{"id":116659,"date":"2026-09-24T05:32:56","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T03:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=116659"},"modified":"2026-09-24T05:32:56","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T03:32:56","slug":"jak-britska-koruna-primo-profitovala-z-obchodovani-s-lidmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/24\/jak-britska-koruna-primo-profitovala-z-obchodovani-s-lidmi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak britsk\u00e1 koruna p\u0159\u00edmo profitovala z obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s lidmi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Dlouho p\u0159ed modern\u00edmi omluvami britsk\u00e1 monarchie\u00a0 jej\u00ed investo\u0159i vybudovali jm\u011bn\u00ed na transatlantick\u00e9m obchodu s otroky<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ot\u00e1zka otroctv\u00ed a reparac\u00ed se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b vr\u00e1tila do centra mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed debaty, zejm\u00e9na v Africe a Karibiku. Konference o reparac\u00edch za transatlantick\u00fd obchod s otroky a otroctv\u00ed, <\/span>kter\u00e1 se konala<\/span><\/a> v Ghan\u011b, a petice <\/span>podan\u00e1<\/span><\/a> jamajskou delegac\u00ed britsk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li se zapojily do boje za historick\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed. Debatu d\u00e1le zost\u0159ilo vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/span>publikovan\u00e9<\/span><\/a> v den\u00edku The Guardian, kter\u00e9 se zab\u00fdvalo zapojen\u00edm britsk\u00e9 monarchie do syst\u00e9mu otroctv\u00ed a historick\u00fdmi vazbami mezi korunou a obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s Afri\u010dany.<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkov\u011b vzato, tento v\u00fdvoj vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku: Jak se m\u016f\u017ee britsk\u00e1 monarchie a britsk\u00fd st\u00e1t skute\u010dn\u011b vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s minulost\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e byla koruna p\u0159\u00edmo spojena s ekonomick\u00fdmi a politick\u00fdmi strukturami otroctv\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed symboly, kter\u00e9 samy o sob\u011b zachycuj\u00ed stalet\u00ed historie. Jedn\u00edm z nich je koruna vyra\u017een\u00e1 roz\u017ehaven\u00fdm \u017eelezem do k\u016f\u017ee zotro\u010den\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 bytosti. Jednalo se o skute\u010dnou a zdokumentovanou praxi, kterou prov\u00e1d\u011bla Jihomo\u0159sk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost, p\u0159\u00edmo podporovan\u00e1 britskou monarchi\u00ed za vl\u00e1dy kr\u00e1lovny Anny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 1713 toto partnerstv\u00ed zajistilo Brit\u00e1nii v\u00fdhradn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b dod\u00e1vat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 4 800 zotro\u010den\u00fdch Afri\u010dan\u016f do \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch koloni\u00ed v Americe. Toto d\u011bsiv\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo bylo pouze za\u010d\u00e1tkem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, v n\u011bm\u017e byla \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm akt\u00e9rem britsk\u00e1 monarchie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monarchie jako akcion\u00e1\u0159<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Historie \u010dasto zobrazuje transatlantick\u00fd obchod s otroky jako neosobn\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd fenom\u00e9n, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fd obchodn\u00edmi spole\u010dnostmi, daleko od politick\u00e9 moci. Realita je v\u0161ak velmi odli\u0161n\u00e1. Kr\u00e1lovskou africkou spole\u010dnost, jednu z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed obchoduj\u00edc\u00edch s otroky v britsk\u00e9 historii, p\u0159\u00edmo vedl Jakub, v\u00e9voda z Yorku, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji stal kr\u00e1lem Jakubem II. Pod jeho veden\u00edm spole\u010dnost n\u00e1siln\u011b p\u0159epravila p\u0159es Atlantik nejm\u00e9n\u011b 150 000 Afri\u010dan\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bylo identifikov\u00e1no p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 13 000 investor\u016f do britsk\u00e9ho obchodu s otroky, z nich\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 500 m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed podrobn\u00e9 biografick\u00e9 informace. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b \u010dlenov\u00e9 parlamentu, obchodn\u00edci, v\u00edce ne\u017e tis\u00edc \u017een z aristokracie a bur\u017eoazie, stejn\u011b jako \u010dlenov\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 rodiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkem britsk\u00fd obchod s otroky n\u00e1siln\u011b vyhnal z jejich vlasti v\u00edce ne\u017e 3 miliony Afri\u010dan\u016f a poslal je na plant\u00e1\u017ee v Americe a Karibiku, co\u017e je \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 vystihuje skute\u010dnou lidskou cenu prosperity vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 britsk\u00fdm kolonialismem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Slova, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010diny<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 t\u011bmto fakt\u016fm z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed reakce sou\u010dasn\u00e9 monarchie p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm opatrn\u00e1. Kr\u00e1l Karel III. popsal otroctv\u00ed jako <\/span>\u201eot\u0159esnou trag\u00e9dii\u201c<\/span><\/em> a vyj\u00e1d\u0159il podporu historick\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu vazeb mezi monarchi\u00ed a obchodem s otroky. Toto je symbolick\u00e9 gesto a p\u0159edstavuje odklon od desetilet\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 naprost\u00e9ho ml\u010den\u00ed o tomto t\u00e9matu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chladn\u00fd fakt v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1: Britsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se dosud ofici\u00e1ln\u011b neomluvila a na \u00farovni st\u00e1t\u016f nebyla zah\u00e1jena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 seri\u00f3zn\u00ed diskuse o mo\u017en\u00fdch reparac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato promy\u0161len\u00e1 opatrnost nen\u00ed specifick\u00e1 pouze pro Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, ale nab\u00fdv\u00e1 tam zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho v\u00fdznamu, proto\u017ee pr\u00e1v\u011b monarchie, instituce \u00fadajn\u011b zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed kontinuitu a jednotu n\u00e1roda, je p\u0159\u00edmo implikov\u00e1na historick\u00fdmi d\u016fkazy. Uznat <\/span>\u201evazby\u201c<\/span><\/em> s otroctv\u00edm, jak to \u010din\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00e1 kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 komunikace, je jedna v\u011bc. Uznat p\u0159\u00edmou odpov\u011bdnost se v\u0161emi politick\u00fdmi, mor\u00e1ln\u00edmi a finan\u010dn\u00edmi d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 z toho plynou, je v\u011bc druh\u00e1. Mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma le\u017e\u00ed prostor, ve kter\u00e9m se ji\u017e l\u00e9ta odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 boj o koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed pam\u011b\u0165 Brit\u00e1nie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od Koh-i-Noor po beninsk\u00e9 bronzy<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tuto neklidnou situaci lze pozorovat i u p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 monarchie nad\u00e1le vlastn\u00ed. Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je Koh-i-Noor, kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed diamant odvezen\u00fd z indick\u00e9ho subkontinentu b\u011bhem koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry. P\u0159i sv\u00e9 korunovaci v roce 2023 se kr\u00e1lovna Camilla rozhodla nenosit korunu kr\u00e1lovny matky, do kter\u00e9 je k\u00e1men zasazen, co\u017e bylo z\u0159ejm\u011b diktov\u00e1no sp\u00ed\u0161e diplomatickou opatrnost\u00ed ne\u017e n\u011bjak\u00fdm z\u00e1sadn\u00edm p\u0159ehodnocen\u00edm, proto\u017ee diamant z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 mezi kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdmi klenoty, jako by se nic nestalo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stejn\u00fd vzorec lze pozorovat u beninsk\u00fdch bronz\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly uloupeny b\u011bhem britsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 expedice v roce 1897 a kter\u00e9 jsou dodnes z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vystaveny v Britsk\u00e9m muzeu, daleko od africk\u00e9 p\u016fdy, ze kter\u00e9 byly odebr\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

