{"id":118334,"date":"2026-10-14T00:15:29","date_gmt":"2026-10-13T22:15:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=118334"},"modified":"2026-10-13T12:30:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-13T10:30:13","slug":"knihy-nebo-bomby-povstani-francouzskych-studentu-proti-tlaku-nato-na-hromadeni-zbrojeni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/14\/knihy-nebo-bomby-povstani-francouzskych-studentu-proti-tlaku-nato-na-hromadeni-zbrojeni\/","title":{"rendered":"Knihy, nebo bomby? Povst\u00e1n\u00ed francouzsk\u00fdch student\u016f proti tlaku NATO na hromad\u011bn\u00ed zbrojen\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Studenti po cel\u00e9 Francii ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed t\u00fdden po sob\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed do ulic a po\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed investice do sv\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Cht\u011bj\u00ed v\u00edce u\u010ditel\u016f, men\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddy, slu\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161koln\u00ed budovy a syst\u00e9m ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd bude vyhovovat student\u016fm z chud\u00fdch rodin a d\u011blnick\u00e9 t\u0159\u00eddy.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jejich boj se v\u0161ak odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 v dob\u011b, kdy je Francie pod rostouc\u00edm tlakem na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 na drastick\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu. Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 je j\u00e1drem tohoto povst\u00e1n\u00ed, sah\u00e1 daleko za r\u00e1mec vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed: Bude Francie investovat do sv\u00fdch mlad\u00fdch lid\u00ed \u2013 nebo do raket, zbran\u00ed a v\u00e1lky? Do knih, nebo do bomb?<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co za\u010dalo na pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edch, se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo do v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edce \u0161kol. Zpr\u00e1vy uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee 6. \u0159\u00edjna vy\u0161lo do ulic na demonstrace na podporu student\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e 250 000 lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reakce vl\u00e1dy jen rozdm\u00fdchala hn\u011bv. M\u00edsto toho, aby \u00fa\u0159ady \u0159e\u0161ily po\u017eadavky student\u016f, nasadily po\u0159\u00e1dkovou policii, slzn\u00fd plyn a gran\u00e1ty a provedly masov\u00e9 zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed. Od za\u010d\u00e1tku protest\u016f bylo \u00fadajn\u011b zadr\u017eeno v\u00edce ne\u017e 6 500 lid\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou nezletil\u00fdch. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mlad\u00ed demonstranti utrp\u011bli hr\u016fzn\u00e1 zran\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b patn\u00e1ctilet\u00e9ho chlapce, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el o ruku po v\u00fdbuchu policejn\u00edho gran\u00e1tu. Amnesty International odsoudila to, co pova\u017euje za \u201enep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00e9\u201c pou\u017eit\u00ed s\u00edly proti mlad\u00fdm lidem, kte\u0159\u00ed pokojn\u011b po\u017eaduj\u00ed sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo na vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontrast je pozoruhodn\u00fd: Studenti po\u017eaduj\u00ed u\u010ditele a slu\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161koly, zat\u00edmco vl\u00e1da proti nim pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 z\u00e1sahovou policii \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 hled\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed miliardy pro arm\u00e1du.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studentsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed se rozv\u00edj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy NATO tla\u010d\u00ed na evropsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy, aby masivn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily sv\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje. Pod siln\u00fdm tlakem Washingtonu se hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d NATO v roce 2025 dohodly na nov\u00e9m masivn\u00edm c\u00edli: Do roku 2035 maj\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vynalo\u017eit 5 procent sv\u00e9ho hrub\u00e9ho dom\u00e1c\u00edho produktu. Nejm\u00e9n\u011b 3,5 procenta m\u00e1 j\u00edt p\u0159\u00edmo do vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch 1,5 procenta m\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159id\u011bleno na vojenskou infrastrukturu, kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost a \u201eodolnost\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

