{"id":118534,"date":"2026-10-16T00:21:11","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T22:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=118534"},"modified":"2026-10-15T08:25:45","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T06:25:45","slug":"bruno-guigue-osvezujici-duch-dlouheho-pochodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/16\/bruno-guigue-osvezujici-duch-dlouheho-pochodu\/","title":{"rendered":"Bruno Guigue: Osv\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed duch Dlouh\u00e9ho pochodu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco \u201eDlouh\u00fd pochod\u201c v o\u010d\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti evokuje pouze jednu epizodu t\u00e9to \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluce, o kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed nic nev\u00ed, pro \u010c\u00ed\u0148any p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed epos neodd\u011bliteln\u00fd od n\u00e1stupu nov\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, a proto se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na oslavu 90. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed konce tohoto hrdinsk\u00e9ho \u010dinu (\u0159\u00edjen 1936).<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Je ale Dlouh\u00fd pochod pouze historickou ud\u00e1lost\u00ed, v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm zlomem v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluci? Nebo je to je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce epos bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, z\u00e1\u0159iv\u00fd symbol \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho lidu, nadlidsk\u00e9 kolektivn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed, jeho\u017e povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed duch rezonuje dodnes?<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00fd pochod byl jist\u011b jedine\u010dn\u00fdm historick\u00fdm okam\u017eikem, nicm\u00e9n\u011b byl v\u00fdsledkem okolnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e \u010cankaj\u0161kova zrada v dubnu 1927 zlomila Jednotnou frontu a uvrhla \u010c\u00ednu do v\u00edru nov\u00e9 ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, byla to pro komunisty stra\u0161liv\u00e1 v\u00fdzva: p\u0159ekonaj\u00ed tuto zkou\u0161ku, nebo zmiz\u00ed z politick\u00e9 sc\u00e9ny? Vyhn\u00e1ni z m\u011bst represemi se uch\u00fdlili do nejodlehlej\u0161\u00edch venkovsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00edla okolnost\u00ed je zavedla na m\u00edsta, kde si ani nedok\u00e1zali p\u0159edstavit, \u017ee by zas\u00e9vali semena budouc\u00ed revoluce: mezi chud\u00e9 roln\u00edky z vyd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, do srdce zaostal\u00e9 \u010c\u00edny, kter\u00e1 byla d\u011bji\u0161t\u011bm velk\u00fdch milenaristick\u00fdch povst\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 konfrontace mezi revolu\u010dn\u00ed modernitou a rozlehlost\u00ed venkovsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota bude m\u00edt rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fsledky. P\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm objektivn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti vyvol\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00fd kvalitativn\u00ed skok v revolu\u010dn\u00ed strategii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mao Ce-tung ve skute\u010dnosti nal\u00e9hal na stranu, aby zm\u011bnila sv\u016fj pohled na venkovsk\u00fd sv\u011bt, jeho\u017e revolu\u010dn\u00ed iniciativa ost\u0159e kontrastovala s jeho vn\u00edmanou zaostalost\u00ed. V o\u010d\u00edch tohoto mlad\u00e9ho aktivisty z venkovsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011blo rolnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed dv\u011b zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdhody: m\u011blo obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l v zemi, kter\u00e1 z\u016fst\u00e1vala p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b venkovsk\u00e1, a bylo dostate\u010dn\u011b radik\u00e1ln\u00ed, aby slou\u017eilo jako z\u00e1klad revolu\u010dn\u00edho procesu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato objektivn\u00ed data definuj\u00ed \u00fakol komunist\u016f: mus\u00ed zorganizovat rolnick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed, aby ho zapojili do slu\u017eeb revoluce pod veden\u00edm proletari\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eCo je marxismus?\u201c<\/span><\/em> shrnul Mao v roce 1940. <\/span>\u201eJsou to roln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed revoluci pod veden\u00edm proletari\u00e1tu. \u010cty\u0159i z p\u011bti \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u016f jsou roln\u00edci. Pot\u0159ebujeme s\u00edlu v\u0161ech p\u011bti prst\u016f, a pokud n\u00e1m zbude jen mal\u00ed\u010dek, proletari\u00e1t je izolov\u00e1n<\/span><\/em> . \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

