{"id":117283,"date":"2026-10-02T00:27:20","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T22:27:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=117283"},"modified":"2026-10-01T16:45:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:45:59","slug":"spojene-staty-navrat-k-orwellovske-dystopii-za-trumpa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/10\/02\/spojene-staty-navrat-k-orwellovske-dystopii-za-trumpa\/","title":{"rendered":"Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty: N\u00e1vrat k orwellovsk\u00e9 dystopii za Trumpa?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Dvoj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed koncept v rom\u00e1nu George Orwella 1984. Popisuje schopnost sou\u010dasn\u011b zast\u00e1vat dv\u011b protich\u016fdn\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a ob\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat jako pravdy. Nen\u00ed to tedy ani le\u017e, ani v\u011bdom\u00e9 pokrytectv\u00ed, proto\u017ee osoba, kter\u00e1 ho praktikuje, z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b ignoruje rozpor a up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed v tuto novou \u201erealitu\u201c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jedn\u00e1 se o mechanismus ment\u00e1ln\u00ed manipulace, kter\u00fdm si \u010dlov\u011bk upravuje pam\u011b\u0165 a my\u0161lenky tak, aby odpov\u00eddaly ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed pravd\u011b dan\u00e9ho okam\u017eiku, a to dokonce tak daleko, \u017ee vyma\u017ee fakt, \u017ee tuto \u00fapravu provedl.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Novo\u0159e\u010d. Dvojmy\u0161len\u00ed a novo\u0159e\u010d jsou dva n\u00e1stroje re\u017eimu z roku 1984, jejich\u017e fungov\u00e1n\u00ed je na sob\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9: dvojmy\u0161len\u00ed je ment\u00e1ln\u00ed mechanismus a novo\u0159e\u010d je jazykov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj ur\u010den\u00fd k usnadn\u011bn\u00ed tohoto sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed. Jejich vztah spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na t\u0159ech z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch: Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed slovn\u00ed z\u00e1soby s c\u00edlem eliminovat kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed. Novo\u0159e\u010d slova ni\u010d\u00ed, m\u00edsto aby je vytv\u00e1\u0159el. Eliminac\u00ed term\u00edn\u016f jako \u201esvoboda\u201c, \u201erevoluce\u201c nebo \u201espravedlnost\u201c mozek ztr\u00e1c\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje nezbytn\u00e9 k pochopen\u00ed t\u011bchto my\u0161lenek. Pokud \u010dlov\u011bku chyb\u00ed slova k popisu rozporu, je mnohem snaz\u0161\u00ed uch\u00fdlit se k dvojmy\u0161len\u00ed a p\u0159ijmout ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verzi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam slov. Velk\u00fd bratr pozm\u011b\u0148uje slovn\u00edk tak, \u017ee slovo znamen\u00e1 opak sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu. To se odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v Ministerstvu pravdy, kter\u00e9 se v\u011bnuje vym\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed l\u017e\u00ed a fal\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed historie; Ministerstvu m\u00edru, kter\u00e9 udr\u017euje neust\u00e1lou v\u00e1lku; a Ministerstvu l\u00e1sky, kter\u00e9 se uchyluje k mu\u010den\u00ed a vym\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed mozk\u016f. Aby ob\u010dan\u00e9 mohli vstoupit do t\u011bchto budov, ani\u017e by vn\u00edmali ironii, newspeak jim poskytuje n\u00e1zvy a doublethink jim umo\u017e\u0148uje jim up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b v\u011b\u0159it. Koncept Blackthink (\u010dernob\u00edl\u00fd): Toto je \u010dist\u011b newspeakov\u00fd term\u00edn, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje doublethink. Vztahuje se ke zvyku nestoudn\u011b tvrdit, \u017ee \u010dern\u00fd je b\u00edl\u00fd, kdy\u017e to vy\u017eaduje stranick\u00e1 discipl\u00edna, ale s p\u0159idanou schopnost\u00ed v\u011b\u0159it, \u017ee \u010dern\u00fd je ve skute\u010dnosti b\u00edl\u00fd, a zapom\u00ednat, \u017ee se kdysi myslelo opak.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dvoj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed a newspeak v Trumpov\u011b politice. Kellyanne Conwayov\u00e1, b\u00fdval\u00e1 Trumpova poradkyn\u011b, obhajovala nepravdiv\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edtomnosti ur\u010dit\u00fdch osob na prezidentsk\u00e9 inauguraci term\u00ednem \u201ealternativn\u00ed fakta\u201c. Jej\u00ed kritici v\u0161ak pouk\u00e1zali na to, \u017ee po\u017eadavek, aby ve\u0159ejnost p\u0159ijala prokazateln\u011b nepravdivou verzi jako pravdu rovnocennou empirick\u00e9 realit\u011b, p\u0159edstavuje dvoj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed, proto\u017ee zahrnuje pot\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed se se dv\u011bma protich\u016fdn\u00fdmi informacemi (t\u00edm, co \u010dlov\u011bk vid\u00ed, a t\u00edm, co mu je \u0159e\u010deno) a volbu v\u011b\u0159it ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed verzi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podobn\u011b Donald Trump zpopularizoval a p\u0159edefinoval v\u00fdraz \u201efale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy\u201c, kter\u00fd v orwellovsk\u00e9m smyslu odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pou\u017eit\u00ed newspeaku, kter\u00e9 p\u0159evrac\u00ed v\u00fdznamy. V Trumpov\u011b r\u00e9torice se tedy \u201efale\u0161n\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy\u201c obecn\u011b nevztahuj\u00ed na \u010dist\u011b vymy\u0161len\u00e9 informace, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na d\u016fkladn\u00e9 a ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou v rozporu s jeho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edmi.