{"id":117726,"date":"2026-10-07T00:28:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T22:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=117726"},"modified":"2026-10-06T18:07:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T16:07:54","slug":"alastair-crooke-prehlizene-vyhody-ansarallah-oproti-saudske-arabii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/07\/alastair-crooke-prehlizene-vyhody-ansarallah-oproti-saudske-arabii\/","title":{"rendered":"Alastair Crooke: P\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdhody AnsarAll\u00e1h oproti Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Geografie, jemensk\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9 vnit\u0159n\u00ed frakcionalismus a jeho sporn\u00e9 isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 certifikace jsou trumfy Jemenu<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ansar Allalah [H\u00fat\u00edov\u00e9] se ve sv\u00e9m konfliktu proti \u201ebohat\u00e9mu\u201c, z\u00e1padn\u00edmu Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed t\u011b\u0161\u00ed mnoha mo\u017en\u00e1 netu\u0161en\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m. Jde o v\u00e1lku, kterou ned\u00e1vno znovu rozn\u00edtilo z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed z roku 2022 Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, kdy\u017e v \u010dervenci 2026 bombardovali mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed leti\u0161t\u011b v San\u00e1, aby zabr\u00e1nili p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho civiln\u00edho letadla.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Trump \u00fatok na leti\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdslovn\u011b schv\u00e1lil, \u010d\u00edm\u017e otev\u0159el cestu hnut\u00ed Ansar Allah k poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a k vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ansar Allah reagovala na poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed <\/span>18hodinov\u00fdm \u201eblitzov\u00fdm\u201c \u00faderem<\/span><\/a> , kter\u00fd dobyl z\u00e1padn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Jemenu (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 5 400 km\u00b2 dobyto za 11 dn\u00ed), kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy a hlavn\u00ed strategick\u00e9 ostrovy v Rud\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Jejich <\/span>akce a strategie<\/span><\/a> byly dob\u0159e napl\u00e1novan\u00e9 a zalo\u017een\u00e9 na <\/span>hlubok\u00e9m pochopen\u00ed<\/span><\/a> a zku\u0161enostech s jedine\u010dnou geografi\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm poloostrova.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rychl\u00fd pohled na mapu ukazuje, \u017ee Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a Jemen le\u017e\u00ed v \u201ekrabici\u201c \u2013 jej\u00edm\u017e st\u0159edem je pou\u0161\u0165, jej\u00ed\u017e boky tvo\u0159\u00ed drsn\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny sva\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se k Rud\u00e9mu mo\u0159i. Ansar All\u00e1h nyn\u00ed dr\u017e\u00ed vyso\u010diny nad p\u0159\u00edstupy k Rud\u00e9mu mo\u0159i a tak\u00e9 obsadil kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ostrovy Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, kter\u00e9 kontroluj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k pr\u016flivu Bab al-Mandab.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech geografie odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed skalnat\u00fd ter\u00e9n \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho svahu, kter\u00fd Hormuzsk\u00fd region ohrani\u010duje.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato geografick\u00e1 realita nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 letectvo nevytla\u010d\u00ed hbit\u00e9 horsk\u00e9 kmeny z jejich horsk\u00e9 pevn\u016fstky. Ansar Allah v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bojuje asymetricky. Po v\u00edce ne\u017e desetilet\u00e9m <\/span>ne\u00fanavn\u00e9m bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a> bojuj\u00ed jako <\/span>\u201esvobodn\u00ed mu\u017ei\u201c<\/span><\/a> ; \u201ep\u0159el\u00e9t\u00e1vaj\u00ed\u201c z m\u00edsta na m\u00edsto a jejich vojensk\u00e1 infrastruktura je poh\u0159bena (podobn\u011b jako v \u00cdr\u00e1nu). Nyn\u00ed ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed pr\u016fliv Bab al-Mandab d\u011blost\u0159electvem, \u010d\u00edm\u017e si sv\u00e9 sofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed drony a rakety \u0161et\u0159\u00ed pro jin\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 nebo