{"id":119036,"date":"2026-10-22T00:12:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T22:12:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=119036"},"modified":"2026-10-21T13:04:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T11:04:23","slug":"vybusny-balicek-eu-kriticka-zprava-eda-potvrzuje-ekonomicky-tlak-na-svycarsko","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/22\/vybusny-balicek-eu-kriticka-zprava-eda-potvrzuje-ekonomicky-tlak-na-svycarsko\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdbu\u0161n\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek EU: Kritick\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va EDA potvrzuje ekonomick\u00fd tlak na \u0160v\u00fdcarsko"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D\u0159\u00edve m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 expertn\u00ed stanovisko, kter\u00e9 si nechalo vypracovat Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (FDFA) v \u010dele s feder\u00e1ln\u00edm radn\u00edm Ignaziem Cassisem, vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 politick\u00e9 kontroverze kolem nov\u00fdch smluv EU. Zat\u00edmco Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada prezentuje navrhovan\u00e1 \u201ekompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c jako proporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro obnoven\u00ed smluvn\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy, profesor mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va Andreas R. Ziegler z Lausanne nab\u00edz\u00ed mnohem drsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed: Takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm ekonomick\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako protiopat\u0159en\u00ed, lze je ozna\u010dit za sankce a jsou konkr\u00e9tn\u011b navr\u017eena tak, aby donutila druhou stranu k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed smlouvy. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee FDFA zpo\u010d\u00e1tku Zieglerovu studii zadr\u017eelo. Teprve pot\u00e9, co se objevil tlak ve\u0159ejnosti, byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna na ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Politick\u00e1 v\u00fdbu\u0161nost nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pr\u00e1vn\u00edm detailu, ale v jednoduch\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce: <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Co se stane, kdy\u017e \u0160v\u00fdcarsko v budoucnu odm\u00edtne p\u0159ijmout pr\u00e1vn\u00ed akt EU?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 suver\u00e9nn\u00ed. P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va EU je dynamick\u00e9, ale ne automatick\u00e9. Parlament a lid mohou st\u00e1le hlasovat proti n\u011bmu. Pokud v\u0161ak n\u00e1sledn\u011b vznikne spor a arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00ed n\u00e1lez nebude proveden, m\u016f\u017ee druh\u00e1 smluvn\u00ed strana p\u0159ijmout kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Podle smlouvy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tato opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 a omezen\u00e1 na vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">N\u00e1zory se li\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ohledn\u011b povahy t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X Post\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=2112148951386173886&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Funcutnews.ch%2Feu-paket-mit-sprengkraft-kritisches-eda-gutachten-bestaetigt-wirtschaftlichen-druck-auf-die-schweiz%2F&amp;sessionId=1deef96dbd567b899e4e032bfc44ec2420d90f4b&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"2112148951386173886\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Agentura EDA si nechala vypracovat dva odborn\u00e9 posudky \u2013 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn pouze ten p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jak informoval den\u00edk <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">SonntagsZeitung<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> , EDA si nechala vypracovat dv\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u00ed studie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Prvn\u00ed studie poch\u00e1z\u00ed z \u010dervna 2023 a jej\u00edm autorem je <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Andreas R. Ziegler,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> profesor mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na Univerzit\u011b v Lausanne . V t\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le prob\u00edhaly p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 rozhovory mezi \u0160v\u00fdcarskem a EU. Podle Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (FDFA) nebyla studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bna, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo oslaben\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed pozice \u0160v\u00fdcarska.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Druh\u00fd znaleck\u00fd posudek vypracoval <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Michael Hahn<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> , profesor evropsk\u00e9ho a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na Univerzit\u011b v Bernu. Poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze srpna 2025, tedy z doby, kdy ji\u017e byla jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ukon\u010dena. Tento znaleck\u00fd posudek byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Studie Zieglerov\u00e9 byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna a\u017e pozd\u011bji. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (FDFA) nyn\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u00ed oba dokumenty na sv\u00fdch ofici\u00e1ln\u00edch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch v sekci Zpr\u00e1vy o \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 politice.