{"id":116719,"date":"2026-09-25T00:32:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T22:32:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=116719"},"modified":"2026-09-24T17:23:53","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T15:23:53","slug":"summit-brics-v-indii-politicke-a-financni-vysledky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/25\/summit-brics-v-indii-politicke-a-financni-vysledky\/","title":{"rendered":"Summit BRICS v Indii: Politick\u00e9 a finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d zem\u00ed BRICS se ned\u00e1vno se\u0161ly v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed na sv\u00e9m v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm summitu. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee tato ud\u00e1lost p\u0159it\u00e1hla pozornost cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. BRICS je jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch platforem a sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem a efektivitou ji\u017e p\u0159edstihla dv\u011b star\u0161\u00ed skupiny tohoto druhu \u2013 G7 a G20.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00e1ha zem\u00ed BRICS pramen\u00ed z velikosti jejich \u010dlen\u016f. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b dv\u011b nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b sv\u011bta (Indie a \u010c\u00edna), t\u0159i z p\u011bti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed co do rozlohy (Rusko, \u010c\u00edna a Braz\u00edlie) a p\u011bt z deseti nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ekonomik (\u010c\u00edna, Indie, Rusko, Indon\u00e9sie a Braz\u00edlie). Skupina d\u00e1le zahrnuje t\u0159i zem\u011b, na kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b kolektivn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uje Z\u00e1pad \u2013 \u010c\u00ednu, Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n. Aktivity BRICS jsou proto ve Washingtonu a evropsk\u00fdch metropol\u00edch vn\u00edm\u00e1ny s velk\u00fdmi obavami. Donald Trump opakovan\u011b vyhro\u017eoval BRICS a pokou\u0161el se zastra\u0161it jej\u00ed rezervovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nebo zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dleny.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Politick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky summitu v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!r9qV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F20aaff01-1fff-4748-9201-f929e73cfde2_2200x1467.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"804\" height=\"536\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d zem\u00ed BRICS v Bharat Mandapam v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed 12. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026. Foto: Tiskov\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed indick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Summit v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed byl \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd nejm\u00e9n\u011b ze t\u0159\u00ed politick\u00fdch a diplomatick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zaprv\u00e9, \u00fa\u010dast: P\u0159\u00edtomny byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d deseti \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed skupiny \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b Vladimira Putina a Si \u0164in-pchinga. V\u00fdjimkou byly hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f Braz\u00edlie a Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f. Prezident Lula, kter\u00fd byl uprost\u0159ed sv\u00e9 kampan\u011b za znovuzvolen\u00ed, se nemohl na dlouhou cestu dostavit. Jeho absence byla jist\u011b c\u00edtit \u2013 Lula je jedn\u00edm ze zakladatel\u016f BRICS a hr\u00e1l v t\u00e9to skupin\u011b aktivn\u00ed roli \u2013 ale samoz\u0159ejm\u011b v\u0161ichni ch\u00e1pali, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o p\u0159\u00edpad vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Za druh\u00e9, deseti zem\u00edm se poda\u0159ilo p\u0159ijmout spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, co\u017e na takov\u00fdch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch setk\u00e1n\u00edch neb\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u017edycky pravidlem. Neshody v kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch \u010dasto br\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9mu komunik\u00e9, tak\u017ee to byla zna\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdzva. Komunik\u00e9 obsahuje nejm\u00e9n\u011b 140 odstavc\u016f a pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u0161echna t\u00e9mata relevantn\u00ed pro sv\u011bt a zem\u011b BRICS. Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee tak heterogenn\u00ed skupina, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje zejm\u00e9na opozi\u010dn\u00ed \u010dleny, jako je \u00cdr\u00e1n a Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty, dok\u00e1zala vypracovat komplexn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se mimo jin\u00e9 zab\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00e1lkou proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed trag\u00e9di\u00ed v Palestin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Za t\u0159et\u00ed, a mo\u017en\u00e1 nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed potvrdilo d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zn\u00e1mky sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed. V n\u00e1vaznosti na kroky podniknut\u00e9 v pr\u016fb\u011bhu roku 2026 ke zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1dali N\u00e1rendra M\u00f3d\u00ed a Si \u0164in-pching dlouh\u00e9 bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed setk\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto setk\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e1 strategick\u00fd v\u00fdznam nejen pro ob\u011b zem\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 pro zem\u011b BRICS a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih jako celek. Spory a nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed, pramen\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z \u00fazemn\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f v Him\u00e1laji, brzd\u00ed aktivity zem\u00ed BRICS ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let. Tyto spory maj\u00ed hlubok\u00e9 ko\u0159eny a dokonce vyvrcholily v\u00e1lkou mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi v roce 1962, kterou \u010c\u00edna vyhr\u00e1la. Sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed je slo\u017eit\u00fd proces a bude n\u011bjakou dobu trvat, ale kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, \u017ee za\u010dal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pro\u010d bylo sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed v roce 2026 mo\u017en\u00e9? Jedn\u00edm z d\u016fvod\u016f \u2013 mo\u017en\u00e1 t\u00edm nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u2013 je to, \u017ee Indii zasko\u010dily r\u016fzn\u00e9 celn\u00ed \u00fatoky a hrozby ze strany Trumpovy administrativy. Do roku 2025 Indie p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dala, \u017ee m\u00e1 s USA zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vztah, a spol\u00e9hala se na americkou podporu jako protiv\u00e1hu ve sv\u00e9m soupe\u0159en\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou. Indov\u00e9 si nyn\u00ed uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee tento zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed vztah byl alespo\u0148 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b iluzorn\u00ed. Uk\u00e1zalo se proto, \u017ee Indie m\u00e1 mal\u00fd nebo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd prosp\u011bch z distancov\u00e1n\u00ed se od \u010c\u00edny, aby si zajistila p\u0159\u00edze\u0148 USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Finan\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1ha BRICS<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!TwtW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd15e2a6-dc2c-47f2-9bff-43b1dda5ed61_2400x1080.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"844\" height=\"380\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">NDB, CRA a BRICS Pay se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve v\u00fdrazn\u011b odli\u0161n\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00fdvoje.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto t\u0159i faktory \u2013 \u00fa\u010dast t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech hlav st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d, spole\u010dn\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed \u2013 jsou politick\u00e9 a diplomatick\u00e9 povahy. BRICS \u2013 a to je dal\u0161\u00ed siln\u00e1 str\u00e1nka skupiny \u2013 v\u0161ak jde nad r\u00e1mec t\u00e9to oblasti a zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se r\u016fzn\u00fdmi ekonomick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami, zejm\u00e9na finan\u010dn\u00edmi. Stru\u010dn\u011b se budu zab\u00fdvat nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi iniciativami skupiny: Novou rozvojovou bankou (NDB), Dohodou o podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch rezerv\u00e1ch (CRA) a syst\u00e9mem p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch plateb zn\u00e1m\u00fdm jako BRICS Pay.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">NDB, l\u00e9pe zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako BRICS Bank, m\u00e1 s\u00eddlo v \u0160anghaji a je zdaleka nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm praktick\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem t\u00e9to skupiny. Byla zalo\u017eena jako protiv\u00e1ha Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky a dal\u0161\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch rozvojov\u00fdch bank. Jedn\u00e1 se o zavedenou instituci s jeden\u00e1cti lety fungov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 zam\u011bstnanci, kter\u00e1 p\u016fsob\u00ed ze sv\u00e9ho \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed v \u0160anghaji a \u010dty\u0159 region\u00e1ln\u00edch center v Braz\u00edlii, Rusku, Indii a Ji\u017en\u00ed Africe. Schv\u00e1lila projekty infrastruktury a udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho rozvoje v hodnot\u011b p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 40 miliard USD. \u010clensk\u00e1 z\u00e1kladna se rozrostla z p\u011bti zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed na deset, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed ji\u017e bylo schv\u00e1leno Radou guvern\u00e9r\u016f NDB, ale st\u00e1le \u010dekaj\u00ed na dokon\u010den\u00ed sv\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch postup\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159esto se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee je opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 