V obou p\u0159\u00edpadech z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 britsk\u00fd postoj stejn\u00fd: Diskutovat, studovat, odkl\u00e1dat \u2013 ale nevracet. Tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty jsou hmotn\u00fdm d\u016fkazem organizovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu rabov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00fd ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed diplomacie nad\u00e1le pova\u017euje za druho\u0159ad\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato britsk\u00e1 debata je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnohem \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po l\u00e9ta poh\u00e1n\u011bj\u00ed zem\u011b a n\u00e1rody, je\u017e p\u0159\u00edmo za\u017eily obchod s otroky a kolonialismus. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd po\u017eadavek Jamajky na reparace od britsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy je jedn\u00edm z mnoha p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, stejn\u011b jako podobn\u00e9 n\u00e1roky vznesen\u00e9 n\u011bkolika africk\u00fdmi a karibsk\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a panafrick\u00fdch f\u00f3r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto po\u017eadavky vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed velmi konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed ot\u00e1zku mor\u00e1ln\u00edho a materi\u00e1ln\u00edho dluhu vytvo\u0159en\u00e9ho stalet\u00edmi vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed, dluhu, kter\u00e9mu se p\u0159\u00edm\u00ed d\u011bdici tohoto syst\u00e9mu nad\u00e1le z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u016fvod sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho bohatstv\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

Je t\u0159eba si zde p\u0159ipomenout jeden z\u0159ejm\u00fd, p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto bagatelizovan\u00fd fakt: Bohatstv\u00ed nahromad\u011bn\u00e9 britskou monarchi\u00ed a velkou \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jej\u00ed aristokracie nevzniklo ve vakuu. Do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci, deportac\u00edch a utrpen\u00ed milion\u016f lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed vytr\u017een\u00fdch z africk\u00e9ho kontinentu. Oslavovat kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u2013 jeho koruny, diamanty a pal\u00e1ce \u2013 bez jasn\u00e9ho pojmenov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto p\u016fvodu znamen\u00e1 vymazat podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st historie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uzn\u00e1n\u00ed <\/span>\u201esouvislost\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em> s otroctv\u00edm bez vyvozov\u00e1n\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoli konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f prom\u011bn\u00ed zlo\u010din proti lidskosti ve str\u00e1nku historie p\u0159\u00edstupnou v archivech. Slova soucitu, jakkoli up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1, nenahrazuj\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed omluvy, od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ani restituci uloupen\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro africk\u00e9 n\u00e1rody a jejich potomky v diaspo\u0159e se tato ot\u00e1zka t\u00fdk\u00e1 pln\u00e9ho uzn\u00e1n\u00ed historick\u00e9ho zlo\u010dinu, restituce toho, co bylo ukradeno \u2013 bohatstv\u00ed, p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a d\u016fstojnosti \u2013 a kone\u010dn\u00e9ho nastolen\u00ed poctiv\u00e9ho vztahu mezi b\u00fdvalou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnost\u00ed a n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 vyplenila. Dokud toto uzn\u00e1n\u00ed z\u016fstane opatrn\u00e9 a bez konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f, bude se debata i nad\u00e1le v britsk\u00e9m i mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b vnucovat s rostouc\u00ed silou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od <\/span>Egountchiho Behanzina<\/span><\/strong> , zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho prezidenta mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed Africk\u00e9 ligy na obranu \u010dernoch\u016f, mluv\u010d\u00edho Panafrick\u00fdch bratr\u016f, politick\u00e9ho analytika a panafrick\u00e9ho aktivisty<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Egountchi<\/a><\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dlouho p\u0159ed modern\u00edmi omluvami britsk\u00e1 monarchie\u00a0 jej\u00ed investo\u0159i vybudovali jm\u011bn\u00ed na transatlantick\u00e9m obchodu s otroky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116660,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3339,7574,303],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116659"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116659\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116660"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}