S chud\u00fdm rolnictvem jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kladnou a agr\u00e1rn\u00ed revoluc\u00ed jako programem m\u016f\u017ee \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd komunismus doj\u00edt ke konci sv\u00e9 historick\u00e9 transformace: ze strany m\u011bstsk\u00fdch intelektu\u00e1l\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed formovat d\u011blnick\u00e9 odbory, se stane arm\u00e1dou rolnick\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f vedenou ost\u0159\u00edlen\u00fdmi revolucion\u00e1\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 1927 Mao s hrstkou p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed rudou z\u00e1kladnu v poho\u0159\u00ed Jinggang na hranici provinci\u00ed Hunan a Jiangxi. Tam obdr\u017eel posily v podob\u011b n\u011bkolika tis\u00edc bojovn\u00edk\u016f veden\u00fdch b\u00fdval\u00fdm d\u016fstojn\u00edkem konvertovan\u00fdm ke komunismu, \u010cu Dem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Komunist\u00e9, zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00ed v t\u011bchto venkovsk\u00fdch okresech, za\u017eili revolu\u010dn\u00ed spr\u00e1vu: rozd\u00e1vali p\u016fdu chud\u00fdm roln\u00edk\u016fm a kladli zu\u0159iv\u00fd odpor nacionalistick\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod Maov\u00fdm vlivem brzy nadchla komunisty zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 ve sv\u00fdch rud\u00fdch ba\u0161t\u00e1ch nov\u00e1 politick\u00e1 strategie. Vych\u00e1zela z objektivn\u00edho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed: demokraticko-bur\u017eoazn\u00ed revoluce byla zrazena Kuomintangem. Tato strana, kter\u00e1 se prohla\u0161ovala za revolu\u010dn\u00ed, se stala kontrarevolu\u010dn\u00ed. Nacionalisti\u010dt\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edci poch\u00e1zeli z t\u0159\u00eddy statk\u00e1\u0159\u016f a jejich hr\u016fza z agr\u00e1rn\u00ed revoluce je zahnala do n\u00e1ru\u010de reak\u010dn\u00edho \u010cankaj\u0161ka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeliko\u017e bur\u017eoazie selhala ve sv\u00e9m historick\u00e9m \u00fakolu, mus\u00ed revoluce pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 cest\u011b pod veden\u00edm proletari\u00e1tu, tj. komunistick\u00e9 strany. \u010c\u00edna je <\/span>\u201epolokolonie pod imperialistickou vl\u00e1dou<\/span><\/em> \u201c a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v miniatu\u0159e soupe\u0159\u00edc\u00ed imperialismu, dycht\u00edc\u00ed rozd\u011blit si sv\u011bt mezi sebou za cenu nov\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Maoistick\u00e1 strategie proto spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v upevn\u011bn\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm agr\u00e1rn\u00ed revoluce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1931 byl Mao zvolen prezidentem prvn\u00ed \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 republiky, jej\u00edm\u017e hlavn\u00edm m\u011bstem bylo mal\u00e9 m\u011bsto v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u0164iang-si. Tato oblast, \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1kladna komunistick\u00fdch sil, odolala \u010dty\u0159em \u201evyhlazovac\u00edm kampan\u00edm\u201c veden\u00fdm Kuomintangem, kter\u00fd rad\u011bji bojoval proti komunist\u016fm ne\u017e proti japonsk\u00fdm \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed obsadili Mand\u017eusko.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cankaj\u0161kovo p\u00e1t\u00e9 ta\u017een\u00ed mobilizovalo kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed zdroje a postupovalo opatrn\u011b, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ma\u0159ilo revolu\u010dn\u00ed gerilovou strategii. Komunist\u00e9, prakticky obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed, pak rad\u011bji opustili svou z\u00e1kladnu v Jiangxi, aby zachr\u00e1nili svou vojenskou s\u00edlu, D\u011blnicko-rolnickou rudou arm\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

18. \u0159\u00edjna 1934 za\u010dal Dlouh\u00fd pochod.<\/span><\/p>\n

Povede bojovn\u00edky Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy z ji\u017en\u00edho Jiangxi do severn\u00edho Shaanxi na konci nekone\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fastupu o d\u00e9lce 12 500 km, kter\u00fd uraz\u00ed za 370 dn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z 86 000 mu\u017e\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li o rok d\u0159\u00edve, mnoho zahynulo. Cestou se k nim ale p\u0159idaly tis\u00edce nov\u00fdch rolnick\u00fdch rekrut\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se Mao a jeho jednotky pokus\u00ed prorazit obkl\u00ed\u010den\u00ed nacionalistick\u00fdch sil, za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 neb\u00fdval\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed. Mezi rud\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky mnoho z nich opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed region, kde se narodili, Jiangxi, a ze kter\u00e9ho nikdy neode\u0161li.