{"id":116427,"date":"2026-09-22T00:15:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-21T22:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=116427"},"modified":"2026-09-21T10:56:27","modified_gmt":"2026-09-21T08:56:27","slug":"pod-vseobecnym-podezrenim-banky-stale-vice-monitoruji-a-kontroluji-sve-klienty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/22\/pod-vseobecnym-podezrenim-banky-stale-vice-monitoruji-a-kontroluji-sve-klienty\/","title":{"rendered":"Pod v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm podez\u0159en\u00edm: Banky st\u00e1le v\u00edce monitoruj\u00ed a kontroluj\u00ed sv\u00e9 klienty"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Z klienta ob\u011b\u0165 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed? I z\u00e1kony dodr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 mohou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011bry hotovosti nebo dar \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c politick\u00e9 stran\u011b dostat pod drobnohled jejich vlastn\u00ed banky. V nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohli o \u00fa\u010det p\u0159ij\u00edt. Toto sledov\u00e1n\u00ed je zalo\u017eeno na \u201edoporu\u010den\u00edch\u201c pro boj proti pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu, kter\u00e1 jsou vynucov\u00e1na na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edmi EU.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Hamburk\/Berl\u00edn <\/span>(multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed) Ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b <\/span><\/a>kritizuje<\/span><\/a> ekonomick\u00fd novin\u00e1\u0159 Norbert H\u00e4ring\u00a0 \u00a0rostouc\u00ed dohled ze strany bank. I dlouholet\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edci jsou nyn\u00ed povinni poskytovat podrobn\u00e9 informace o sv\u00e9m majetku, zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edjmech na z\u00e1klad\u011b komplexn\u00edch dotazn\u00edk\u016f. Kontrolov\u00e1n je tak\u00e9 typ a rozsah pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u00fa\u010dtu. Banky st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji po\u017eaduj\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00e9 dokumenty, n\u011bkdy i pro majetek nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fd za celou pracovn\u00ed dobu. P\u0159evody st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vy\u017eaduj\u00ed vysv\u011btlen\u00ed a zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed a jsou odm\u00edt\u00e1ny, pokud jsou ur\u010deny pro \u201enespr\u00e1vnou stranu\u201c nebo \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 vydavatele\u201c. Nadm\u011brn\u00e9 nebo velk\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011bry hotovosti mohou tak\u00e9 v\u00e9st k pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edm.\u00a0 <\/span>Online m\u00e9dia<\/span><\/a> , kter\u00e1 se spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na \u010detn\u00e9 mal\u00e9 dary, jsou podez\u0159el\u00e1 z pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a v d\u016fsledku toho jim hroz\u00ed\u00a0 <\/span>uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu<\/span><\/a> \u201ekdykoli\u201c \u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e4ring ve sv\u00e9 anal\u00fdze vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd dohled pramen\u00ed z Finan\u010dn\u00edho ak\u010dn\u00edho v\u00fdboru (FATF), kter\u00fd\u00a0 <\/span>v roce 1989 z\u0159\u00eddila skupina G7.<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Tento org\u00e1n, slo\u017een\u00fd z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f a bankovn\u00edch regul\u00e1tor\u016f, rad\u00ed, \u201eco by banky m\u011bly ide\u00e1ln\u011b d\u011blat\u201c pro ochranu finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Skupiny na ochranu \u00fadaj\u016f a spot\u0159ebitel\u016f nejsou ve FATF zastoupeny. FATF p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny zem\u011b budou v praxi implementovat jeho form\u00e1ln\u011b nez\u00e1vazn\u00e1 \u201edoporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c. H\u00e4ring d\u00e1le vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee prob\u00edhaj\u00ed pravideln\u00e9 audity a hodnocen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed, aby se zajistilo dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 \u201edoporu\u010den\u00ed\u201c neimplementuj\u00ed, riskuj\u00ed, \u017ee jejich banky budou klasifikov\u00e1ny jako rizikov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. \u010cel\u00ed rizikov\u00fdm pr\u00e9mi\u00edm nebo ztr\u00e1t\u011b obchodn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u201esiln\u00e9 prost\u0159edky k vyv\u00edjen\u00ed tlaku\u201c. Zpr\u00e1va\u00a0 <\/span>britsk\u00e9<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Sn\u011bmovny lord\u016f a\u00a0 <\/span>zpr\u00e1va<\/span><\/a> \u00a0Nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edho institutu ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve kritizovaly nedostatek demokratick\u00e9 odpov\u011bdnosti FATF.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed bankovn\u00edch klient\u016f je implementov\u00e1no prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU, vysv\u011btluje H\u00e4ring. Jedno z doporu\u010den\u00ed FATF vy\u017eaduje, aby banky byly ze z\u00e1kona povinny prov\u00e1d\u011bt due diligence klienta.\u00a0 <\/span>Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Evropsk\u00e9 unie (EU) z roku 2024 o boji proti pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz<\/span><\/a> \u00a0p\u0159edstavuje \u201epln\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to povinnosti, maskovan\u00e9 jako doporu\u010den\u00ed, byrokratickou organizac\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch expert\u016f, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 k demokracii daleko\u201c. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU stanov\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm \u201eopat\u0159en\u00ed due diligence\u201c, \u017ee banky mus\u00ed m\u00edt p\u0159i otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dt\u016f nebo zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159evod\u016f p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edch 10 000 EUR dostate\u010dn\u011b spolehliv\u00e9 znalosti o \u00fa\u010delu p\u0159evodu a obchodn\u00ed \u010dinnosti nebo povol\u00e1n\u00ed klienta. Prahov\u00e1 hodnota EU dokonce p\u0159ekra\u010duje doporu\u010den\u00ed FATF, kter\u00e1 stanov\u00ed hodnotu 15 000 USD nebo 15 000 EUR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle p\u0159edpis\u016f EU mus\u00ed banky tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvat algoritmy ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed platebn\u00edch transakc\u00ed sv\u00fdch klient\u016f. Transakce jsou porovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edm profilem z\u00e1kazn\u00edka. Pokud se platba odchyluje od o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, m\u016f\u017ee to v\u00e9st k vysoce citliv\u00e9mu dotazov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo uzav\u0159en\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu. Slo\u017eit\u00e9 nebo neobvykle velk\u00e9 transakce, stejn\u011b jako neobvykl\u00e9 vzorce nebo pochybnosti o legitimit\u011b transakce, jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za indik\u00e1tory zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9ho rizika pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz nebo financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu. Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed due diligence pak vedou k intenzivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed klient\u016f banky.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00fd Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro finan\u010dn\u00ed dohled (BaFin) d\u00e1le\u00a0 v lednu <\/span>ozn\u00e1mil<\/span><\/a> , \u017ee bude v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost tomu, aby banky p\u0159edch\u00e1zely riziku financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu. Podle H\u00e4ringa to pro bankovn\u00ed klienty znamen\u00e1 \u201edal\u0161\u00ed eskalaci sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c. I ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky jsou prohl\u00e1\u0161eny za hrozbu, pokud jich je mnoho. V d\u016fsledku toho se do \u201es\u00edt\u011b\u201c sledov\u00e1n\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u201ekritick\u00e1, ale ne\u0161kodn\u00e1 m\u00e9dia\u201c, stejn\u011b jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed jejich d\u00e1rci nebo p\u0159edplatitel\u00e9. H\u00e4ring tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee to je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d\u00a0 byly v posledn\u00edch letech <\/span>opozi\u010dn\u00edm vydavatel\u016fm<\/span><\/a> \u00a0a\u00a0 <\/span>m\u00e9di\u00edm<\/span><\/a> \u00a0hromadn\u011b ru\u0161eny \u00fa\u010dty. Kdy\u017e BaFin kontaktoval Multipolar, v\u00fdslovn\u011b se k H\u00e4ringov\u00fdm obvin\u011bn\u00edm odm\u00edtl vyj\u00e1d\u0159it.<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u00e4ring zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee jedin\u00fd \u201ep\u0159evod, u kter\u00e9ho algoritmus automaticky neur\u010dil jeho legitimitu\u201c, sta\u010d\u00ed k tomu, aby banka byla donucena zve\u0159ejnit sv\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed informace bance a n\u00e1sledn\u011b i st\u00e1tu. Pokud klient banky odm\u00edtne tyto informace poskytnout nebo pokud je proveden\u00ed \u201eopat\u0159en\u00ed due diligence\u201c jinak nemo\u017en\u00e9, je banka podle p\u0159edpis\u016f EU povinna transakce odm\u00edtnout a \u00fa\u010det uzav\u0159\u00edt. D\u016fvod uzav\u0159en\u00ed je nutn\u00e9 sd\u011blit pouze org\u00e1nu bankovn\u00edho dohledu; klient o n\u011bm nesm\u00ed b\u00fdt informov\u00e1n. Bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed org\u00e1ny by tak mohly nep\u0159\u00edmo prov\u00e1d\u011bt \u201efinan\u010dn\u00ed dohled\u201c prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bank. H\u00e4ring popisuje tato rostouc\u00ed omezen\u00ed jako \u201eformu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9ho nebo m\u011bkk\u00e9ho vyvlastn\u011bn\u00ed\u201c. Kontrola nad majetkem se st\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201epodl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00ed autorizaci\u201c. Jsou poru\u0161ov\u00e1na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, jako je pr\u00e1vo na majetek a pr\u00e1vo na informa\u010dn\u00ed sebeur\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Andrej Hunko z BSW \u0159ekl agentu\u0159e Multipolar, \u017ee G7 je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdm \u201enedostatkem legitimity a transparentnosti\u201c. P\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed standard\u016f FATF neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd demokratick\u00fd dohled. Obavy t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se transparentnosti a ochrany \u00fadaj\u016f nejsou zohledn\u011bny. Rostouc\u00ed po\u010det ru\u0161en\u00ed bankovn\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f \u201epoliticky ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00edch osob nebo alternativn\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed\u201c v posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika letech \u2013 bez vysv\u011btlen\u00ed \u2013 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed snahy omezit rozsah p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed. To poru\u0161uje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na svobodu projevu, jak je zakotveno v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m \u00dastavu a Evropsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b o lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u011b zakotven\u00e9 \u201epr\u00e1vo na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det\u201c s \u201eexplicitn\u00edmi antidiskrimina\u010dn\u00edmi dolo\u017ekami\u201c by mohlo situaci napravit. To by umo\u017enilo prohl\u00e1sit i politicky motivovan\u00e9 ukon\u010den\u00ed platnosti \u00fa\u010dtu za neplatn\u00e9. Hunko se rovn\u011b\u017e zasazuje o po\u017eadavek uv\u00e9st d\u016fvody pro ukon\u010den\u00ed \u00fa\u010dtu a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i o mo\u017enost odvol\u00e1n\u00ed. Opozi\u010dn\u00ed strany AfD, FDP a Levicov\u00e1 strana na odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed dotaz od spole\u010dnosti Multipolar nereagovaly.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nek je p\u0159evzat z <\/span>\u010dasopisu Multipolar<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Z klienta ob\u011b\u0165 sledov\u00e1n\u00ed? I z\u00e1kony dodr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9 mohou zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011bry hotovosti nebo dar \u201enespr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116428,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[503,9942,2320],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116427"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116427"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116427\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116427"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116427"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116427"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}