{"id":116458,"date":"2026-09-22T00:29:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T22:29:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=116458"},"modified":"2026-09-21T16:26:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T14:26:38","slug":"oci-nelzou-ocni-vysetreni-muze-jako-prvni-upozornit-na-cukrovku-vysoky-tlak-i-neurologicke-onemocneni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/22\/oci-nelzou-ocni-vysetreni-muze-jako-prvni-upozornit-na-cukrovku-vysoky-tlak-i-neurologicke-onemocneni\/","title":{"rendered":"O\u010di nel\u017eou. O\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee jako prvn\u00ed upozornit na cukrovku, vysok\u00fd tlak i neurologick\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
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P\u0159ijdete k o\u010dn\u00edmu l\u00e9ka\u0159i kv\u016fli kontrole zraku a odejdete s doporu\u010den\u00edm nav\u0161t\u00edvit diabetologa, internistu nebo neurologa. I tak m\u016f\u017ee vypadat b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 o\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. O\u010di toti\u017e neprozrazuj\u00ed jen to, jak dob\u0159e vid\u00edme. Zm\u011bny na s\u00edtnici, jej\u00edch c\u00e9v\u00e1ch nebo zrakov\u00e9m nervu mohou b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch varovn\u00fdch sign\u00e1l\u016f onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdk\u00e1 cel\u00e9ho organismu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad cukrovky, vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku nebo n\u011bkter\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch a autoimunitn\u00edch chorob.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Oko nab\u00edz\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm n\u011bco mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho: mo\u017enost p\u0159\u00edmo a neinvazivn\u011b pozorovat c\u00e9vy a nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148. P\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edho pozad\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee oftalmolog zhodnotit stav s\u00edtnice, jej\u00edch drobn\u00fdch c\u00e9v i zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. Modern\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ovac\u00ed metody, nap\u0159\u00edklad optick\u00e1 koherentn\u00ed tomografie (OCT), pak umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zobrazit jednotliv\u00e9 vrstvy s\u00edtnice a struktury zrakov\u00e9ho nervu ve vysok\u00e9m rozli\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eO\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nen\u00ed jen kontrolou toho, zda pacient pot\u0159ebuje nov\u00e9 br\u00fdle. Stav o\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee odr\u00e1\u017eet procesy, kter\u00e9 prob\u00edhaj\u00ed v cel\u00e9m organismu. N\u011bkdy zachyt\u00edme zm\u011bny, je\u017e vedou k doporu\u010den\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u praktick\u00e9ho l\u00e9ka\u0159e, diabetologa, neurologa nebo internisty. Oftalmolog samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neur\u010duje diagn\u00f3zu syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pouze podle n\u00e1lezu v oku, m\u016f\u017ee ale jako prvn\u00ed vyslovit d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 podez\u0159en\u00ed,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje prim. MUDr. Radan Zugar, prim\u00e1\u0159 O\u010dn\u00edho centra Praha.<\/p>\n

Vid\u00edte dob\u0159e? Cukrovka p\u0159esto m\u016f\u017ee o\u010di u\u017e po\u0161kozovat
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Pr\u00e1v\u011b diabetes pat\u0159\u00ed mezi onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jejich\u017e n\u00e1sledky m\u016f\u017ee o\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159 pozorovat je\u0161t\u011b v dob\u011b, kdy pacient \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my se zrakem nepoci\u0165uje. Dlouhodob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cukru v krvi po\u0161kozuje jemn\u00e9 c\u00e9vy s\u00edtnice a m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k diabetick\u00e9 retinopatii. \u010clov\u011bk p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1le vid\u011bt zd\u00e1nliv\u011b bez probl\u00e9m\u016f. Na s\u00edtnici u\u017e ale mohou b\u00fdt patrn\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 v\u00fddut\u011b c\u00e9v, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, otok nebo dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u011bny typick\u00e9 pro diabetick\u00e9 posti\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1lez m\u016f\u017ee upozornit na nedostate\u010dn\u011b kompenzovanou cukrovku, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech ale tak\u00e9 vzbudit podez\u0159en\u00ed na diabetes u \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd o sv\u00e9m onemocn\u011bn\u00ed dosud nev\u011bd\u011bl. N\u00e1sledovat by pak m\u011blo vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed hladiny krevn\u00edho cukru a konzultace s praktick\u00fdm l\u00e9ka\u0159em \u010di diabetologem.<\/p>\n