uznat, \u017ee NDB se dosud nestala skute\u010dn\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed instituc\u00ed. Po\u010det jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f se zv\u00fd\u0161il na 10 a v kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9m horizontu by mohl dos\u00e1hnout 14 nebo 15, ale to je pro banku, kter\u00e1 aspiruje na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fsoben\u00ed, zjevn\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00e9. Mal\u00fd po\u010det \u010dlen\u016f omezuje jej\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 zdroje a \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. NDB nav\u00edc z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b dolarizovan\u00e1 na stran\u011b aktiv i pasiv. V t\u00e9to oblasti bylo dosa\u017eeno v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku, zejm\u00e9na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm emis\u00ed dluhopis\u016f a \u00fav\u011br\u016f v renminbi, ale dolar st\u00e1le tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 % v\u00fdp\u016fj\u010dek a \u00fav\u011br\u016f banky. Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed hlav st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d se sice t\u011bmito dv\u011bma nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami zab\u00fdvalo, ale pouze obecn\u011b a na\u0159\u00eddilo NDB, aby zv\u00fd\u0161ila sv\u00e9 \u201efinancov\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00ed m\u011bn\u011b\u201c a \u201eurychlen\u011b zv\u00e1\u017eila \u017e\u00e1dosti o \u010dlenstv\u00ed od zainteresovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed\u201c (bod 115 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u00da\u0159ad pro makroekonomick\u00fd dohled (CRA), zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 2014 soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s NDB, dosud nezah\u00e1jil svou \u010dinnost, a proto je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fd. Byl vytvo\u0159en jako m\u011bnov\u00fd fond pro skupinu a jako protiv\u00e1ha MMF. Opera\u010dn\u00ed struktura instituce byla dokon\u010dena a bylo provedeno n\u011bkolik funk\u010dn\u00edch test\u016f. \u00datvar makroekonomick\u00e9ho dohledu stanoven\u00fd v zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed smlouv\u011b CRA v\u0161ak dosud nebyl z\u0159\u00edzen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159istoupen\u00ed nov\u00fdch zem\u00ed BRICS, kter\u00e9 si p\u0159ej\u00ed k dohod\u011b p\u0159ipojit se, st\u00e1le \u010dek\u00e1. Jakmile budou tyto kroky dokon\u010deny, CRA by mohla za\u010d\u00edt fungovat jako zdroj extern\u00ed likvidity. A\u010dkoli p\u011bt zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f \u2013 s mo\u017enou v\u00fdjimkou Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky \u2013 nepot\u0159ebuje pomoc s platebn\u00ed bilanc\u00ed, plat\u00ed to pro n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nov\u00fdch zem\u00ed BRICS. Zejm\u00e9na Egypt a Etiopie podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm ujedn\u00e1n\u00edm s MMF a mohly by z podpory CRA t\u011b\u017eit, jakmile se stanou \u010dleny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dohoda o ratifikaci (CRA) proto vy\u017eaduje n\u011bkolik zm\u011bn a praktick\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed, nejl\u00e9pe pod veden\u00edm hlav st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d BRICS. Deklarace z Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed v t\u011bchto bodech z\u016fstala v\u00e1gn\u00ed nebo ml\u010dela. Nezm\u00ednila se o \u00fakolu, kter\u00fd je ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e deset let \u010dekaj\u00edc\u00ed, a to o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed monitorovac\u00edho nebo kontroln\u00edho org\u00e1nu, co\u017e je nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e dohoda m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt skute\u010dn\u011b fungovat, ani o dedolarizaci dohody, kter\u00e1 v sou\u010dasnosti umo\u017e\u0148uje pouze swapy v americk\u00fdch dolarech. A obsahovala pouze v\u00e1gn\u00ed, byrokratickou zm\u00ednku o \u201eukon\u010den\u00ed diskus\u00ed\u201c o p\u0159istoupen\u00ed p\u011bti nov\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f BRICS k CRA \u201ena dobrovoln\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b a s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k okolnostem specifick\u00fdm pro danou zemi\u201c (odstavec 97 deklarace).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">NDB a CRA vznikly v roce 2014, kdy byly na summitu BRICS ve Fortaleze podeps\u00e1ny stanovy banky a dohoda o CRA. \u201eBRICS Pay\u201c je nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed iniciativa, o kter\u00e9 se poprv\u00e9 diskutovalo v roce 2024 za rusk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed BRICS. Jednalo by se o mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd by poskytoval alternativu k z\u00e1padn\u00edm platform\u00e1m, jako je SWIFT, je\u017e se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k sankc\u00edm a tlaku na zem\u011b pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 nebo nespolupracuj\u00edc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b zejm\u00e9na dvou \u010dlen\u016f BRICS \u2013 Ruska a \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z technick\u00e9ho hlediska je tento n\u00e1vrh provediteln\u00fd. Braz\u00edlie ji\u017e