{"id":118199,"date":"2026-10-12T00:35:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-11T22:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=118199"},"modified":"2026-10-11T16:39:28","modified_gmt":"2026-10-11T14:39:28","slug":"ukrajina-putin-lenin-a-historie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/12\/ukrajina-putin-lenin-a-historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Ukrajina, Putin, Lenin a historie"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Lenin stvo\u0159il Ukrajinu, a to je zcela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9. Jak uvid\u00edme, Lenin sehr\u00e1l rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli p\u0159i vzniku modern\u00ed Ukrajiny \u2013 strategick\u00fdm c\u00edlem bylo zabr\u00e1nit nacionalistick\u00fdm po\u017eadavk\u016fm. Strat\u00e9gov\u00e9 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho sov\u011btu, v\u010detn\u011b Lenina, ud\u011blili autonomii konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm \u00fazem\u00edm zvan\u00fdm Autonomn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky (ASSR) v r\u00e1mci vznikaj\u00edc\u00edho SSSR. Tyto entity byly p\u0159\u00edmo integrov\u00e1ny do 15 hlavn\u00edch republik, v\u010detn\u011b Ukrajiny, kter\u00e9 z\u00edskaly nez\u00e1vislost po rozpadu SSSR.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ve skute\u010dnosti byly z\u00e1klady ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu polo\u017eeny v 9. stolet\u00ed vikingsk\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edky a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edky, Varjagy a slovansk\u00fdmi kmeny; vytvo\u0159en\u00fd politick\u00fd celek ji\u017e m\u011bl za hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Kyjev. V roce 988 p\u0159ijal kn\u00ed\u017ee Vladim\u00edr Velik\u00fd byzantsk\u00e9 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed, co\u017e zanechalo trvalou stopu v kultu\u0159e regionu. Ve 13. stolet\u00ed, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v roce 1240, mongolsk\u00e1 invaze zni\u010dila Kyjev, oslabila a rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161tila Ukrajinu. Pot\u00e9 se v roce 1654 Perejaslavskou smlouvou koz\u00e1ci spojili s moskevsk\u00fdm carem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Po p\u00e1du Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e v roce 1917 byla vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena Ukrajinsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika, ale ta byla oslabena ob\u010danskou v\u00e1lkou. V prosinci 1922 Prvn\u00ed sjezd sov\u011bt\u016f Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu form\u00e1ln\u011b uznal status Ukrajinsk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky (SSSR) jako spoluzakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dlena SSSR. P\u0159edsedou prezidia (ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u016fdcem) Prvn\u00edho sjezdu sov\u011bt\u016f Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu byl rusk\u00fd bol\u0161evick\u00fd politik Michail Kalinin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A\u010dkoli byl Vladimir Lenin nesporn\u00fdm v\u016fdcem Komunistick\u00e9 strany a hlavn\u00ed politickou inspirac\u00ed pro vznik SSSR, byl to Kalinin, kdo p\u0159edsedal tomuto shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed 30. prosince 1922. Po tomto sjezdu se tak\u00e9 stal prvn\u00edm p\u0159edsedou \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru SSSR, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se stal ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed hlavou st\u00e1tu nov\u00e9ho svazu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">U\u017eivatel\u00e9 internetu a dal\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed sv\u00e9 argumenty na prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Vladimira Putina, kter\u00fd \u201e <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">21. \u00fanora 2022 prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee modern\u00ed Ukrajinu vytvo\u0159ilo bol\u0161evick\u00e9 Rusko a \u017ee Lenin byl jej\u00edm architektem<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> \u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale to je zkreslen\u00ed Putinov\u00fdch slov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ekladu, kter\u00fd p\u0159epsaly kremelsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby nebo mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed tiskov\u00e9 agentury, text zn\u00ed slovo od slova:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Za\u010dnu konstatov\u00e1n\u00edm, \u017ee modern\u00ed Ukrajinu zcela a kompletn\u011b vytvo\u0159ilo Rusko, konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji bol\u0161evick\u00e9 a komunistick\u00e9 Rusko<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> .\u201c Pozd\u011bji dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201e <\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 Ukrajina [\u2026] m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pr\u00e1vem naz\u00fdv\u00e1na \u201aUkrajinou Vladimira Lenina\u2018. On je jej\u00edm autorem a architektem<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\"> .\u201c Putin tedy hovo\u0159\u00ed o sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b \u2013 od roku 1922 do roku 1991 \u2013 a nikoli o sou\u010dasn\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b. Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru se nejedn\u00e1 o pop\u0159en\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, ale o p\u0159ipomenut\u00ed dlouholet\u00fdch a bratrsk\u00fdch vazeb, kter\u00e9 Ukrajinu poj\u00ed s Ruskem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi sov\u011btskou Ukrajinou a sou\u010dasnou Ukrajinou odhaluje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v politick\u00e9m statusu, suverenit\u011b a povaze re\u017eimu ve dvou odli\u0161n\u00fdch historick\u00fdch obdob\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z hlediska politick\u00e9ho statusu byla Sov\u011btsk\u00e1 Ukrajina integrovanou administrativn\u00ed provinci\u00ed (Ukrajinsk\u00e1 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika nebo USR), a\u010dkoli m\u011bla v OSN k\u0159eslo ji\u017e v roce 1945, a to z iniciativy Stalina.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Modern\u00ed Ukrajina je nez\u00e1visl\u00fdm a pln\u011b suver\u00e9nn\u00edm st\u00e1tem od roku 1991. Za Gorba\u010dova byl organiz\u00e1torem referenda o nez\u00e1vislosti v roce 1991 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sov\u011bt Ukrajinsk\u00e9 SSR. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, sov\u011btsk\u00e1 Ukrajina byla jednou z 15 republik, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (SSSR), zat\u00edmco dne\u0161n\u00ed Ukrajina je produktem rozpadu t\u00e9to \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a zrodila se z touhy ukrajinsk\u00e9ho lidu uplatnit sv\u00e9 sebeur\u010den\u00ed po referendu o nez\u00e1vislosti v roce 1991.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jak ji\u017e bylo zm\u00edn\u011bno na za\u010d\u00e1tku, a\u010dkoliv Lenin byl skute\u010dn\u011b architektem sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Ukrajiny, bol\u0161evici nevytvo\u0159ili ukrajinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed c\u00edt\u011bn\u00ed z ni\u010deho nic. Ne\u017e se Lenin dostal k moci, byla v letech 1917-1918 po rozpadu Rusk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 Ukrajinsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 republika. Pro odborn\u00edky bylo vytvo\u0159en\u00ed USR Leninem p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nezbytnou politickou reakc\u00ed na integraci lidu, kter\u00fd ji\u017e projevoval silnou touhu po autonomii a nez\u00e1vislosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Argument Vladimira Putina je v\u0161ak zalo\u017een na faktick\u00fdch prvc\u00edch t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed historie SSSR.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z \u010dist\u011b administrativn\u00edho a \u00fazemn\u00edho hlediska historick\u00e9 argumenty ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee se rusk\u00fd prezident op\u00edr\u00e1 o dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00e9 historick\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u2022 Zaprv\u00e9, pokud jde o vyty\u010den\u00ed hranic bol\u0161evick\u00fdm re\u017eimem, hranice Ukrajinsk\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky (USSR) byly form\u00e1ln\u011b vyty\u010deny pod veden\u00edm Vladimira Lenina a prvn\u00edch bol\u0161evick\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f. Z ekonomick\u00fdch a politick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f bol\u0161evici anektovali k Ukrajin\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 a t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed oblasti, jako je Donbas, tedy oblasti, kter\u00e9 tradi\u010dn\u011b nebyly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch \u00fazemn\u00edch n\u00e1rok\u016f Ukrajiny. V tomto smyslu byla \u00fazemn\u00ed struktura Ukrajiny 20. stolet\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b formov\u00e1na sov\u011btsk\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm apar\u00e1tem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u2022 Politika indigenizace (Korenizace): Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed Lenin zavedl politiku zam\u011b\u0159enou na podporu m\u00edstn\u00edch kultur a jazyk\u016f s c\u00edlem ukotvit komunismus v jednotliv\u00fdch republik\u00e1ch. Na Ukrajin\u011b to vedlo k institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201eukrajinizaci\u201c (vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, administrativa, m\u00e9dia). Toto ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identity v r\u00e1mci samostatn\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho celku polo\u017eilo administrativn\u00ed z\u00e1klady modern\u00edho st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u2022 Lenin\u016fv feder\u00e1ln\u00ed model: na rozd\u00edl od Josifa Stalina, kter\u00fd cht\u011bl jednoduchou integraci \u00fazem\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Rusk\u00e9 republiky, Lenin trval na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed Svazu republik (SSSR), \u010d\u00edm\u017e teoreticky zaru\u010dil ka\u017ed\u00e9 republice \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na odtr\u017een\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed status suver\u00e9nn\u00edho subjektu umo\u017enil Ukrajin\u011b leg\u00e1ln\u011b vyhl\u00e1sit nez\u00e1vislost v roce 1991, kdy se Svaz rozpadl.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">od <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/reseauinternational.net\/lukraine-poutine-lenine-et-lhistoire\/\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Al Hachema<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee Lenin stvo\u0159il Ukrajinu, a to je zcela pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9. Jak&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":118200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[398,1811,102,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118199"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118199"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118199\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":118201,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/118199\/revisions\/118201"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}