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato posloupnost ud\u00e1lost\u00ed nyn\u00ed vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 kritiku: <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Kriti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1va byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku utajena, zat\u00edmco m\u00e9n\u011b kontroverzn\u00ed interpretace byla ve\u0159ejn\u011b dostupn\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler: Nejde jen o \u201ekompenzaci\u201c \u2013 ale o tlak<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Hlavn\u00ed poselstv\u00ed Zieglerovy studie je jasn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zkoum\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 dohody a doch\u00e1z\u00ed k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee tzv. odvetn\u00e1 nebo kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou skute\u010dn\u011b slou\u017eit k obnoven\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00e9 rovnov\u00e1hy. Podle dnes p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho n\u00e1zoru je v\u0161ak jejich skute\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem donutit druhou smluvn\u00ed stranu k pln\u011bn\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed nebo sv\u00fdch smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler odkazuje na mezin\u00e1rodn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed literaturu. Tam je pozastaven\u00ed \u00fastupk\u016f dnes ch\u00e1p\u00e1no p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako sankce<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> , zat\u00edmco pouh\u00e1 my\u0161lenka prost\u00e9ho \u201eobnoven\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hy\u201c hraje pouze pod\u0159adnou roli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To je politicky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee term\u00edn \u201ekompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c zn\u00ed technicky, neutr\u00e1ln\u011b a kolabor\u00e1ln\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler\u016fv v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak ukazuje, \u017ee <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">tato opat\u0159en\u00ed maj\u00ed m\u00edt n\u011bjak\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek. Jejich c\u00edlem je vyvolat ekonomick\u00fd nebo politick\u00fd tlak, aby dot\u010den\u00e1 smluvn\u00ed strana zm\u011bnila sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada: \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 sank\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verze Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rady je jin\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/de\/inhalt-paket-schweiz-eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/de\/inhalt-paket-schweiz-eu\"><span dir=\"auto\">Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky EDA<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\"> v\u00fdslovn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee nov\u00e9 smlouvy br\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9voln\u00fdm \u201etrestn\u00fdm opat\u0159en\u00edm\u201c jedn\u00e9 strany v\u016f\u010di druh\u00e9. Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1, omezen\u00e1 na vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh a podl\u00e9hat p\u0159ezkumu rozhod\u010d\u00edm soudem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Hahnova zpr\u00e1va v tomto sm\u011bru argumentuje tak\u00e9 d\u016frazn\u011bji. Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nejsou zam\u00fd\u0161lena jako trest, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako n\u00e1prava nerovnov\u00e1hy mezi smluvn\u00edmi stranami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To p\u0159edstavuje dva kontrastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy: Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada a Hahn zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">rovnov\u00e1hu a proporcionalitu<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> . Ziegler zd\u016fraz\u0148uje <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">protiopat\u0159en\u00ed, vynucov\u00e1n\u00ed a tlak na pln\u011bn\u00ed dohody<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\"> .<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska si tyto dv\u011b v\u011bci nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b zcela odporovat. Opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 a p\u0159esto vyv\u00edjet tlak. Z politick\u00e9ho hlediska je v\u0161ak tento rozd\u00edl v\u00fdznamn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eSankce\u201c neznamen\u00e1 sankce v\u016f\u010di Rusku<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler tak\u00e9 up\u0159es\u0148uje, \u017ee pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed nelze srovn\u00e1vat s komplexn\u00edmi sankcemi proti Rusku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nejde o srovnateln\u00fd re\u017eim politick\u00fdch sankc\u00ed se zmrazen\u00edm aktiv, finan\u010dn\u00edmi blok\u00e1dami nebo rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi z\u00e1kazy. V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o protiopat\u0159en\u00ed podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va v r\u00e1mci smluvn\u00edho vztahu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je volba slov relevantn\u00ed: takov\u00e9 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it ekonomick\u00fd tlak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed dohody \u010dasto stanov\u00ed pozastaven\u00ed z\u00e1vazk\u016f, v\u00fdhod nebo \u00fastupk\u016f, pokud jedna ze stran neprovede rozhod\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1lez. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/dam\/de\/sd-web\/kwX1HA-bdHak\/use-of-retaliatory-or-compensation-measures-in-specific-international-economic-agreements.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">europa.eda.admin.ch<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00fd bod: \u0160v\u00fdcarsko a EU nejsou ekonomicky stejn\u011b siln\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zieglerova zpr\u00e1va se st\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdbu\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkou, kdo m\u016f\u017ee takov\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b zav\u00e9st.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdslovn\u011b poukazuje na to, \u017ee men\u0161\u00ed ekonomiky jsou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s velk\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi partnery struktur\u00e1ln\u011b znev\u00fdhodn\u011bny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Logika je jednoduch\u00e1: pokud \u0160v\u00fdcarsko p\u0159iprav\u00ed EU o ekonomickou v\u00fdhodu, ovlivn\u00ed to obrovsk\u00fd vnit\u0159n\u00ed trh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud EU omez\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup \u0160v\u00fdcarska na srovnateln\u00fd trh, mohlo by to b\u00fdt pro malou, exportn\u011b orientovanou ekonomiku podstatn\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee tzv. k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00e1 odveta \u2013 tj. protiopat\u0159en\u00ed i v jin\u00fdch oblastech \u2013 d\u00e1v\u00e1 stran\u011b s velkou tr\u017en\u00ed silou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost vyv\u00edjet tlak tam, kde je dopad na men\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b diverzifikovanou ekonomiku obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b siln\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tak\u00e9 v\u00fdslovn\u011b poukazuje na dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed ekonomiky p\u0159i efektivn\u00edm boji proti v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm obchodn\u00edm partner\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zpr\u00e1va se tak dot\u00fdk\u00e1 j\u00e1dra politick\u00e9 debaty kolem t\u0159et\u00edch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch dohod:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Form\u00e1ln\u011b maj\u00ed ob\u011b smluvn\u00ed strany stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1va. Ekonomicky nikoli.