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsou chodci vybaveni?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd mu\u017e, jak vypr\u00e1v\u00ed sv\u011bdek, nese na konci sv\u00e9 ty\u010de p\u011bt liber r\u00fd\u017ee, z n\u00ed\u017e vis\u00ed dv\u011b mal\u00e9 bedny s munic\u00ed nebo dva velk\u00e9 kanystry s petrolejem. M\u00e1 deku, pro\u0161\u00edvanou zimn\u00ed uniformu a t\u0159i p\u00e1ry pl\u00e1t\u011bn\u00fdch bot s tlust\u00fdmi lanov\u00fdmi podr\u00e1\u017ekami vyztu\u017een\u00fdmi \u017eelezem na \u0161pi\u010dk\u00e1ch a pat\u00e1ch. Roln\u00edci mu dali su\u0161enou zeleninu a chilli papri\u010dky; nos\u00ed nit a jehlu a v\u0161ichni nos\u00ed velk\u00fd klobouk, kter\u00fd je chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed sluncem i de\u0161t\u011bm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tito pron\u00e1sledovan\u00ed mu\u017ei postupuj\u00ed nucen\u00fdm pochodem do nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed, \u010del\u00ed \u017eivl\u016fm a stoupaj\u00ed do hor, setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed se s obyvatelstvem mluv\u00edc\u00edm ciz\u00edm jazykem, a p\u0159esto, navzdory nejistot\u011b z\u00edt\u0159ka, pokra\u010duj\u00ed v tomto nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9m pochodu s p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, \u017ee jejich v\u011bc je spravedliv\u00e1 a \u017ee nemaj\u00ed co ztratit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1ci Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy svedli proti nep\u0159\u00edteli v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 bitev, p\u0159ekro\u010dili t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 \u0159ek, zdolali 40 hor, z nich\u017e polovina byla pokryta sn\u011bhem a nach\u00e1zela se v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce v\u00edce ne\u017e 4000 m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 hory, velitel Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy spat\u0159\u00ed mrtv\u00e9ho voj\u00e1ka, zmrzl\u00e9ho ve star\u00fdch \u0161atech, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vyhubl\u00fdch na takov\u00e9 klima. Velitel okam\u017eit\u011b zavol\u00e1 proviantn\u00edho mistra k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, ale voj\u00e1k se slzami v o\u010d\u00edch mu pak vysv\u011btl\u00ed, \u017ee zmrzl\u00fd mu\u017e nen\u00ed nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e samotn\u00fd proviantn\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk, kter\u00fd se ob\u011btoval t\u00edm, \u017ee dal sv\u00e9 oble\u010den\u00ed sv\u00fdm spolubojovn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby se vyhnuli bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed a zma\u0159ili nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 \u00fatoky, zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pochoduj\u00ed v noci, ale brzy mus\u00ed pokra\u010dovat za b\u00edl\u00e9ho dne, proto\u017ee \u010das se kr\u00e1t\u00ed! Dlouh\u00fd pochod za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 velkolep\u00fdm \u00fastupem osv\u011btlen\u00fdm pochodn\u011bmi a pot\u00e9 pokra\u010duje st\u0159emhlav\u00fdm \u00fat\u011bkem k nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu c\u00edli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e nep\u0159\u00edtel \u00fato\u010d\u00ed, boje jsou nel\u00edtostn\u00e9, ztr\u00e1ty jsou velk\u00e9, ale bojovn\u00edk\u016fm se da\u0159\u00ed prorazit n\u011bkolik blok\u00e1d a navzdory bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm hrdinn\u011b postupuj\u00ed na sever, pot\u00e9 na z\u00e1pad, kde je nikdo ne\u010dek\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod veden\u00edm Mao Ce-tunga pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed snadno opustili p\u0159\u00edmou linii a tento ne\u010dekan\u00fd proti\u00fatok znepokojil nep\u0159\u00edtele sv\u00fdm obratn\u00fdm man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00edm\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

Rud\u00ed bojovn\u00edci vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed 1000 trik\u016f, aby se vysm\u00edvali b\u00edl\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, nap\u0159\u00edklad um\u00edst\u00ed dv\u011b roty na dv\u011b hory a na\u0159\u00edd\u00ed jim, aby krou\u017ekovaly, aby vytvo\u0159ily iluzi velk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00fd pochod byl epickou cestou plnou \u010din\u016f, hrdinstv\u00ed a ob\u011bt\u00ed, jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159echod \u0159eky Wujiang 3. ledna 1935.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po jej\u00edm p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed vstoupili rud\u00ed bojovn\u00edci do Zunyi, d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, kde si pochoduj\u00edc\u00ed poprv\u00e9 mohli o\u0161et\u0159it zran\u011bn\u00ed a odpo\u010dinout si.