z\u00e1padn\u00ed letectvo bude m\u00edt jen mal\u00fd dopad. Neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zjevn\u00e9 c\u00edle; st\u00edha\u010dky Ansar All\u00e1h jsou jako fatamorgany pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se sem a tam. S\u00edly na jihu spojen\u00e9 se Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed jsou sp\u00ed\u0161e koalice sestaven\u00e9 z r\u016fzn\u00fdch ji\u017en\u00edch kmen\u016f a \u017eold\u00e1k\u016f; existuj\u00ed zde tak\u00e9 zbytky \u017eold\u00e1k\u016f podporuj\u00edc\u00edch Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, s nimi\u017e se prosa\u00fadsk\u00e9 s\u00edly r\u016fzn\u011b st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 ofenz\u00edva proti Ansar Allah byla debaklem; bez centr\u00e1ln\u00edho velen\u00ed, pl\u00e1nu a nep\u0159ipraven\u00e9 logistiky \u00fatok ztroskotal. Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee boje se nyn\u00ed <\/span>\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed<\/span><\/a> do provinci\u00ed D\u017eiz\u00e1n a Najran \u2013 kter\u00e9 jsou v sou\u010dasnosti sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie. Jedn\u00e1 se o dv\u011b ze t\u0159\u00ed bohat\u00fdch a \u00farodn\u00fdch jemensk\u00fdch provinci\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie obsadila ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed. Jemen je nepochybn\u011b chce zp\u011bt.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Co tedy mohou Izrael a USA ud\u011blat na podporu sv\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho spojence? Izrael z\u0159ejm\u011b <\/span>vychvaluje<\/span><\/a> Africk\u00fd roh jako z\u00e1kladnu, ze kter\u00e9 by mohl zah\u00e1jit oboj\u017eiveln\u00fd \u00fatok p\u0159es Rud\u00e9 mo\u0159e s c\u00edlem zmocnit se okraje \u201ekrabice Ansar All\u00e1h\u201c hrani\u010d\u00edc\u00ed s Rud\u00fdm mo\u0159em. Takov\u00e1 p\u0159edstava se v\u0161ak natolik podob\u00e1 ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9mu oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9mu \u00fatoku na Gallipoli p\u0159es Dardanelsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv v 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce, kter\u00fd si vy\u017e\u00e1dal smrt v\u00edce ne\u017e 44 000 spojeneck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, \u017ee si nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159edstavit, jak \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm Pentagonu b\u011bh\u00e1 mrazen\u00ed po z\u00e1dech.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee Trump a dal\u0161\u00ed \u201espojenci\u201c odm\u00edtli p\u0159isp\u011bchat na pomoc MbS [Mohammedovi bin Salm\u00e1novi] \u2013 ostrakizace a pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nez\u016fstane bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed sa\u00fadsk\u00fdch klan\u016f a kmen\u016f, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le nesouhlas\u00ed s t\u00edm, \u017ee kr\u00e1l Salm\u00e1n v roce 2017, na rozd\u00edl od tradice, manipuloval s kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdm n\u00e1stupnictv\u00edm a jmenoval sv\u00e9ho obl\u00edben\u00e9ho syna MbS korunn\u00edm princem (sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e dal\u0161\u00edm bratrem v linii n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed). Stejn\u011b tak nebude zapomenuto ani MbSovo vyd\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 400 princ\u016f, oligarch\u016f a ministr\u016f v hotelu Ritz-Carlton v Rij\u00e1du v listopadu 2017; stejn\u011b tak nebude odpu\u0161t\u011bno ani zabavov\u00e1n\u00ed ropn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f a, jak nasti\u0148uje profesor Madawi Al-Rasheed, <\/span>podroben\u00ed sa\u00fadsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f<\/span><\/a> za \u00fa\u010delem nastolen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy jedn\u00e9 rodiny.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm faktorem \u2013 krom\u011b geografie \u2013 kter\u00fd je t\u0159eba vz\u00edt v \u00favahu, jsou ko\u0159eny Ansar Allah v historick\u00e9m revolu\u010dn\u00edm kr\u00e9du a dlouh\u00e1 sporn\u00e1 historie poloostrova.