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jsou neov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 informace nebo konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie prezentov\u00e1ny jako \u201eabsolutn\u00ed pravda\u201c. Podobn\u011b Trump v pr\u016fb\u011bhu sv\u00fdch kampan\u00ed a politick\u00fdch mand\u00e1t\u016f radik\u00e1ln\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj postoj ke stejn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zce nebo osob\u011b a po\u017eaduje, aby jeho p\u0159\u00edznivci p\u0159ijali nov\u00fd postoj a opustili ten p\u0159edchoz\u00ed.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jeho vztahy s politick\u00fdmi osobnostmi, jako je sen\u00e1tor J. D. Vance a podnikatel Elon Musk, se tedy pohybovaly mezi naprost\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00edm a naprost\u00fdm spojenectv\u00edm, ale narativ je okam\u017eit\u011b reinterpretov\u00e1n, nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 minulost minimalizov\u00e1na nebo p\u0159eps\u00e1na a sou\u010dasn\u00e1 loajalita se st\u00e1v\u00e1 jedinou historickou pravdou. Pokud jde o \u00fatok na Kapitol 6. ledna, jeho diskurz sou\u010dasn\u011b kol\u00edsal mezi ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm za \u201eden l\u00e1sky\u201c a obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm krajn\u011b levicov\u00fdch infiltr\u00e1tor\u016f (Antifa) z odpov\u011bdnosti za n\u00e1sil\u00ed, nebo popisov\u00e1n\u00edm zat\u010den\u00fdch jako \u201erukojm\u00ed\u201c a \u201evlastenc\u016f\u201c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pop\u00edral jak\u00e9koli povst\u00e1n\u00ed. Tvrdit, \u017ee se jednalo o m\u00edrovou ud\u00e1lost, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 obvi\u0148ovat z n\u00e1sil\u00ed sv\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele, je do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem kolektivn\u00edho dvojtlumo\u010den\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kognitivn\u00ed disonance. V politick\u00e9 psychologii se dvoj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed projevuje jako kognitivn\u00ed disonance. Kdy\u017e se tedy Trumpovi p\u0159\u00edznivci setkaj\u00ed s listinn\u00fdmi d\u016fkazy, zvukov\u00fdmi nahr\u00e1vkami nebo soudn\u00edmi rozhodnut\u00edmi, kter\u00e1 jeho tvrzen\u00ed vyvracej\u00ed, jejich mysl toto nap\u011bt\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed odm\u00edtnut\u00edm materi\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f (ozna\u010den\u00edm je za spiknut\u00ed \u201ehlubok\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu\u201c nebo politickou perzekuci) a lp\u011bn\u00edm na slovech v\u016fdce, jak s\u00e1m Trump v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedl ve sv\u00e9m projevu v \u010dervenci 2018: \u201eTo, co vid\u00edte a co \u010dtete, neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 realit\u011b.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Na druhou stranu Trumpovi obh\u00e1jci a analytici populistick\u00e9 komunikace tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento styl nen\u00ed formou autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 kontroly mysli, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdm p\u0159eh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00edm a zpochyb\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm statu quo. Z tohoto pohledu Trump performativn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jazyk k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed emo\u010dn\u00edho spojen\u00ed s voli\u010di zklaman\u00fdmi z tradi\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a jeho v\u00fdroky by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt br\u00e1ny doslova, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">Germ\u00e1n Gorraiz L\u00f3pez , politick\u00fd analytik<\/span><\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dvoj\u00ed my\u0161len\u00ed je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed koncept v rom\u00e1nu George Orwella 1984. Popisuje schopnost sou\u010dasn\u011b zast\u00e1vat dv\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117284,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4076,452,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117283"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117283"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117283\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117283"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117283"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117283"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}