\u201eDiabetick\u00e1 retinopatie m\u016f\u017ee dlouho prob\u00edhat bez n\u00e1padn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f. \u010clov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt zd\u00e1nliv\u011b dob\u0159e, zat\u00edmco na s\u00edtnici u\u017e vznikaj\u00ed zm\u011bny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto by pacienti s diabetem nem\u011bli \u010dekat, a\u017e se jim zrak zhor\u0161\u00ed, ale m\u011bli by chodit na pravideln\u00e9 kontroly podle doporu\u010den\u00ed sv\u00e9ho o\u010dn\u00edho l\u00e9ka\u0159e a diabetologa,<\/em>\u201c upozor\u0148uje prim. MUDr. Radan Zugar.<\/p>\n

O\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lez nav\u00edc nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd pouze kv\u016fli zraku. Zm\u011bny drobn\u00fdch c\u00e9v mohou b\u00fdt varovn\u00fdm sign\u00e1lem, \u017ee dlouhodob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 hladina cukru zat\u011b\u017euje c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m i v dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech organismu.<\/p>\n

Vysok\u00fd tlak nebol\u00ed. Stopy ale m\u016f\u017ee zanechat na s\u00edtnici
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Podobn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee dlouhou dobu prob\u00edhat vysok\u00fd krevn\u00ed tlak. \u010clov\u011bk o n\u011bm nemus\u00ed v\u011bd\u011bt, zat\u00edmco na drobn\u00fdch c\u00e9v\u00e1ch s\u00edtnice u\u017e mohou b\u00fdt patrn\u00e9 zm\u011bny. Oftalmolog m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zaznamenat nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00fa\u017een\u00ed c\u00e9v, zm\u011bny c\u00e9vn\u00edch k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, krv\u00e1cen\u00ed nebo otok. V z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt posti\u017een tak\u00e9 zrakov\u00fd nerv.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd n\u00e1lez samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nenahrazuje m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed krevn\u00edho tlaku ani intern\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed. M\u016f\u017ee ale b\u00fdt impulzem, aby si pacient nechal tlak zkontrolovat. U lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se s hypertenz\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed, mohou zm\u011bny na s\u00edtnici zase upozornit na jej\u00ed nedostate\u010dnou kompenzaci. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd otok zrakov\u00e9ho nervu, rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed do s\u00edtnice nebo n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed mohou b\u00fdt zn\u00e1mkou akutn\u00edho stavu, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje rychl\u00e9 celkov\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e probl\u00e9m s o\u010dima za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti v nervov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>Ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed znamen\u00e1 probl\u00e9m samotn\u00e9ho oka. Zrakov\u00fd nerv je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy, a pr\u00e1v\u011b pot\u00ed\u017ee se zrakem tak mohou b\u00fdt jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch projev\u016f n\u011bkter\u00fdch neurologick\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Pozornost si zaslou\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad n\u00e1hl\u00e9 \u010di rychle vznikl\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed zraku, bolest p\u0159i pohybu oka, zm\u011bna vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed barev, v\u00fdpadek zorn\u00e9ho pole nebo nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 dvojit\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1n\u011bt zrakov\u00e9ho nervu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech prvn\u00edm projevem roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 skler\u00f3zy nebo jin\u00e9ho z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. O\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lez m\u016f\u017ee upozornit tak\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd nitrolebn\u00ed tlak, c\u00e9vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edhodu nebo dal\u0161\u00ed neurologick\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee. Podle n\u00e1lezu pak oftalmolog doporu\u010d\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed neurologick\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, zobrazovac\u00ed metody \u010di laboratorn\u00ed testy.<\/p>\n

\u201eZrakov\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 automaticky p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtat \u00fanav\u011b, pr\u00e1ci na po\u010d\u00edta\u010di nebo pot\u0159eb\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch br\u00fdl\u00ed. N\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdpadek vid\u011bn\u00ed, nov\u011b vznikl\u00e9 dvojit\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, bolest oka spojen\u00e1 se zhor\u0161en\u00edm zraku \u010di n\u00e1hl\u00e1 zm\u011bna zorn\u00e9ho pole pat\u0159\u00ed mezi p\u0159\u00edznaky, se kter\u00fdmi by pacient nem\u011bl \u010dekat,<\/em>\u201c zd\u016fraz\u0148uje prim. MUDr. Radan Zugar.<\/p>\n