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jos\u00e9 Alberto Nino to <\/span>vysv\u011btluje<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZa p\u0159ekvapiv\u00fdmi geopolitick\u00fdmi zisky Ansar Allah stoj\u00ed starobyl\u00e1 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 tradice. <\/span>Zajdismus<\/span><\/a> je jednou ze 3 p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch hlavn\u00edch v\u011btv\u00ed \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9ho isl\u00e1mu vedle twelverismu a ism\u00e1\u00edl\u00edismu\u201c \u2013<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eTvelverismus \u2013 dominantn\u00ed v\u011btev, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje v\u011bt\u0161inu \u0161\u00editsk\u00fdch muslim\u016f na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a je st\u00e1tn\u00edm n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00edm \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u2013 zast\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1zor, \u017ee duchovn\u00ed legitimita proch\u00e1z\u00ed lini\u00ed 12 im\u00e1m\u016f\u2026 Ism\u00e1\u00edlismus, n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdvan\u00fd sedmi\u010dlenn\u00fd \u0161\u00editsk\u00fd isl\u00e1m, se od linie dvan\u00e1cti\u010dlenn\u00fdch odd\u011blil v ot\u00e1zce, kter\u00fd syn \u0161est\u00e9ho im\u00e1ma byl pr\u00e1voplatn\u00fdm n\u00e1stupcem; jeho nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011btev dnes n\u00e1sleduje Aga Ch\u00e1na jako \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho im\u00e1ma.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eZejdismus je pojmenov\u00e1n po Zajdovi ibn Al\u00edm, pravnukovi proroka Mohameda\u2026 Zat\u00edmco dvan\u00e1ctn\u00edci v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee im\u00e1m mus\u00ed b\u00fdt bo\u017esky ustanoven, a ism\u00e1\u00edl\u00edti n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eij\u00edc\u00edho im\u00e1ma, zajd\u00edov\u00e9 se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli u\u010den\u00fd potomek Al\u00edho m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st povst\u00e1n\u00edm proti tyranii.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201eH\u00fat\u00edov\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed hnut\u00edm s ko\u0159eny v hnut\u00ed Zajd\u00ed, ale vybudovali \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed koalici nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d sekt\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi hranicemi\u2026 [rekrutuj\u00ed] \u0161\u00e1fijsk\u00e9 sunnity a dosadili ji\u017en\u00ed sunnitsk\u00e9 politiky na viditeln\u00e9 civiln\u00ed pozice, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e <\/span>apeluj\u00ed na sunnitsk\u00e9 komunity<\/span><\/a> prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm suverenity, boje proti korupci, proti intervenc\u00edm a propalestinsk\u00fdch solidaritn\u00edch poselstv\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u201e[\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1] revoluce v roce 1979 nab\u00eddla zajd\u00edjsk\u00fdm obrozenc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edklad \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9ho isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho povst\u00e1n\u00ed proti monarchii a z\u00e1padn\u00ed moci. [Jejich v\u016fdce] Husajn obdivoval odpor ajatoll\u00e1ha Chomejn\u00edho, p\u0159ijal prvky \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tn\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed, [ale] hledal v Hizball\u00e1hu organiza\u010dn\u00ed model.\u201c<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto Ansar Allah nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem, trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m Nino.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho trval\u00fd vzdor v\u016f\u010di Izraeli, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, nepoch\u00e1z\u00ed pouze od Hizball\u00e1hu ani \u00cdr\u00e1nu, ale je zakotven v \u201evlastn\u00edm pozvednut\u00ed zbran\u00ed proti tyranii\u201c jeho prvn\u00edho im\u00e1ma, kdy\u017e se v roce 740 n. l. vzbou\u0159il proti Umajj\u00e1dsk\u00e9mu chal\u00edf\u00e1tu a byl umu\u010den.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Antipatie v\u016f\u010di \u017did\u016fm mezi H\u00fat\u00edyi p\u016fvodn\u011b vznikla, jak p\u00ed\u0161e Nino, <\/span>\u201epo sabatejsk\u00e9m hnut\u00ed v roce 1666, kdy Jemen zachv\u00e1tilo masov\u00e9 mesi\u00e1\u0161sk\u00e9 vzru\u0161en\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em> [obrovsk\u00e9ho po\u010dtu \u017did\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 na Sabbataje Zeviho jako Mesi\u00e1\u0161e vedouc\u00edho \u017didy k bezprost\u0159edn\u00edmu vykoupen\u00ed].