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Co znamen\u00e1 \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 \u201ene\u201c pro nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon EU?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Mechanismus lze zjednodu\u0161en\u011b vysv\u011btlit takto:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u0160v\u00fdcarsko se v ur\u010dit\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch zavazuje k dynamick\u00e9mu p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f EU.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed akt EU se nest\u00e1v\u00e1 automaticky \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. \u0160v\u00fdcarsko si i nad\u00e1le rozhoduje o sv\u00fdch postupech samo \u2013 Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada, parlament a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i lid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud \u0160v\u00fdcarsko odm\u00edtne p\u0159evzet\u00ed a vznikne smluvn\u00ed spor, bude nejprve zapojen Sm\u00ed\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdbor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud nen\u00ed dosa\u017eeno \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee rozhodnout panel rozhodc\u016f se stejn\u00fdm zastoupen\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud rozhodnut\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u011b nebude provedeno, m\u016f\u017ee druh\u00e1 strana p\u0159ijmout p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 \u201ene\u201c z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9. <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">M\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak m\u00edt ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto bod\u011b se rozho\u0159\u00ed politick\u00fd spor o skute\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdznam suverenity.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka: Jak moc je \u201ene\u201c zadarmo, kdy\u017e za to stoj\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 cena?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kritici bal\u00ed\u010dku opat\u0159en\u00ed EU jej vn\u00edmaj\u00ed jako nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fd prost\u0159edek k vyv\u00edjen\u00ed tlaku na \u0161v\u00fdcarskou legislativu a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku i na lidov\u00e1 referenda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jejich argument: Pokud by hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201ene\u201c o p\u0159ijet\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho aktu EU mohlo spustit ekonomick\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed, budou Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada, Parlament, obchodn\u00ed sdru\u017een\u00ed a spole\u010dnosti varovat p\u0159ed mo\u017en\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed hlasov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Form\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vo rozhodovat se tedy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u2013 ale ekonomick\u00e9 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00e9 s jin\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm se mohou st\u00e1t \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm politick\u00fdm faktorem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zast\u00e1nci argumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b proto existuje rozhod\u010d\u00ed soud a povinnost proporcionality. EU nem\u016f\u017ee jednodu\u0161e ukl\u00e1dat sv\u00e9voln\u00e1 sank\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada rovn\u011b\u017e zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee \u0160v\u00fdcarsko se m\u016f\u017ee pod\u00edlet na tvorb\u011b nov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch akt\u016f EU a \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 oblasti byly z dynamick\u00e9ho p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va EU v\u00fdslovn\u011b vylou\u010deny.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eProporcionalita\u201c tak\u00e9 ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zieglerova zpr\u00e1va v\u0161ak odhaluje dal\u0161\u00ed problematick\u00fd bod.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b jednoduch\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch konces\u00ed lze ekonomickou \u0161kodu potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edtat relativn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b slo\u017eit\u00fdch dohod o vnit\u0159n\u00edm trhu, slu\u017eeb nebo pozastaven\u00ed cel\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f se tento v\u00fdpo\u010det st\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler v\u00fdslovn\u011b p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee p\u0159i pozastaven\u00ed komplexn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f nebo cel\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dohody m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt matematicky obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ur\u010dit proporcionalitu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jin\u00fdmi slovy:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eProporcion\u00e1ln\u011b\u201c zn\u00ed jednozna\u010dn\u011b, ale v praxi to nen\u00ed nutn\u011b p\u0159esn\u011b vypo\u010ditateln\u00e1 metoda.