{"id":116182,"date":"2026-09-19T00:13:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T22:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=116182"},"modified":"2026-09-18T11:03:38","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T09:03:38","slug":"japonsky-nejvyssi-soud-potvrdil-cizinci-nemaji-narok-na-socialni-davky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/19\/japonsky-nejvyssi-soud-potvrdil-cizinci-nemaji-narok-na-socialni-davky\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsk\u00fd nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud potvrdil: Cizinci nemaj\u00ed n\u00e1rok na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Japonsko rozli\u0161uje mezi sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi ob\u010dany a cizinci, pokud jde o st\u00e1tn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud 9. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed zam\u00edtl <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sumikai.com\/nachrichten-aus-japan\/japans-oberstes-gericht-bestaetigt-ausschluss-von-auslaendern-bei-sozialhilfe-380488\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">odvol\u00e1n\u00ed ghansk\u00e9ho mu\u017ee<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\"> , kter\u00e9mu byla soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc odep\u0159ena navzdory v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nemoci. Diskuse o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoci pro cizince je v zem\u00edch, jako je N\u011bmecko, dlouho o\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e1.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">J\u00e1drem p\u0159\u00edpadu je 36let\u00fd Gha\u0148an, kter\u00fd \u017eije v Japonsku od roku 2015 a \u00fadajn\u011b trp\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdm chronick\u00fdm selh\u00e1n\u00edm ledvin vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00edm dial\u00fdzu od roku 2019. Jeho status pobytu byl n\u00e1sledn\u011b zm\u011bn\u011bn na \u201eSpecifikovan\u00e9 \u010dinnosti\u201c, co\u017e mu umo\u017enilo p\u0159\u00edstup k l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010di. Tento status mu v\u0161ak neumo\u017e\u0148oval pracovat. V roce 2021 po\u017e\u00e1dal v \u010cib\u011b o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc, ale jeho \u017e\u00e1dost byla zam\u00edtnuta a on podal \u017ealobu. Okresn\u00ed soud v \u010cib\u011b (leden 2024) a Vrchn\u00ed soud v Tokiu (srpen 2024) jeho p\u0159\u00edpad zam\u00edtly; Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud (druh\u00fd mal\u00fd sen\u00e1t) nyn\u00ed jeho odvol\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u00edtl pom\u011brem hlas\u016f 3:1 a potvrdil rozhodnut\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho soudu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Japonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon o soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoci spojuje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1rok na podporu s japonsk\u00fdm ob\u010danstv\u00edm a je zalo\u017een na \u010dl\u00e1nku 25 \u00dastavy (pr\u00e1vo na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed standard zdrav\u00e9ho a kulturn\u00edho \u017eivota). <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ji\u017e v roce 2014 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud objasnil, \u017ee ciz\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci nemaj\u00ed podle tohoto z\u00e1kona \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd vymahateln\u00fd n\u00e1rok na d\u00e1vky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-gleichbehandlung-nur-unter-gewissen-bedingungen\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Rovn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed pouze za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee cizinci v Japonsku nemaj\u00ed n\u00e1rok na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc. Ve fisk\u00e1ln\u00edm roce 2024 dost\u00e1valo soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 47 300 dom\u00e1cnost\u00ed se zahrani\u010dn\u00ed hlavou dom\u00e1cnosti ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1kladem je spr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpis Ministerstva zdravotnictv\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed z roku 1954. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b bylo stanoveno, \u017ee pot\u0159ebn\u00ed cizinci mohou za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek dost\u00e1vat podporu podle stejn\u00fdch standard\u016f jako japon\u0161t\u00ed ob\u010dan\u00e9. Dnes se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm osob s trval\u00fdm nebo dlouhodob\u00fdm pobytem, \u200b\u200bjejich man\u017eel\u016f\/man\u017eelek, osob s dlouhodob\u00fdm pobytem z d\u016fvodu zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch pom\u011br\u016f (jako je mnoho Korejc\u016f \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch v Japonsku) a osob s uznan\u00fdm uprchl\u00edkem. Osoby s \u010dist\u011b l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdm pobytem \u2013 jako je \u017ealobce \u2013 nejsou zahrnuty.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Krom\u011b toho existuj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed z\u00e1vazky pro takzvan\u00e9 uprchl\u00edky: Japonsko se v roce 1981 p\u0159ipojilo k \u017denevsk\u00e9 \u00famluv\u011b o uprchl\u00edc\u00edch, kter\u00e1 zavazuje smluvn\u00ed st\u00e1ty zach\u00e1zet s uznan\u00fdmi uprchl\u00edky stejn\u011b jako se sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi ob\u010dany, pokud jde o ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 blaho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed tuto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed situaci nem\u011bn\u00ed. Soud pouze uvedl, \u017ee uveden\u00e9 d\u016fvody nejsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ezkum, a zdr\u017eel se sv\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o \u00fastavnosti z\u00e1kona. <\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">T\u00edm potvrdil rozsudky Okresn\u00edho soudu v \u010cib\u011b a Vrchn\u00edho soudu v Tokiu, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve shledaly st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edm.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">T\u0159i ze \u010dty\u0159 soudc\u016f hlasovali pro zam\u00edtnut\u00ed odvol\u00e1n\u00ed. Pouze p\u0159edsedaj\u00edc\u00ed soudce Mamoru Miura zast\u00e1val jin\u00fd n\u00e1zor: Podle jeho n\u00e1zoru by bylo proti\u00fastavn\u00ed vylu\u010dovat z pob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoci lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou v Japonsku za \u00fa\u010delem l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de a proto nemohou pracovat. Bez podpory by si nebyli schopni zajistit nezbytn\u00e9 prost\u0159edky k ob\u017eiv\u011b, a tak by se dostali do zoufal\u00e9 situace. Miura pova\u017eoval za nutn\u00e9 zru\u0161it rozhodnut\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho soudu a vr\u00e1tit p\u0159\u00edpad k dal\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho postoj v\u0161ak z\u016fstal men\u0161inov\u00fdm. Z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 nejasn\u00e9, pro\u010d se dot\u010den\u00ed domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee je nutn\u00e9 z\u016fstat v Japonsku \u2013 a o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee je tamn\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci budou podporovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zat\u00edmco N\u011bmecko nad\u00e1le pumpuje do sv\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu dal\u0161\u00ed miliardy, vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, jak dlouho m\u016f\u017ee z\u016fstat udr\u017eiteln\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd poskytuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u00e1vky milion\u016fm lid\u00ed bez n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho ob\u010danstv\u00ed. I odm\u00edtnut\u00ed \u017eadatel\u00e9 o azyl mohou o\u010dek\u00e1vat \u0161t\u011bdrou podporu od da\u0148ov\u00fdch poplatn\u00edk\u016f. Zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch financ\u00ed je zna\u010dn\u00e9 a ob\u010dan\u00e9 maj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na otev\u0159enou diskusi o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch pro pob\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed podpory. Japonsko ukazuje, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00fd i jin\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup. O takov\u00e9m modelu by se m\u011blo diskutovat i v N\u011bmecku. Chyb\u00ed v\u0161ak politick\u00e1 v\u016fle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Japonsko rozli\u0161uje mezi sv\u00fdmi vlastn\u00edmi ob\u010dany a cizinci, pokud jde o st\u00e1tn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pomoc. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":116183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1297,105,1166,324],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116182"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/116183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}