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale tento kr\u00e1tk\u00fd oddech umo\u017enil v\u016fdc\u016fm komunistick\u00e9 strany uspo\u0159\u00e1dat konferenci, kter\u00e1 znamenala strategick\u00fd zlom. Byla pou\u010dena z minul\u00fdch ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u016f, byly analyzov\u00e1ny chyby veden\u00ed ovlivn\u011bn\u00e9 chybn\u00fdm my\u0161len\u00edm, byla p\u0159ijata nov\u00e1 usnesen\u00ed a strana schv\u00e1lila guerillovou strategii prosazovanou Maem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00fd pochod pak pokra\u010doval, proto\u017ee se museli p\u0159ipojit k dal\u0161\u00edm rud\u00fdm sil\u00e1m, kter\u00fdm velel jeden z historick\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f KS \u010c\u00edny, \u010cang Kuotao, jeden z dvan\u00e1cti zakladatel\u016f strany v roce 1921. To nebyl snadn\u00fd \u00fakol, proto\u017ee choval sen st\u00e1t se nov\u00fdm v\u016fdcem \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch komunist\u016f. Jeho pokus o odtr\u017een\u00ed selhal a v\u0161echny s\u00edly se po mnoha zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch a \u00fatrap\u00e1ch nakonec znovu seskupily v provincii \u0160en-si.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu 1935 se p\u0159edvoj kone\u010dn\u011b dostal k b\u0159eh\u016fm \u0159eky Dadu, kde byli p\u0159ed 72 lety rozdrceni tchajpching\u0161t\u00ed revolucion\u00e1\u0159i. Pot\u00e9 rud\u00ed postupovali st\u00e1le v\u00fd\u0161 p\u0159es zasn\u011b\u017een\u00e9 hory. Na konci srpna 1935 dva odd\u00edly Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy pochodovaly na \u017elutou p\u016fdu \u0160en-si, kde mohla b\u00fdt z\u0159\u00edzena nov\u00e1 rud\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byl to Jen-an, kter\u00fd se zapsal do historie jako s\u00eddlo \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 komunistick\u00e9 strany b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky proti japonsk\u00fdm okupant\u016fm. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tam Mao tak\u00e9 u\u010dil sv\u00e9 soudruhy, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk mus\u00ed v\u017edy <\/span>\u201ehledat pravdu ve faktech\u201c<\/span><\/em> .<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 komunisty byl Dlouh\u00fd pochod jednou z t\u011bch hrozn\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed neochv\u011bjn\u00e9 odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak upevnil v\u00edt\u011bznou strategii: revolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1lku. Strategick\u00e1 doktr\u00edna p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e1 podm\u00ednk\u00e1m boje, partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, umo\u017enila rud\u00fdm bojovn\u00edk\u016fm kompenzovat jejich po\u010detn\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011bcennost a nedostatek t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 techniky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho \u00fa\u010dinnost, ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 b\u011bhem odporu proti vyhlazovac\u00edm kampan\u00edm, p\u0159isp\u011bla tak\u00e9 k por\u00e1\u017ece japonsk\u00e9ho \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka a pozd\u011bji inspirovala n\u00e1rodn\u011b osvobozeneck\u00e1 hnut\u00ed v Asii, Africe a Latinsk\u00e9 Americe.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od Jiangxi po Shaanxi se v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd vzorec maoismu m\u011bn\u00ed pouze v m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. V podstat\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00fd: disciplinovan\u00e1 strana, vesni\u010dan\u00e9 mobilizovan\u00ed agr\u00e1rn\u00ed revoluc\u00ed, siln\u00e1 rolnick\u00e1 arm\u00e1da a revolu\u010dn\u00ed enkl\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 se hem\u017e\u00ed kolem opevn\u011bn\u00e9 rud\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm, \u017ee Mao u\u010dinil z rolnictva hnac\u00ed s\u00edlu revoluce, polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pro budouc\u00ed triumf, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el v roce 1949, na z\u00e1klad\u011b podzemn\u00edho hnut\u00ed t\u011bchto venkovsk\u00fdch mas, jejich\u017e b\u00edda vy\u017eadovala radik\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci spole\u010densk\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b o\u017eivil tradici rolnick\u00fdch povst\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou charakteristick\u00e1 pro \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kvalitativn\u00ed skok v revolu\u010dn\u00ed strategii ji sice vzd\u00e1lil od ortodoxn\u00edho marxismu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eil k n\u00e1rodn\u00edm charakteristik\u00e1m zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdm z d\u00e1vn\u00e9 minulosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ji radik\u00e1ln\u00ed novost maoismu spojila s nejhlub\u0161\u00edmi prvky politick\u00e9 identity \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuto t\u0159\u00eddu, jej\u00ed\u017e z\u00e1nik