To p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd posun oproti p\u0159edchoz\u00edmu c\u00edli NATO ve v\u00fd\u0161i 2 procent, s jeho\u017e spln\u011bn\u00edm se mnoho \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f ji\u017e pot\u00fdkalo. Pro zem\u011b s rostouc\u00edmi deficity, vysok\u00fdm dluhem a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edmi se ve\u0159ejn\u00fdmi slu\u017ebami m\u00e1 takov\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vysokou cenu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francie je toho obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Zem\u011b m\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed dluh t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 biliony dolar\u016f \u2013 zhruba 119 procent HDP, co\u017e je jeden z nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f dluhu k HDP v Evrop\u011b. V boji proti deficitu vl\u00e1da navrhla \u0161krty ve v\u00fddaj\u00edch a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dan\u00ed v celkov\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 48 miliard dolar\u016f, co\u017e je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zat\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ji\u017e tak p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da sice vol\u00e1 po \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00edch, ale jej\u00ed n\u00e1vrh rozpo\u010dtu na rok 2027 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 se zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm vojensk\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 7,2 miliardy dolar\u016f b\u011bhem pouh\u00e9ho jednoho roku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed bude vy\u010dlen\u011bno pouze dal\u0161\u00edch 1,2 miliardy dolar\u016f. Krom\u011b toho je v sektoru vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no zru\u0161en\u00ed 1 588 st\u00e1l\u00fdch u\u010ditelsk\u00fdch m\u00edst.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee v\u00e1m je \u0161estn\u00e1ct let, sed\u00edte v p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 t\u0159\u00edd\u011b s d\u011brav\u00fdm stropem a bez st\u00e1l\u00e9ho u\u010ditele a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sly\u0161\u00edte, \u017ee si va\u0161e vl\u00e1da nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit lep\u0161\u00ed \u0161koly \u2013 ale n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem se\u017eene dal\u0161\u00ed miliardy na zbran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd finan\u010dn\u00ed dozor\u010d\u00ed org\u00e1n pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed v\u00fddaje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy jsou zp\u016fsobeny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi \u00farokov\u00fdmi platbami, p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do Evropsk\u00e9 unie a rostouc\u00edmi vojensk\u00fdmi v\u00fddaji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1stupci NATO trvaj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee toto masivn\u00ed navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly je nezbytn\u00e9 k ochran\u011b Evropy p\u0159ed Ruskem a dal\u0161\u00edmi hrozbami. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee Rusko je na pokraji invaze do Francie, je v\u0161ak absurdn\u00ed a \u00fasil\u00ed o neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: Jak\u00fd druh bezpe\u010dnosti francouzsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da ve skute\u010dnosti poskytuje, kdy\u017e \u0161koly, nemocnice a dal\u0161\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby ch\u00e1traj\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Francie v tom nen\u00ed sama. V Belgii, \u0160pan\u011blsku a Portugalsku vy\u0161li do ulic studenti, u\u010ditel\u00e9 a \u017e\u00e1ci, aby protestovali proti financov\u00e1n\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a pracovn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m. To odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed rostouc\u00ed frustraci v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b z vl\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby nen\u00ed dostatek pen\u011bz.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cel\u00e1 generace je \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1na o p\u0159ijet\u00ed \u00fasporn\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, zat\u00edmco Evropa se pou\u0161t\u00ed do jednoho z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch hromad\u011bn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy od studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Tv\u016frci politik sice mohou trvat na tom, \u017ee vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje jsou dv\u011b odd\u011blen\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti. Ob\u011b v\u0161ak soupe\u0159\u00ed o stejn\u00e9 omezen\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky.<\/span><\/p>\n

A n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed francouz\u0161t\u00ed studenti si tuto souvislost ji\u017e sami vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed. Na protestn\u00edch transparentech jsou slogany jako \u201ePen\u00edze na \u0161koly, ne na v\u00e1lku\u201c a \u201eFinancujte st\u0159edn\u00ed \u0161koly, ne genocidu\u201c. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem propojuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed po\u017eadavky s \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zkou, co \u2013 a koho \u2013 hodl\u00e1 vl\u00e1da financovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tito mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u011b zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed definici bezpe\u010dnosti. NATO m\u011b\u0159\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost v tanc\u00edch, raket\u00e1ch, dronech a munici. Studenti po\u017eaduj\u00ed jin\u00fd druh bezpe\u010dnosti: slu\u0161n\u00e9 \u0161koly, rovn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti a spole\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 investuje do jejich budoucnosti, m\u00edsto aby ji ob\u011btovala nekone\u010dn\u00e9mu hromad\u011bn\u00ed arm\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich po\u017eadavky by m\u011bly rezonovat v cel\u00e9 alianci NATO, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kde jsou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby pod tlakem, zat\u00edmco Trump usiluje o masivn\u00ed 54procentn\u00ed nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu.<\/span><\/p>\n

CODEPINK a sp\u0159\u00edzn\u011bn\u00e9 skupiny proto organizuj\u00ed ve Washingtonu, D.C., od 10. do 12. listopadu \u201ePovst\u00e1n\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f\u201c. Lid\u00e9 jsou vyz\u00fdv\u00e1ni, aby vstoupili do s\u00e1l\u016f Kongresu a po\u017eadovali z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch priorit. M\u00edsto toho, aby na\u0161e vl\u00e1da st\u00e1le v\u00edce investovala pen\u00edze da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f do v\u00e1lek a v\u00fdrobc\u016f zbran\u00ed, m\u011bla by investovat do zdravotnictv\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, dostupn\u00e9ho bydlen\u00ed, zelen\u00e9 energie a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 budoucnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od francouzsk\u00fdch u\u010deben a\u017e po s\u00e1ly Kongresu zn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka st\u00e1le stejn\u011b: Budou na\u0161e vl\u00e1dy investovat do \u017eivota \u2013 nebo do v\u00e1lky? Do knih, nebo do bomb?<\/span><\/p>\n

*<\/span><\/p>\n

Medea Benjamin<\/span><\/strong> je spoluzakladatelkou organizac\u00ed Global Exchange a CODEPINK: \u017deny za m\u00edr. Spolu s Nicolasem JS Daviesem je autorkou knihy *V\u00e1lka na Ukrajin\u011b: Jak pochopit nesmysln\u00fd konflikt*, kterou v listopadu 2022 vydalo nakladatelstv\u00ed OR Books. Mezi jej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed knihy pat\u0159\u00ed *Uvnit\u0159 \u00cdr\u00e1nu: Skute\u010dn\u00e1 historie a politika \u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 republiky* (2018), *Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed nespravedliv\u00fdch: Za americko-sa\u00fadsk\u00fdm spojen\u00edm* (2016), *V\u00e1lka dron\u016f: Zab\u00edjen\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u00fdm ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm* (2013), *Nebojte se gringa: Hondurask\u00e1 \u017eena mluv\u00ed ze srdce* (1989) a spolu s Jodie Evans *Zastavte dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1lku nyn\u00ed* (2005).<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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Studenti po cel\u00e9 Francii ji\u017e t\u0159et\u00ed t\u00fdden po sob\u011b vych\u00e1zej\u00ed do ulic a po\u017eaduj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118335,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[790,130,2680,95,293],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118334"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118334"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118334\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118335"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118334"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118334"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118334"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}