{"id":117289,"date":"2026-10-02T00:30:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T22:30:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=117289"},"modified":"2026-10-01T16:53:33","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:53:33","slug":"puda-moc-a-etnicke-armady-proc-je-etiopie-opet-ve-valce","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/02\/puda-moc-a-etnicke-armady-proc-je-etiopie-opet-ve-valce\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u016fda, moc a etnick\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy: pro\u010d je Etiopie op\u011bt ve v\u00e1lce?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V posledn\u00edch dnech boje zachv\u00e1tily velkou \u010d\u00e1st Tigray. Etiopsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nasazuje drony, zat\u00edmco s\u00edly TPLF obsadily leti\u0161t\u011b a objevily se v ulic\u00edch Mekele, nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho m\u011bsta regionu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Uprost\u0159ed eskalace boj\u016f mezi feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi jednotkami a separatisty v severn\u00edm regionu Tigraj a jejich spojenci doch\u00e1z\u00ed st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji k v\u00fdpadk\u016fm internetu a hroz\u00ed blok\u00e1da n\u011bkolika oblast\u00ed. To by mohlo znamenat za\u010d\u00e1tek no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fry: b\u011bhem posledn\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v letech 2020 a\u017e 2022 zem\u0159elo v Tigraji podle odhad\u016f b\u00fdval\u00e9ho nigerijsk\u00e9ho prezidenta Oluseguna Obasanja, zprost\u0159edkovatele Africk\u00e9 unie v m\u00edrov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch, b\u011bhem dvou let 600 000 lid\u00ed. V\u00e1lka donutila miliony lid\u00ed opustit sv\u00e9 domovy. Konflikt byl poznamen\u00e1n masakry, sexu\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00edm a hladomorem. Nyn\u00ed Tigrajsk\u00e1 lidov\u00e1 osvobozeneck\u00e1 fronta (TPLF) prohl\u00e1sila m\u00edrovou dohodu z roku 2022 za neplatnou.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ke st\u0159et\u016fm mezi feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi silami a tigrajsk\u00fdmi silami do\u0161lo ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve. Tento t\u00fdden se v\u0161ak boje v Tigraji zintenzivnily a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ily do sousedn\u00edch region\u016f Afar a Amhara. V nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00edm regionu Etiopie, Oromii, se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 obnoven\u00ed povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto oblastech operuj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed etnick\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 skupiny, jako je Oromsk\u00e1 osvobozeneck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da (ALO), milice Fano v Amha\u0159e a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Etiopsk\u00e9 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edly bojuj\u00ed proti Oromsk\u00e9 osvobozeneck\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b od roku 2018 a proti Fano milic\u00edm od roku 2023.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ud\u00e1losti konce z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026 v Etiopii se odv\u00edjely extr\u00e9mn\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm zp\u016fsobem: ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o <\/span>vytvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a> Koalice etiopsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch sil pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 z nejm\u00e9n\u011b sedmi etnick\u00fdch milic\u00ed, a obnoven\u00ed aktivn\u00edch boj\u016f na severu zem\u011b ohrozilo budoucnost nejstar\u0161\u00edho st\u00e1tu na kontinentu. O n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed pozd\u011bji koalice zintenzivnila nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 akce proti feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b a vyhl\u00e1sila <\/span>v\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a> .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rebelsk\u00e1 koalice sdru\u017euje Tigrajskou lidovou osvobozeneckou frontu (TPLF), hnut\u00ed Fano, Oromskou osvobozeneckou arm\u00e1du (OLA), Ogadenskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed osvobozeneckou frontu, Afarskou revolu\u010dn\u00ed demokratickou frontu pro jednotu, Benishangulskou lidovou osvobozeneckou frontu a Gumuzsk\u00e9 lidov\u011b demokratick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Rebely spojuje jen m\u00e1lo v\u011bc\u00ed krom\u011b jejich nespokojenosti s feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dou Abiye Ahmeda a rol\u00ed jejich etnick\u00fdch skupin v rozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Premi\u00e9r Abiy Ahmed Ali navrhl koncept \u201emedemeru\u201c (synergie) pro zemi s c\u00edlem vytvo\u0159it spole\u010dnou etiopskou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed identitu a zm\u00edrnit rigidn\u00ed etnicko-teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed rozd\u011blen\u00ed. M\u00edstn\u00ed radik\u00e1ln\u00ed skupiny, zvykl\u00e9 na feud\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu nad sv\u00fdmi region\u00e1ln\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, v\u0161ak vn\u00edmaj\u00ed centralizaci moci jako hrozbu pro sv\u00e1 vlastn\u00ed privilegia.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza povahy tohoto konfliktu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u011b ukazuje, \u017ee jak\u00fdkoli pokus o demont\u00e1\u017e etiopsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu pod rou\u0161kou etnonacionalismu vede do slep\u00e9 uli\u010dky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejhor\u0161\u00ed na tom je, \u017ee by se v\u00e1lka mohla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it nejen na celou Etiopii, ale i do sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Situaci komplikuj\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se region\u00e1ln\u00ed aliance. Zm\u011bnilo se i vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed sil: Eritrea je nyn\u00ed op\u011bt v otev\u0159en\u00e9m konfliktu s Ahmedovou vl\u00e1dou, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty udr\u017euj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vazby s Addis Abebou, zat\u00edmco Egypt a S\u00fad\u00e1n maj\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed spory s Etiopi\u00ed. Eritrea, kter\u00e1 v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1lce podporovala etiopskou vl\u00e1du proti TPLF, se nyn\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b spojuje s tigrajsk\u00fdmi silami.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se vztahy mezi Etiopi\u00ed a Eritreou zhor\u0161ily kv\u016fli snaze Addis Abeby z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k Rud\u00e9mu mo\u0159i.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka v S\u00fad\u00e1nu, spory mezi Etiopi\u00ed, Egyptem a S\u00fad\u00e1nem o vody Nilu a nestabilita na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b Rud\u00e9ho mo\u0159e, kde operuj\u00ed jemen\u0161t\u00ed H\u00fat\u00edov\u00e9. Otev\u0159en\u00e1 v\u00e1lka mezi Etiopi\u00ed a Eritreou by mohla vyvolat novou krizi pobl\u00ed\u017e jedn\u00e9 ze strategicky nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obchodn\u00edch tras sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V posledn\u00edch dnech boje zachv\u00e1tily velkou \u010d\u00e1st Tigray. Etiopsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da nasazuje drony, zat\u00edmco s\u00edly TPLF…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,3635,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117289"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}