n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed marxist\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u00eddali, tak Mao prom\u011bnil v p\u00e1ku, kter\u00e1 mu umo\u017en\u00ed probudit \u010c\u00ednu. Pov\u00fd\u0161il ji na kolektivn\u00ed akt\u00e9ra v transformaci zem\u011b: chud\u00ed roln\u00edci se stanou ozbrojenou silou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obnovy, \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm \u010dinitelem soci\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce, v kterou masy doufaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sv\u00fdm kone\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00edm Dlouh\u00fd pochod z\u00e1sadn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k politick\u00e9 a teoretick\u00e9 zralosti strany: uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pouze integrace z\u00e1kladn\u00edch princip\u016f marxismu do konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch realit \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluce m\u016f\u017ee zaru\u010dit jej\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dlouh\u00fd pochod ale p\u0159inesl i dal\u0161\u00ed ponau\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkem rolni\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci urazili 12 500 km, sn\u00e1\u0161eli nejhor\u0161\u00ed utrpen\u00ed a souhlasili s ob\u011btov\u00e1n\u00edm sv\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f za v\u011bc revoluce! Dlouh\u00fd pochod D\u011blnicko-rolnick\u00e9 rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy byl touto impozantn\u00ed expedic\u00ed, kter\u00e1 probudila \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd lid a napsala novou kapitolu v jeho d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee Dlouh\u00fd pochod uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee se \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 komunistick\u00e1 strana a \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 d\u011blnicko-rolnick\u00e1 rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da pod jej\u00edm veden\u00edm staly neporazitelnou silou.<\/span><\/p>\n

V pr\u016fm\u011bru um\u00edral jeden rud\u00fd voj\u00e1k ka\u017ed\u00fdch 300 metr\u016f\u2026 Tyto hrozn\u00e9 zkou\u0161ky sv\u011btu dok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed t\u011bchto bojovn\u00edk\u016f je nezni\u010diteln\u00e9. Dlouh\u00fd pochod p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00edm neb\u00fdval\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed state\u010dn\u011b vzdoroval mez\u00edm lidsk\u00e9ho \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je Dlouh\u00fd pochod prost\u011b jen minulost\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne, proto\u017ee i dnes duch Dlouh\u00e9ho pochodu prostupuje \u010d\u00ednskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed a vede \u00fasil\u00ed v\u0161ech sm\u011brem ke spole\u010dn\u00e9 prosperit\u011b. Je zdrojem inspirace, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1n\u011bl \u010d\u00ednskou revoluci od jednoho v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed k druh\u00e9mu a kter\u00fd motivuje ty, kte\u0159\u00ed ne\u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u00fasil\u00edm, aby p\u0159isp\u011bli k velkolep\u00e9mu rozvoji zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00edm duchem Dlouh\u00e9ho pochodu je pevn\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee spravedliv\u00e1 v\u011bc mus\u00ed zv\u00edt\u011bzit, je to odvaha neb\u00e1t se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 ob\u011bti, pokud jde o z\u00e1chranu zem\u011b a zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed v\u0161ech, je to v\u016fle hledat pravdu ve faktech s n\u00e1rodn\u00edm z\u00e1jmem jako jedin\u00fdm vod\u00edtkem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto smyslu lze Dlouh\u00fd pochod ozna\u010dit nejen za epizodu \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluce: je jej\u00ed metaforou, shrnuje jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam a ukazuje cestu vp\u0159ed pro nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed desetilet\u00ed. Spojuje minulost, p\u0159\u00edtomnost a budoucnost a symbolizuje nesm\u00edrnou cestu, kterou \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd lid podnikl, a jeho trval\u00e1 vzpom\u00ednka krystalizuje jejich nad\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bruno Guigue<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco \u201eDlouh\u00fd pochod\u201c v o\u010d\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti evokuje pouze jednu epizodu t\u00e9to \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 revoluce, o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,398,1542,673],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118534"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118534"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118534\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}