<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabat\u016fv mysticismus<\/span><\/a> byl v\u0161ude, od Evropy po Asii, velmi kontroverzn\u00ed. Tis\u00edce \u017did\u016f byly kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm sabatov\u00fdm praktik\u00e1m exkomunikov\u00e1ny sv\u00fdmi rab\u00ednsk\u00fdmi autoritami. <\/span>Sabbatai Zevi<\/span><\/a> a praktiky, kter\u00e9 jeho hnut\u00ed p\u0159ij\u00edmalo, natolik pobou\u0159ily osmansk\u00e9ho chal\u00edfu Mehmeda IV., \u017ee na\u0159\u00eddil Zevimu konvertovat k isl\u00e1mu, jinak se p\u0159ijal smrt. Zevi se rozhodl konvertovat k isl\u00e1mu v roce 1666. V\u011bt\u0161ina jeho obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed stoupenc\u016f \u00fadajn\u011b konvertovala k isl\u00e1mu tak\u00e9 podle Zeviho p\u0159\u00edkladu, ale tajn\u011b z\u016fstala \u201esabatistickou\u201c. Proto vzniklo hnut\u00ed D\u00f6nmeh, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edst\u00edralo tajnou v\u011brnost v Turecku i mimo n\u011bj.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V Jemenu vydal h\u00fat\u00edjsk\u00fd im\u00e1m po konzultaci se zajd\u00edjsk\u00fdmi u\u010denci rozhodnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 stejn\u011b jako chal\u00edfa po\u017eadovalo \u017eidovskou konverzi \u2013 ultim\u00e1tum, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina jemensk\u00fdch \u017did\u016f odm\u00edtla. Tato epizoda vyvrcholila demolic\u00ed synagog po cel\u00e9m Jemenu v roce 1679 a vyhn\u00e1n\u00edm ve\u0161ker\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 populace z Jemenu (\u017did\u00e9 se v\u0161ak po zhruba ro\u010dn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtomnosti <\/span>vr\u00e1tili , a\u010dkoli mnoz\u00ed zjistili, \u017ee jejich d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed majetek byl zabaven).<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Osmansk\u00fd chal\u00edfa si nepochybn\u011b p\u0159edstavoval, \u017ee sabatsk\u00e1 epizoda skon\u010dila v roce 1666 \u2013 ale do\u0161lo k zvratu, kter\u00fd nakonec p\u0159isp\u011bl k rozpadu chal\u00edf\u00e1tu. Zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm byl chal\u00edf\u00e1t rozbit, vrhal st\u00edn na Ibn Saudovo podporu Abd al-Wahhabovi a jeho fanatikovi \u2013 alianci, kter\u00e1 byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za hluboce protich\u016fdnou sunnitsk\u00e9mu isl\u00e1mu jako celku.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Po stalet\u00ed \u017eili D\u00f6nmehov\u00e9 dvoj\u00edm \u017eivotem \u2013 praktikovali identitu \u201eve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho tajemstv\u00ed\u201c, kde skr\u00fdvali skute\u010dnou n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou loajalitu. Kdy\u017e se Mlad\u00ed Turci za\u010dali zasazovat o sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed st\u00e1t z\u00e1padn\u00edho typu, D\u00f6nmehov\u00e9 <\/span>tuto v\u011bc horliv\u011b prosazovali<\/span><\/a> . Sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed, nacionalistick\u00e9 Turecko znamenalo, \u017ee by ji\u017e nemuseli b\u00fdt definov\u00e1ni p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi kodexy (syst\u00e9mem Millet) Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Kone\u010dn\u011b mohli vystoupit ze st\u00ednu jako rovnocenn\u00ed, sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed ture\u010dt\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00ed historici<\/span><\/a> uzn\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee komunita D\u00f6nmeh hr\u00e1la z\u00e1kladn\u00ed roli ve <\/span>V\u00fdboru pro sjednocen\u00ed a pokrok (CUP)<\/span><\/em> a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9m rozpadu Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Z <\/span>pohledu<\/span><\/a> osmansk\u00fdch loajalist\u016f byla \u0159\u00ed\u0161e svr\u017eena dv\u011bma neortodoxn\u00edmi, ru\u0161iv\u00fdmi silami \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00edmi sekularizuj\u00edc\u00edmi reform\u00e1tory na Z\u00e1pad\u011b (\u010dasto D\u00f6nmeh) a za druh\u00e9 radik\u00e1ln\u00edmi n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi fanatiky na V\u00fdchod\u011b (wahh\u00e1bist\u00e9). V odlehl\u00e9 pou\u0161ti st\u0159edn\u00ed Ar\u00e1bie (Nad\u017ed) bylo spojenectv\u00ed mezi Muhammadem ibn Abd al-Wahhabem a rodem Sa\u00fad\u016f vn\u00edm\u00e1no jako p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1lka proti osmansk\u00e9 n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 historii a jej\u00ed \u00fazemn\u00ed hegemonii.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zlomov\u00e9 body nastaly s ni\u010div\u00fdmi n\u00e1jezdy wahh\u00e1b\u016f na Karbal\u00e1 (1802), Mekku a Medinu (1803-1805), kter\u00e9 \u0161okovaly muslimsk\u00fd sv\u011bt a donutily osmansk\u00e9ho sult\u00e1na k drastick\u00fdm krok\u016fm.