{"id":115930,"date":"2026-09-16T00:16:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T22:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=115930"},"modified":"2026-09-15T12:44:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T10:44:20","slug":"milan-jelen-pohranicnici-trosku-jinak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/16\/milan-jelen-pohranicnici-trosku-jinak\/","title":{"rendered":"Milan Jelen: Pohrani\u010dn\u00edci tro\u0161ku jinak"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Na hranic\u00edch \u2026kon\u010dily ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u201eprovinil\u00e9\u201c \u010darod\u011bjnice. Mnoz\u00ed nezn\u00e1lkov\u00e9 dnes tou\u017e\u00ed po tom, aby na novodob\u00fdch vatr\u00e1ch byli up\u00e1leni socialisti\u010dt\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed brut\u00e1ln\u011b pozab\u00edjeli pokojn\u00e9 ob\u010dany. Tito jedinci cht\u011bli ileg\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ekro\u010dit \u010deskoslovenskou hranici obvykle se Z\u00e1padn\u00edm N\u011bmeckem nebo s\u00a0Rakouskem. Tehdej\u0161\u00ed str\u00e1\u017eci hranic jsou v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti samozvan\u00fdmi odborn\u00edky naz\u00fdv\u00e1ni vrahouny, zlo\u010dinci, p\u0159\u00edznivci komunismu apod.<\/p>\n

Kdo byl tehdy na vojn\u011b \u2013 u pohrani\u010dn\u00ed nebo str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed jednotky- ur\u010dit\u011b v\u00ed, \u017ee existovaly p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 \u0159\u00e1dy, podle kter\u00fdch byla slu\u017eba \u0159\u00edzena a prov\u00e1d\u011bna. Pro lep\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed si p\u0159edstavte t\u0159eba mlhav\u00fd a trochu de\u0161tiv\u00fd listopadov\u00fd podve\u010der. Devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fd voj\u00edn bez velk\u00fdch zku\u0161enost\u00ed jde t\u0159eba podvac\u00e1t\u00e9 nau\u010denou p\u011b\u0161inkou p\u00e1r des\u00edtek metr\u016f od st\u00e1tn\u00edch hranic. Tu zpozoruje \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se sm\u011brem k\u00a0voj\u00e1kovi p\u0159\u00edskoky p\u0159ibli\u017euje. Nezb\u00fdv\u00e1, ne\u017e se pokusit nepovolanou osobu zadr\u017eet. Mus\u00edme si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee za nespln\u011bn\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu hrozilo pohrani\u010dn\u00edkovi i n\u011bkolik let v\u011bzen\u00ed, kter\u00fdmi si doty\u010dn\u00fd mohl zpest\u0159it vojenskou slu\u017ebu.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1sleduje tedy: \u201eSt\u016fj, kdo tam?\u201c Naru\u0161itel pon\u011bkud zrychluje sv\u016fj pohyb: \u201eSt\u016fj nebo st\u0159el\u00edm!\u201c Bez reakce, v\u0161e ji\u017e v\u00a0b\u011bhu. V\u00fdst\u0159el do vzduchu. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdst\u0159el u\u017e nen\u00ed do vzduchu a m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed na lidsk\u00fd c\u00edl. Te\u010f mal\u00e1 odbo\u010dka. Za zl\u00e9 bych tehdej\u0161\u00edm pohrani\u010dn\u00edk\u016fm m\u011bl, pokud by jejich hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem bylo zabit\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka. Druh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je pro m\u011b st\u0159elba po lidech, kte\u0159\u00ed u\u017e dos\u00e1hli \u00fazem\u00ed sousedn\u00edho ciz\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Zase ale v\u0161e bylo ovlivn\u011bno st\u0159eleck\u00fdmi dovednostmi voj\u00e1ka, po\u010das\u00edm, nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm chov\u00e1n\u00edm a pohybem pron\u00e1sledovan\u00e9ho, znalostmi obvykle \u010dlenit\u00e9ho ter\u00e9nu a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, zda prchaj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017eije zbra\u0148. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017e doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0situaci bu\u010f \u2013 anebo\u2026.<\/p>\n

