{"id":117298,"date":"2026-10-02T00:35:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T22:35:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=117298"},"modified":"2026-10-01T17:06:43","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T15:06:43","slug":"alexandre-lemoine-stredni-asie-by-se-mohla-stat-cilem-migrantu-z-evropy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/02\/alexandre-lemoine-stredni-asie-by-se-mohla-stat-cilem-migrantu-z-evropy\/","title":{"rendered":"Alexandre Lemoine: St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie by se mohla st\u00e1t c\u00edlem migrant\u016f z Evropy"},"content":{"rendered":"
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EU se nevzdala my\u0161lenky pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch migrant\u016f do postsov\u011btsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed migrace v EU proch\u00e1z\u00ed hlubok\u00fdm prostorov\u00fdm posunem. Hranice p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt pouhou geografickou lini\u00ed a st\u00e1v\u00e1 se souborem technologi\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 lze outsourcovat, subdod\u00e1vat a implementovat jinde.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V uplynul\u00e9m desetilet\u00ed Brusel systematicky outsourcoval funkce zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed, zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, kontroly a vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed za sv\u00e9 hranice, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd v\u011bdci naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201eoutsourcingov\u00fdm\u201c. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed logika tohoto syst\u00e9mu nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm tajemstv\u00edm: pokud je nemo\u017en\u00e9 zastavit lidi na cest\u011b do Evropy, pak mus\u00ed b\u00fdt evropsk\u00e9 hranice roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny a\u017e k jejich m\u00edstu p\u016fvodu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Iniciativa EU na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed \u201en\u00e1vratov\u00fdch center\u201c pro migranty v Kazachst\u00e1nu a Uzbekist\u00e1nu ned\u00e1vno z\u00edskala zna\u010dnou pozornost m\u00e9di\u00ed. Astana zpr\u00e1vu rychle pop\u0159ela. Odborn\u00edci a online koment\u00e1to\u0159i v\u0161ak za\u010dali zkoumat skute\u010dn\u00e1 rizika a sporn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ednosy pro st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00e9 by mohly vyplynout z p\u0159ijet\u00ed tohoto ze sv\u00e9 podstaty nepopul\u00e1rn\u00edho rozhodnut\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u011bt \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f EU (Nizozemsko, Rakousko, D\u00e1nsko, N\u011bmecko a \u0158ecko) uprost\u0159ed migra\u010dn\u00ed krize aktivn\u011b hled\u00e1 zp\u016fsoby, jak deportovat odm\u00edtnut\u00e9 \u017eadatele o azyl. Dohodly se <\/span>na<\/span><\/a> spole\u010dn\u00e9m modelu pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u201en\u00e1vratov\u00fdch center\u201c v zahrani\u010d\u00ed a pl\u00e1nuj\u00ed letos uzav\u0159\u00edt prvn\u00ed dohodu se zem\u00ed mimo EU, ale organizace pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a minul\u00e9 ne\u00fasp\u011bchy ve Rwand\u011b a Alb\u00e1nii vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed o\u017eehav\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed, finan\u010dn\u00ed a lidskopr\u00e1vn\u00ed obavy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1nsko a vl\u00e1dy \u010dty\u0159 dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed EU o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee budou p\u0159ipraveny pos\u00edlat odm\u00edtnut\u00e9 \u017eadatele o azyl do deporta\u010dn\u00edch center mimo Evropskou unii do konce roku 2027, jeliko\u017e jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi partnersk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi vstupuj\u00ed do rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed f\u00e1ze.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto vy\u0161lo najevo po setk\u00e1n\u00ed v Kodani 4. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9ho se z\u00fa\u010dastnili minist\u0159i migrace a vnitra D\u00e1nska, N\u011bmecka, Rakouska, Nizozemska a \u0158ecka \u2013 tzv. skupiny p\u011bti \u2013 kte\u0159\u00ed se dohodli na spole\u010dn\u00e9m modelu \u201en\u00e1vratov\u00fdch center\u201c a hodlaj\u00ed uzav\u0159\u00edt prvn\u00ed partnerskou dohodu se zem\u00ed mimo EU kolem konce roku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Koncem kv\u011btna 2026 <\/span>zve\u0159ejnil<\/span><\/em> Politico informace <\/span>o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a> speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u201en\u00e1vratov\u00fdch center\u201c mimo Evropu, v Africe, na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a zejm\u00e9na ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii. Publikace konkr\u00e9tn\u011b jmenovala Kazachst\u00e1n a Uzbekist\u00e1n jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed partnery.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato my\u0161lenka je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed reformy migra\u010dn\u00ed politiky EU. Evropsk\u00e1 komise byla pov\u011b\u0159ena vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm nov\u00fdch readmisn\u00edch dohod a Evropsk\u00fd parlament ji\u017e schv\u00e1lil p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pravidla pro vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch migrant\u016f do jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Evrop\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed znepokojiv\u00fdmi statistikami: v Evropsk\u00e9 unii je deportov\u00e1no pouze 20 a\u017e 30 procent odm\u00edtnut\u00fdch \u017eadatel\u016f o azyl.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato zpr\u00e1va vyvolala zna\u010dn\u00e9 pobou\u0159en\u00ed v m\u00e9di\u00edch a na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch. Reakce kaza\u0161sk\u00fdch a uzbeck\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f byla okam\u017eit\u00e1, co\u017e prok\u00e1zalo vysokou citlivost t\u00e9to problematiky pro m\u00edstn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mluv\u010d\u00ed kaza\u0161sk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed uvedl, \u017ee o \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch takov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch nev\u00ed. Podle n\u011bj jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Bruselem skute\u010dn\u011b prob\u00edhaj\u00ed, ale zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed se na dva body: zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed v\u00edzov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu pro kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 ob\u010dany a standardn\u00ed readmisn\u00ed dohodu. Up\u0159esnil, \u017ee tato druh\u00e1 dohoda pouze zavazuje Astanu k p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed zp\u011bt vlastn\u00edch ob\u010dan\u016f neleg\u00e1ln\u011b pob\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch v Evrop\u011b a v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nep\u0159edstavuje \u201etranzitn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu\u201c pro Sy\u0159any ani Afgh\u00e1nce.