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Velmi medializovan\u00e1 <\/span>zpr\u00e1va ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 zpravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby z roku 2002 <\/span><\/em>objeven\u00e1<\/span><\/a> po p\u00e1du Bagd\u00e1du (a d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u00edla osmansk\u00fdch autor\u016f, jako byl Ayyub Sabri Pasha), tvrdila, \u017ee Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (zakladatel wahh\u00e1bismu) a Muhammad bin Saud byli potomky D\u00f6nmeh.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli pro takovou souvislost neexistuj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 doslovn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy, \u0159ada <\/span>pozorovatel\u016f<\/span><\/a> si v\u0161imla siln\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ln\u00edch a funk\u010dn\u00edch \u201erezonanc\u00ed\u201c v tom, jak tato t\u0159i hnut\u00ed \u2013 sabatismus, wahh\u00e1bismus a mesianistick\u00fd sionismus \u2013 fungovala v r\u00e1mci sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed: V\u0161echna t\u0159i p\u0159edstavovala radik\u00e1ln\u00ed odklon od tradi\u010dn\u00ed ortodoxie. Wahh\u00e1bismus odm\u00edtl stalet\u00ed isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 tradice ve prosp\u011bch rigidn\u00edho literalismu; <\/span>sabatismus<\/span><\/a> zcela poru\u0161il rab\u00ednsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo a mesianistick\u00fd sionismus podvracel tradi\u010dn\u00ed ortodoxn\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed (\u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na Mesi\u00e1\u0161e).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017eila svou historii a svou legitimitu p\u0159\u00edmo ukotvovala v bo\u017esk\u00e9m mand\u00e1tu spojenectv\u00ed s Ibn Abd al-Wahhabem z roku 1744. V posledn\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie pod veden\u00edm \u201eSyna kr\u00e1le\u201c Muhammada bin Salm\u00e1na <\/a><\/span>v\u011bdom\u011b odpoutala od wahh\u00e1bismu<\/span><\/a> . St\u00e1t p\u0159epsal svou ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed historii tak, aby od roku 1727 zd\u016fraz\u0148oval n\u00e1rodn\u00ed a kmenovou identitu, a bagatelizoval tak roli Ibn Wahhaba.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco Turecko \u2013 jako\u017eto hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnick\u00fd st\u00e1t Osmansk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u2013 si uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 hlubokou kulturn\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 na osmansko-wahh\u00e1bistick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, mnoho tureck\u00fdch n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch autorit pova\u017euje wahh\u00e1bismus za vysoce destruktivn\u00ed, neisl\u00e1msk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed duchovn\u00ed integritu isl\u00e1mu. Stejn\u011b tak \u0161\u00edit\u00e9, a\u0165 u\u017e \u00edr\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed nebo jemen\u0161t\u00ed, pova\u017euj\u00ed vyplen\u011bn\u00ed Karbal\u00e1 veden\u00e9 Sa\u00fadem bin Abd-al-Azz\u00edzem (synem kr\u00e1le) za existencion\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok na svou duchovn\u00ed identitu. Bylo zabito 2 000\u20135 000 \u0161\u00edit\u016f a svatyn\u011b Ibn Husajna byla vyplen\u011bna.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato ud\u00e1lost zd\u011bsila \u0161\u00editsk\u00e9 i sunnitsk\u00e9 muslimy v cel\u00e9m regionu. Z pomsty p\u0159icestoval koncem roku 1803 \u0161\u00editsk\u00fd vrah z Ir\u00e1ku do sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Diriyah a ubodal k smrti sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9ho vl\u00e1dce Abd al-Azize. Nakonec osmansko-egyptsk\u00e9 s\u00edly <\/span>obl\u00e9haly<\/span><\/a> sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00e9 hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Diriyah. Po brut\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u011bkolikam\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se m\u011bsto vzdalo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tato historie ilustruje struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zranitelnost isl\u00e1msk\u00fdch pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed as-Sa\u00fad\u016f v jejich v\u00e1lce s Ansar All\u00e1h \u2013 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je v naprost\u00e9m rozporu se z\u00e1padn\u00edm vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bie jako \u201ereformn\u00edho\u201c st\u00e1tu a p\u00f3lu isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n