m\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9m PIX. Ostatn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b \u010c\u00edny, Ruska, \u00cdr\u00e1nu a Indie \u2013 maj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my. V\u00fdzvou je jejich integrace do jednotn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed, aby p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed platby byly rychlej\u0161\u00ed, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 jsou pon\u011bkud zastaral\u00e9 a notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e9 svou zranitelnost\u00ed v\u016f\u010di z\u00e1padn\u00edm z\u00e1sah\u016fm. Deklarace dala t\u00e9to ot\u00e1zce ur\u010ditou v\u00e1hu v odstavci 90, kde se zmi\u0148uje o pr\u00e1ci na p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed interoperabilit\u011b n\u00e1rodn\u00edch platebn\u00edch a komunika\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f. Vyzvala tak\u00e9 k dal\u0161\u00ed podpo\u0159e n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn BRICS v obchodu a investic\u00edch. C\u00edlem, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed deklarace, je \u201enal\u00e9zt praktick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jsou rychl\u00e1, levn\u00e1, dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, transparentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c \u2013 jin\u00fdmi slovy v\u0161e, co syst\u00e9m\u016fm ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdm Z\u00e1padem chyb\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud by BRICS skute\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hla tohoto v\u00fdsledku, byl by to miln\u00edk: kvalitativn\u00ed zm\u011bna v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztaz\u00edch jej\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f, kter\u00e1 by je do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry ochr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi i nep\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi sankcemi uvalen\u00fdmi USA a jejich spojenci \u010di satelitn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky a jak je p\u0159ekonat<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!_-uu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87e5ad3c-7d83-4bea-b555-4fccd569b5c7_2200x1082.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"880\" height=\"433\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u010clenov\u00e9 BRICS, partnersk\u00e9 zem\u011b, pozvan\u00ed host\u00e9 a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed, 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026. Foto: Tiskov\u00e1 informa\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 indick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Existuj\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky br\u00e1n\u00edc\u00ed dosa\u017een\u00ed t\u011bchto strategick\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f, z nich\u017e dv\u011b bych r\u00e1d zd\u016fraznil. Prvn\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je sotva zn\u00e1m\u00e1 t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed nejsou zapojeni do procesu BRICS, je odpor na\u0161ich centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank \u2013 nebo alespo\u0148 v\u011bt\u0161iny z nich \u2013 v\u016f\u010di \u010demukoli, co se odchyluje od sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e stanoven\u00e9ho Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty a Evropou. To do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry vysv\u011btluje skromn\u00fd pokrok v ot\u00e1zce CRA a diskus\u00ed o BRICS Pay. CRA i BRICS Pay spadaj\u00ed do kompetence centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank, co\u017e jim d\u00e1v\u00e1 pravomoc tyto iniciativy blokovat, i kdy\u017e je to v rozporu s pokyny vl\u00e1dn\u00edch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f a ministr\u016f. Toto je dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad problematick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed autonomie ud\u011blen\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00edm bank\u00e1m v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Druh\u00e1 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eka je obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politick\u00e9 povahy: vliv proz\u00e1padn\u00edch politick\u00fdch sil v zem\u00edch BRICS, kter\u00e9 se stav\u00ed proti opat\u0159en\u00edm vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00fdm jako odporuj\u00edc\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edm a geopolitick\u00fdm z\u00e1jm\u016fm USA a Evropy. Chov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank BRICS je jen jedn\u00edm z projev\u016f s\u00edly t\u011bchto kruh\u016f sympatick\u00fdch k Z\u00e1padu. Jejich vliv je citeln\u00fd v mnoha oblastech spole\u010dnost\u00ed a ekonomik skupiny. V\u00e1ha politick\u00fdch faktor\u016f by proto nem\u011bla b\u00fdt podce\u0148ov\u00e1na. A\u010dkoli je Z\u00e1pad v relativn\u00edm \u00fapadku, st\u00e1le si uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00fd vliv, kter\u00fd je v r\u016fzn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e citeln\u00fd ve v\u0161ech nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Komplexn\u00ed diskuse o tom, jak lze tyto a dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky p\u0159ekonat, by p\u0159ekro\u010dila r\u00e1mec t\u00e9to eseje. R\u00e1d bych se zam\u011b\u0159il pouze na jeden