Opakovan\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty o\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>? P<\/strong>\u0159\u00ed\u010dina m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt jinde
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>O\u010di mohou upozornit tak\u00e9 na autoimunitn\u00ed a syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Opakovan\u00e9 nebo v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 z\u00e1n\u011bty oka, posti\u017een\u00ed c\u00e9v s\u00edtnice, z\u00e1n\u011bt zrakov\u00e9ho nervu \u010di z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 forma such\u00e9ho oka mohou v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech souviset nap\u0159\u00edklad se Sj\u00f6grenov\u00fdm syndromem, revmatick\u00fdmi chorobami, syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm lupusem, sarkoid\u00f3zou nebo n\u011bkter\u00fdmi z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi p\u00e1te\u0159e a st\u0159ev.<\/p>\n

Samotn\u00e9 p\u00e1len\u00ed nebo pocit such\u00fdch o\u010d\u00ed samoz\u0159ejm\u011b automaticky neznamenaj\u00ed autoimunitn\u00ed chorobu. Pozornost je ale na m\u00edst\u011b, pokud jsou obt\u00ed\u017ee v\u00fdrazn\u00e9, dlouhodob\u00e9 \u010di opakovan\u00e9 nebo je doprov\u00e1zej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad bolesti kloub\u016f, v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 \u00fanava \u010di ko\u017en\u00ed projevy.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi medic\u00ednsk\u00fdmi obory. O\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1lez m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat prvn\u00ed d\u00edlek skl\u00e1da\u010dky, kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledn\u011b vede k dal\u0161\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed u p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho specialisty.<\/p>\n

K o\u010dn\u00edmu necho\u010fte jen tehdy, kdy\u017e p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1te dob\u0159e vid\u011bt
\n<\/strong>
\n<\/strong>\u0158ada o\u010dn\u00edch i celkov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku rozv\u00edj\u00ed bez bolesti a bez v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho zhor\u0161en\u00ed zraku. \u010clov\u011bk proto nemus\u00ed poznat, \u017ee se n\u011bco d\u011bje. Preventivn\u00ed o\u010dn\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed m\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b proto v\u00fdznam i pro lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed subjektivn\u011b vid\u00ed dob\u0159e. L\u00e9ka\u0159 p\u0159i n\u011bm m\u016f\u017ee zkontrolovat zrakovou ostrost a dioptrie, zm\u011b\u0159it nitroo\u010dn\u00ed tlak a vy\u0161et\u0159it p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st oka i o\u010dn\u00ed pozad\u00ed. Podle n\u00e1lezu m\u016f\u017ee doporu\u010dit dal\u0161\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, nap\u0159\u00edklad OCT s\u00edtnice a zrakov\u00e9ho nervu nebo vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed zorn\u00e9ho pole.<\/p>\n

Jak \u010dasto by m\u011bl \u010dlov\u011bk na kontrolu chodit, z\u00e1vis\u00ed na jeho v\u011bku, rodinn\u00e9 anamn\u00e9ze a celkov\u00e9m zdravotn\u00edm stavu. Zv\u00fd\u0161enou pozornost by prevenci m\u011bli v\u011bnovat zejm\u00e9na lid\u00e9 s diabetem, vysok\u00fdm krevn\u00edm tlakem, c\u00e9vn\u00edmi \u010di autoimunitn\u00edmi chorobami a lid\u00e9, v jejich\u017e rodin\u011b se vyskytuj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u201eO\u010di skute\u010dn\u011b mohou prozradit v\u00edce, ne\u017e si b\u011b\u017en\u011b uv\u011bdomujeme. Preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddka dok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit nejen onemocn\u011bn\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed zrak, ale n\u011bkdy tak\u00e9 varovn\u00e9 zm\u011bny souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s celkov\u00fdm zdrav\u00edm. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve probl\u00e9m odhal\u00edme, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je \u0161ance ochr\u00e1nit pacientovi zrak a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jej v\u010das nasm\u011brovat k dal\u0161\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di,<\/em>\u201c uzav\u00edr\u00e1 prim. MUDr. Radan Zugar.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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P\u0159ijdete k o\u010dn\u00edmu l\u00e9ka\u0159i kv\u016fli kontrole zraku a odejdete s doporu\u010den\u00edm nav\u0161t\u00edvit diabetologa, internistu nebo…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116459,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[630,9146,11689,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116458"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116458"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116458\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116459"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}