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Uzbekist\u00e1n rovn\u011b\u017e uvedl, \u017ee nevede a nepl\u00e1nuje v\u00e9st \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b takov\u00fdch center. Mluv\u010d\u00ed ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed tento postoj potvrdil.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed kontext: co dokumenty vlastn\u011b \u0159\u00edkaj\u00ed?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Hlavn\u00ed intrika spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve v\u00fdkladu jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zah\u00e1jen\u00fdch v prosinci 2025. Strany skute\u010dn\u011b diskutuj\u00ed o bal\u00ed\u010dku \u201eliberalizace v\u00edzov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu + readmise\u201c. V \u010dervenci 2025 Rada EU ofici\u00e1ln\u011b pov\u011b\u0159ila Evropskou komisi zah\u00e1jen\u00edm jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s Kazachst\u00e1nem konkr\u00e9tn\u011b o readmisi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed odborn\u00edci, standardn\u00ed readmisn\u00ed dohoda je b\u011b\u017enou mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed prax\u00ed. Evropa nab\u00edz\u00ed mobilitu (zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00edza) v\u00fdm\u011bnou za z\u00e1ruku, \u017ee hostitelsk\u00e1 zem\u011b p\u0159ijme zp\u011bt sv\u00e9 ob\u010dany, kte\u0159\u00ed poru\u0161ili v\u00edzov\u00e9 \u200b\u200bp\u0159edpisy. Neexistovala by \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 klauzule t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Analytici a novin\u00e1\u0159i v\u0161ak podez\u0159\u00edvaj\u00ed EU, \u017ee se sna\u017e\u00ed \u201eroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it\u201c koncept readmise, aby prom\u011bnila St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii ve \u201eskl\u00e1dku\u201c pro sv\u00e9 migra\u010dn\u00ed probl\u00e9my. Renomovan\u00e9 m\u00e9dium, jako je <\/span>Politico,<\/span><\/em> uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee EU <\/span>zva\u017euje vys\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a> nejen Uzbek\u016f a Kazach\u016f do St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, ale tak\u00e9 osob bez st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti a ob\u010dan\u016f jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rizika pro St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pro\u010d kaza\u0161sk\u00e9 a uzbeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady reagovaly na \u00fanik informac\u00ed tak nerv\u00f3zn\u011b?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed t\u00e1bor\u016f pro \u201eodm\u00edtnut\u00e9 Evropany\u201c (z nich\u017e mnoz\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z konfliktn\u00edch z\u00f3n) okam\u017eit\u011b vyvol\u00e1 protesty konzervativn\u00edho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v dot\u010den\u00fdch zem\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na externalizaci hranic ji\u017e selhaly nebo uv\u00edzly u soud\u016f (nap\u0159\u00edklad dohoda Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed s Rwandou nebo It\u00e1lie s Alb\u00e1ni\u00ed). Volba St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie proto nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Pro Astanu a Ta\u0161kent v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje ocitnut\u00ed se v takov\u00e9 situaci \u010dervenou \u010d\u00e1ru, kterou proti nim pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 samotn\u00fd Z\u00e1pad.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edchod tis\u00edc\u016f cizinc\u016f, rozho\u0159\u010den\u00fdch zam\u00edtnut\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dost\u00ed o azyl, nevyhnuteln\u011b vytvo\u0159\u00ed kriminogenn\u00ed tlak na region. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rozumn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk to ch\u00e1pe. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to ch\u00e1pou i \u00fa\u0159ady obou republik.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mrkev pro osla<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Situace prozat\u00edm p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 klasick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00danik informac\u00ed do <\/span>Politica<\/span><\/em> m\u011bl s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed za c\u00edl zhodnotit reakci ve\u0159ejnosti ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii. Ta se uk\u00e1zala jako drtiv\u011b negativn\u00ed, co\u017e donutilo Astanu a Ta\u0161kent, aby se od t\u00e9to my\u0161lenky prozat\u00edm distancovaly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je nicm\u00e9n\u011b jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tlak na st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9 republiky se zintenzivn\u00ed. Evropa zkoum\u00e1 v\u0161echny mo\u017enosti, jak vy\u0159e\u0161it svou migra\u010dn\u00ed krizi. Brusel bude po\u017eadovat maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fastupky v\u00fdm\u011bnou za dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd bezv\u00edzov\u00fd re\u017eim.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed tedy re\u00e1ln\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee \u00fa\u0159ady v Kazachst\u00e1nu a Uzbekist\u00e1nu neodolaj\u00ed a nechaj\u00ed se sv\u00e9st evropskou mrkv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim je nab\u00eddnuta \u2013 mrkv\u00ed, kter\u00e1, jak uk\u00e1zala ukrajinsk\u00e1 zku\u0161enost, na postsov\u011btsk\u00e9 elity neomyln\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed. Prozat\u00edm p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b pop\u00edraj\u00ed existenci takov\u00e9 iniciativy. Geopolitick\u00e9 smlouv\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexandre Lemoine<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

EU se nevzdala my\u0161lenky pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed neleg\u00e1ln\u00edch migrant\u016f do postsov\u011btsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed migrace v EU proch\u00e1z\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117299,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[760,41,283,119],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117298"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117298"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117298\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117299"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117298"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117298"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117298"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}