{"id":117103,"date":"2026-09-30T00:38:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-29T22:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=117103"},"modified":"2026-09-29T18:53:04","modified_gmt":"2026-09-29T16:53:04","slug":"temer-9-700-km%c2%b2-masova-migrace-do-kalifornie-pohlcuje-prirodu-a-zemedelskou-pudu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/30\/temer-9-700-km%c2%b2-masova-migrace-do-kalifornie-pohlcuje-prirodu-a-zemedelskou-pudu\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 700 km\u00b2: Masov\u00e1 migrace do Kalifornie pohlcuje p\u0159\u00edrodu a zem\u011bd\u011blskou p\u016fdu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Kalifornie, kter\u00e9 po desetilet\u00ed vl\u00e1dnou levicov\u00ed demokrat\u00e9, hl\u00e1s\u00e1 ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 asfaltuje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed plochy sv\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Jen v letech 1982 a\u017e 2022 zmizelo pod domy, silnicemi a pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi parky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 700 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Nov\u00e1 studie p\u0159ipisuje 91 procent t\u00e9to spot\u0159eby p\u016fdy popula\u010dn\u00edmu r\u016fstu. Za t\u00edm stoj\u00ed masivn\u00ed migrace: Dnes v tomto st\u00e1t\u011b \u017eije 10,9 milionu lid\u00ed narozen\u00fdch v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 1970 m\u011bla Kalifornie 19 953 134 obyvatel. Do s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu z roku 2020 se toto \u010d\u00edslo zv\u00fd\u0161ilo na 39 538 223. B\u011bhem p\u016fl stolet\u00ed se populace v\u00edce ne\u017e <\/span>zdvojn\u00e1sobila<\/span><\/a> . A t\u011bchto t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 20 milion\u016f dal\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed pot\u0159ebovalo bydlen\u00ed, silnice, pr\u00e1ci, podniky, \u0161koly, elekt\u0159inu, vodu a kanalizaci. R\u016fst populace vede ke stavebn\u00ed \u010dinnosti a stavebn\u00ed \u010dinnost vede ke spot\u0159eb\u011b p\u016fdy. Tento trend je v Kalifornii pozorovateln\u00fd ji\u017e po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie \u201e Paving Paradise: 50 Years of Population Growth in California\u201c (Dl\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed r\u00e1je: 50 let popula\u010dn\u00edho r\u016fstu v Kalifornii<\/span><\/a> ), kterou v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed publikovali Leon Kolankiewicz a Philip Cafaro, vykresluje drsn\u00fd obraz. Podle jejich v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f bylo mezi lety 1982 a 2022 zastav\u011bno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 9 700 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fdy. Pole, biotopy a otev\u0159en\u00e9 prostory zmizely a nahradily je bytov\u00e9 domy, pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 parky, silnice a dal\u0161\u00ed infrastruktura.<\/span><\/p>\n

Masov\u00e1 imigrace zvy\u0161uje spot\u0159ebu p\u016fdy<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina z toho je zp\u016fsobena samotnou imigrac\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pouze mal\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st lze p\u0159ipsat rostouc\u00edm po\u017eadavk\u016fm na prostor na osobu. Pouze dev\u011bt procent dodate\u010dn\u00e9 spot\u0159eby p\u016fdy p\u0159ipisuj\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee na obyvatele bylo n\u00e1rokov\u00e1no v\u00edce p\u016fdy. Devades\u00e1t jedna procent je p\u0159ipisov\u00e1no r\u016fstu populace. Hust\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdstavba m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit spot\u0159ebu na obyvatele. I m\u011bstsk\u00e9 \u010dtvrti s v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdmi budovami v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed silnice, in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, podniky, \u0161koly a infrastrukturu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rozsah tohoto rozvoje <\/span>je<\/span><\/a> obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00fd v kalifornsk\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9m p\u00e1su. V okrese Kern se zastav\u011bn\u00e1 plocha mezi lety 1982 a 2022 zv\u011bt\u0161ila p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 684 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch a v okrese Fresno o zhruba 368 kilometr\u016f \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00edch. Podle studie se zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 p\u016fda v okrese Imperial b\u011bhem t\u011bchto \u010dty\u0159 desetilet\u00ed zmen\u0161ila o 35 procent. P\u016fda, kter\u00e1 byla kdysi ztracena kv\u016fli bytov\u00e9 v\u00fdstavb\u011b, sklad\u016fm, parkovi\u0161t\u00edm a asfaltu, ji\u017e nen\u00ed k dispozici pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdznamn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st tohoto popula\u010dn\u00edho r\u016fstu je zp\u016fsobena <\/span>imigrac\u00ed<\/span><\/a> ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Dnes se 10,9 milionu lid\u00ed \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v Kalifornii nenarodilo ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Tvo\u0159\u00ed 28 procent populace \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dtvrt\u00e9ho obyvatele. Tato demografick\u00e1 skupina vzrostla jen v 90. letech 20. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 2,4 milionu lid\u00ed, mezi lety 2000 a 2010 o dal\u0161\u00edch 1,24 milionu a mezi lety 2010 a 2024 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 800 000 v\u00edce. Kalifornie m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed v\u00edce imigrant\u016f ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd st\u00e1t USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi lety 2010 a 2024<\/span><\/a> se z Kalifornie do jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f USA p\u0159est\u011bhovalo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 deset milion\u016f lid\u00ed \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b konzervativc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli unaven\u00ed levicovou politikou demokrat\u016f \u2013 zat\u00edmco z jin\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed USA se do Kalifornie p\u0159est\u011bhovalo o n\u011bco v\u00edce ne\u017e sedm milion\u016f lid\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku toho st\u00e1t ztratil n\u011bkolik milion\u016f obyvatel ve prosp\u011bch zbytku USA. Podle Kalifornsk\u00e9ho institutu pro ve\u0159ejnou politiku (Public Policy Institute of California) tento \u00fabytek vnit\u0159n\u00ed migrace pokra\u010duje bez p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00ed od roku 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalifornie ji\u017e l\u00e9ta za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 \u010dist\u00fd \u00fabytek obyvatel ve prosp\u011bch jin\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f USA. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b od roku 2022 jej\u00ed populace op\u011bt roste \u2013 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky imigraci z oblast\u00ed mimo Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Mezi \u010dervencem 2022 a \u010dervencem 2025 se ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 718 000 lid\u00ed, zat\u00edmco vnit\u0159n\u00ed migrace z\u016fstala vysok\u00e1. Dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee i Kalifornie za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 masivn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu obyvatelstva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u00fd trend lze pozorovat i v Evrop\u011b<\/span><\/h3>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 populace <\/span>roste<\/span><\/a> tak\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v d\u016fsledku imigrace. Od roku 2012 v Evropsk\u00e9 unii ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b zem\u0159e v\u00edce lid\u00ed, ne\u017e se jich narod\u00ed. V roce 2024 bylo 3,56 milionu narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ji\u017e kompenzov\u00e1no 4,82 miliony \u00famrt\u00ed \u2013 p\u0159irozen\u00fd \u00fabytek p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1,3 milionu lid\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 kladn\u00e1 \u010dist\u00e1 migrace ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,3 milionu zajistila, \u017ee se populace EU st\u00e1le zv\u00fd\u0161ila o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,1 milionu lid\u00ed. K 1. lednu 2026 \u017eilo v Evropsk\u00e9 unii p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 452 milion\u016f lid\u00ed \u2013 o osm milion\u016f v\u00edce ne\u017e o deset let d\u0159\u00edve.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1,1 milionu dal\u0161\u00edch obyvatel za pouh\u00fd jeden rok znamen\u00e1 tak\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enou popt\u00e1vku po bydlen\u00ed, doprav\u011b, energii, vod\u011b, \u0161kol\u00e1ch, nemocnic\u00edch a ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 si mnoho evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed st\u011b\u017euje na nedostatek byt\u016f, rostouc\u00ed n\u00e1jmy, p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 silnice a rostouc\u00ed zakr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy. I kdy\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 stav\u011bt hust\u011bji, stav\u011bt v\u00fd\u0161e a efektivn\u011bji vyu\u017e\u00edvat ka\u017ed\u00fd metr \u010dtvere\u010dn\u00ed, neodstra\u0148uje to dodate\u010dnou popt\u00e1vku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalifornie ukazuje, jak rychle m\u016f\u017ee r\u016fst populace v\u00e9st k v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu s vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm p\u016fdy a infrastrukturou. Nedostatek byt\u016f v Evrop\u011b, zakr\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, dopravn\u00ed z\u00e1cpy a p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b se nakonec scvrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na tot\u00e9\u017e: v\u00edce lid\u00ed pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce prostoru a v\u00edce infrastruktury.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kalifornie, kter\u00e9 po desetilet\u00ed vl\u00e1dnou levicov\u00ed demokrat\u00e9, hl\u00e1s\u00e1 ochranu \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 asfaltuje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":117104,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[2839,11742,1095,1977],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117103"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=117103"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/117103\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/117104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=117103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=117103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=117103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}