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Rozhod\u010d\u00ed panel by pak musel posoudit, kter\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed je st\u00e1le vhodn\u00e9 a kter\u00e9 je ji\u017e nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pro\u010d je nepublikov\u00e1n\u00ed tak politicky citliv\u00e9<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m tedy p\u0159esahuje r\u00e1mec pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Agentura EDA ji\u017e z roku 2023 vlastnila studii, kterou vypracoval expert na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo, a kter\u00e1 jasn\u011b identifikuje n\u011bkolik politicky citliv\u00fdch bod\u016f:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou protiopat\u0159en\u00ed. Jejich \u00fa\u010delem je dos\u00e1hnout spln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed literatu\u0159e je lze ch\u00e1pat jako sankce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A men\u0161\u00ed ekonomiky jsou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi obchodn\u00edmi partnery ve struktur\u00e1ln\u011b slab\u0161\u00ed pozici.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tato zpr\u00e1va v\u0161ak p\u016fvodn\u011b nebyla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Podle den\u00edku SonntagsZeitung<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> to EDA zd\u016fvod\u0148uje t\u00edm, \u017ee v tehdej\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b necht\u011bla oslabit pozici \u0160v\u00fdcarska b\u011bhem jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Toto vysv\u011btlen\u00ed v\u0161ak neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 na politickou ot\u00e1zku, pro\u010d nebyla studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bna z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy spolu s dal\u0161\u00edmi kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdmi dokumenty po skon\u010den\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dnes je to ve\u0159ejn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm to m\u011bn\u00ed pohled na jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch koncept\u016f nov\u00fdch smluv EU.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eKompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed\u201c se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou moci<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee diskuse se neomezuje na ot\u00e1zku, zda je dovoleno pou\u017e\u00edt slovo \u201esankce\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Mnohem d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou je:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">M\u016f\u017ee EU pou\u017e\u00edt ekonomick\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed k tomu, aby donutila \u0160v\u00fdcarsko k dodr\u017een\u00ed arbitr\u00e1\u017en\u00edho n\u00e1lezu, a t\u00edm nep\u0159\u00edmo k pln\u011bn\u00ed jeho smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ziegler\u016fv znaleck\u00fd posudek na tuto ot\u00e1zku odpov\u00edd\u00e1 kladn\u011b: \u00fa\u010delem takov\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed je zajistit pln\u011bn\u00ed smlouvy. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rada nepop\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee kompenza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou mo\u017en\u00e1. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u0161ak jejich omezen\u00ed, p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enost a podl\u00e9haj\u00ed soudn\u00edmu p\u0159ezkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 politick\u00e1 v\u00fdbu\u0161nost:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u0160v\u00fdcarsko si form\u00e1ln\u011b ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo \u0159\u00edci ne. Pokud v\u0161ak toto ne p\u0159edstavuje poru\u0161en\u00ed smlouvy nebo neproveden\u00ed rozhod\u010d\u00edho n\u00e1lezu, mohou n\u00e1sledovat ekonomick\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed. Dokonce i expert na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd Feder\u00e1ln\u00edm ministerstvem zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (FDFA) v\u00fdslovn\u011b popisuje \u00fa\u010del takov\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f jako donucen\u00ed druh\u00e9 strany k pln\u011bn\u00ed jej\u00edch smluvn\u00edch z\u00e1vazk\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ve smlouv\u011b, o kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo nakonec hlasovat, se nejedn\u00e1 o pouhou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed pozn\u00e1mku pod \u010darou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Je to jedna z \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edch ot\u00e1zek, kolik politick\u00e9ho man\u00e9vrovac\u00edho prostoru \u0160v\u00fdcarsko ve skute\u010dnosti je\u0161t\u011b m\u00e1 po uzav\u0159en\u00ed t\u0159et\u00edch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch dohod.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zdroje:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/de\/berichte\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">EDA \u2013 P\u0159ehled publikovan\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v o \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00e9 evropsk\u00e9 politice<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/dam\/de\/sd-web\/kwX1HA-bdHak\/use-of-retaliatory-or-compensation-measures-in-specific-international-economic-agreements.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Andreas R. Ziegler \u2013 Pou\u017eit\u00ed odvetn\u00fdch nebo kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch dohod\u00e1ch, 5. \u010dervna 2023<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/dam\/de\/sd-web\/Jz3mJVvVSYpT\/20251125%20Gutachten%20Prof.%20Hahn%20v.%2029.08.2025%20_%20Rechts%C3%BCbernahme%20u%20Ausgleichsmassnahmen.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Michael Hahn \u2013 Odborn\u00fd posudek k dynamick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed adopci a povaze kompenza\u010dn\u00edch opat\u0159en\u00ed, 29. srpna 2025<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.europa.eda.admin.ch\/de\/inhalt-paket-schweiz-eu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">EDA \u2013 Obsah bal\u00ed\u010dku \u0160v\u00fdcarsko-EU (Bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed dohoda III)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>D\u0159\u00edve m\u00e1lo zn\u00e1m\u00e9 expertn\u00ed stanovisko, kter\u00e9 si nechalo vypracovat Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed ministerstvo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed (FDFA) v&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":119037,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,2271,467],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119036"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=119036"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/119036\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/119037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=119036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=119036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=119036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}