upraven\u00e1 o kupn\u00ed s\u00edlu, v roce 2024 dos\u00e1hla 78,5 % \u00farovn\u011b USA. Rizikov\u00fd kapit\u00e1l p\u0159edstavoval pouze 0,06 % HDP, co\u017e je desetina pod\u00edlu USA. Tato slabina zt\u011b\u017euje p\u0159em\u011bnu znalost\u00ed na podniky schopn\u00e9 r\u016fstu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie Spole\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho st\u0159ediska zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v roce 2022, kter\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edvala data do poloviny roku 2021, identifikovala 40 p\u0159esun\u016f s\u00eddel do zahrani\u010d\u00ed u 147 jednoro\u017ecov\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed s p\u016fvodem z EU; 32 se p\u0159esunulo do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Draghiho zpr\u00e1va toto varov\u00e1n\u00ed zopakovala. P\u0159esun s\u00eddla neznamen\u00e1 uzav\u0159en\u00ed v\u0161ech evropsk\u00fdch provoz\u016f, ale odhaluje obt\u00ed\u017enost udr\u017een\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed s v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm potenci\u00e1lem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160v\u00fdcarsko a \u0160v\u00e9dsko st\u00e1le vedou v inova\u010dn\u00edm indexu WIPO za rok 2026. Evropa si uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 schopnosti. O to z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee jej\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i st\u00e1le kladou p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky v jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Talent a kapit\u00e1l hledaj\u00ed oblasti, kde mohou r\u016fst; nejsou povinny financovat nostalgii \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od <\/span>Miltona Madrize Cede\u00f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evropa ekonomicky, demograficky i kulturn\u011b upad\u00e1, proto\u017ee si jej\u00ed v\u016fdci pletou r\u016fst st\u00e1tu a zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":119634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,283,371,3616],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119633"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119633"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119633\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119633"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119633"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119633"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}