p\u0159edpoklad, kter\u00fd dosud nebyl spln\u011bn a kter\u00e9mu se v\u011bnuje jen mal\u00e1 pozornost ze strany t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed skupinu sleduj\u00ed zpovzd\u00e1l\u00ed: opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed praxe BRICS, kdy se rozhoduje v\u00fdhradn\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b konsensu nebo jednomyslnosti, co\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e9mu \u010dlenovi d\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo veta a \u010dasto paralyzuje iniciativy skupiny. Alternativou, kter\u00e1 ji\u017e byla zm\u00edn\u011bna v Kaza\u0148sk\u00e9 deklaraci hlav st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d z roku 2024, je prosazovat iniciativy, kde je to vhodn\u00e9, na \u201edobrovoln\u00e9m a nez\u00e1vazn\u00e9m z\u00e1klad\u011b\u201c \u2013 tedy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm podskupiny zem\u00ed BRICS a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku nebyly o iniciativ\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deny, by se mohly pozd\u011bji p\u0159ipojit, pokud by si to p\u0159\u00e1ly. Zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9ho rozhodovac\u00edho procesu bude obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, pokud by se sbli\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed mezi Indi\u00ed a \u010c\u00ednou prot\u00e1hlo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u010c\u00edna se ujme p\u0159edsednictv\u00ed skupiny v roce 2027. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 jen vid\u011bt, jak se k t\u011bmto v\u00fdzv\u00e1m postav\u00ed a jak bude prosazovat iniciativy BRICS. Jednou z ot\u00e1zek je, zda bude \u010c\u00edna pracovat na prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch projekt\u016f skupiny \u2013 NDB, CRA a BRICS Pay \u2013 nebo zda se zam\u011b\u0159\u00ed na sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed iniciativy v t\u00e9to oblasti a odsune BRICS do pozad\u00ed. Bez zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s podrobnostmi bych r\u00e1d pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee aby se \u010c\u00edna ochr\u00e1nila p\u0159ed z\u00e1padn\u00edmi sankcemi, ji\u017e n\u011bkolik let postupn\u011b buduje vlastn\u00ed alternativn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed architekturu, kter\u00e1 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na renminbi a je poh\u00e1n\u011bna st\u00e1tem a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi. Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee z pohledu ostatn\u00edch zem\u00ed BRICS je nadn\u00e1rodn\u00ed cesta vyjednan\u00e1 v r\u00e1mci skupiny v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159, v n\u011bm\u017e \u010c\u00edna nahrad\u00ed USA a renminbi nahrad\u00ed dolar.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"has-medium-font-size wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Brazilsk\u00e9 prezidentsk\u00e9 volby a na\u0161e \u00fa\u010dast v BRICS<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!2hgb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F237ee8d3-f2e5-4e19-89ed-0bd079ff9bd8_2400x1120.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"807\" height=\"376\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva a Fl\u00e1vio Bolsonaro. Fotografie: Ricardo Stuckert\/PR (CC BY 2.0); Ag\u00eancia Senado.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A nakonec p\u00e1r slov o Braz\u00edlii. Na\u0161e prezidentsk\u00e9 volby v \u0159\u00edjnu maj\u00ed pro BRICS velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee rozhodnou o tom, zda jedna ze zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edch zem\u00ed z\u016fstane ve skupin\u011b. Pokud by Lula prohr\u00e1l sv\u00e9 znovuzvolen\u00ed a Fl\u00e1vio Bolsonaro by zv\u00edt\u011bzil, Braz\u00edlie by se dokonce mohla rozhodnout BRICS opustit. I kdyby zem\u011b ve skupin\u011b z\u016fstala, sn\u00ed\u017eila by svou \u00fa\u010dast na aktivit\u00e1ch skupiny na minimum, jak tomu ji\u017e bylo za prezidentstv\u00ed Jaira Bolsonara. BRICS by ztratila na v\u00fdznamu v d\u016fsledku odstoupen\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 anga\u017eovanosti jednoho ze sv\u00fdch nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dlen\u016f. Braz\u00edlie by se zase zcela nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b vylou\u010dila z platformy, kter\u00e1 se stala nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm f\u00f3rem pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">Od <a href=\"https:\/\/geopoliticsprime.substack.com\/p\/the-brics-summit-in-india-political?utm_source=post-email-title&amp;publication_id=10341678&amp;post_id=216929973&amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;isFreemail=true&amp;r=pf6gr&amp;triedRedirect=true&amp;utm_medium=email\">Paula Nogueiry Batisty Jr.<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f a vl\u00e1d zem\u00ed BRICS se ned\u00e1vno se\u0161ly v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed na sv\u00e9m v\u00fdro\u010dn\u00edm&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116720,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1161,79,623],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116719"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116719"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116719\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116720"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}