D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 bylo tak\u00e9 odhadnout, co je to v\u016fbec za jedince, kter\u00fd chce p\u0159ej\u00edt hranici. Je s\u00e1m? Je to jinak bez\u00fahonn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk? Je to krimin\u00e1ln\u00edk, kter\u00fd prch\u00e1 p\u0159ed z\u00e1konem? Um\u00ed st\u0159\u00edlet? Jak je jinak ozbrojen? Je samoz\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee na n\u011bjak\u00e9 del\u0161\u00ed dialogy nebyl prostor ani \u010das. \u017de by si ti dva popov\u00eddali: \u201eTak j\u00e1 t\u011b teda asi pust\u00edm!\u201c Nebo: \u201eTak\u2026 te\u010f se mnou p\u016fjde\u0161 na str\u00e1\u017enici a tam n\u00e1m to vysv\u011btl\u00ed\u0161!\u201c Nemluv\u00edm v\u016fbec o tom, \u017ee to klidn\u011b mohl b\u00fdt vojensk\u00fd komunistick\u00fd provokat\u00e9r, kter\u00fd zkou\u0161el ostra\u017eitost pohrani\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1\u017ee. Za zm\u00ednku stoj\u00ed v\u00a0neposledn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b i pes vl\u010d\u00e1k, kter\u00fd byl ob\u010das k\u00a0dispozici. Na exponovan\u00fdch m\u00edstech mohly b\u00fdt t\u00e9\u017e dvoj\u010dlenn\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017ee. V\u00a0tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by asi tak\u00e9 bylo riskantn\u00ed a o\u0161idn\u00e9 nechat naru\u0161itele proj\u00edt. Je m\u016fj kolega dostate\u010dn\u011b spolehliv\u00fd a ml\u010denliv\u00fd? Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hodou velitelov\u00fdm pr\u00e1ska\u010dem? Nemohl by m\u011b t\u0159eba v\u00a0budoucnosti vyd\u00edrat?<\/p>\n

Ani kdyby se n\u011bkomu poda\u0159ilo vyzr\u00e1t na str\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, nem\u00e1 vyhr\u00e1no. Existovaly pozorovatelny s\u00a0infradalekohledy, minov\u00e1 pole, zoran\u00e9 pruhy p\u016fdy, velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 elektrick\u00e9 ohradn\u00edky, d\u00e1le tenk\u00e9 dr\u00e1tky napojen\u00e9 na sv\u011btlice, sign\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u011bny apod. Tak\u017ee o ka\u017ed\u00e9m naru\u0161en\u00ed hranic se ihned v\u011bd\u011blo a bylo z\u0159ejm\u00e9, kdo ud\u011blal chybu a sv\u011b\u0159en\u00fd \u00fasek hranic nedok\u00e1zal uhl\u00eddat. S\u00a0t\u00edm souvisely p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 sankce a\u017e \u201ebasa\u201c.<\/p>\n

Zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pikantn\u00ed, neodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 a smutn\u00e9 byly p\u0159echody \u201e\u010d\u00e1ry\u201c s\u00a0d\u011btmi.<\/p>\n

Uv\u00e1d\u00ed se, \u017ee na hranic\u00edch zahynulo 282 naru\u0161itel\u016f a 648 pohrani\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Z\u00a0t\u011bch, co m\u011bli v \u00famyslu \u201ezelen\u00e9 hranice\u201c ileg\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159ej\u00edt, 145 bylo zast\u0159eleno, 96 zabito elektrick\u00fdm proudem, 16 lid\u00ed \u0159e\u0161ilo nezdar sebevra\u017edou. 11 lid\u00ed se utopilo, 5 bylo ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch pilot\u016f a 5 \u0159idi\u010d\u016f, 2kr\u00e1t \u00fa\u0159adovaly miny, 1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed organismu z\u00a0vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed, 1 smrt, kter\u00e1 byla zp\u016fsobena psem. Z\u00e1hadou je dal\u0161\u00edch asi 50 usmrcen\u00fdch lid\u00ed ve vodn\u00edch toc\u00edch, kdy nebylo zji\u0161t\u011bno nebo uvedeno, jak zem\u0159eli.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0648 voj\u00e1k\u016f bylo 243 smrteln\u00fdch \u00faraz\u016f a dopravn\u00edch nehod. Podle m\u011b je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 185 sebevra\u017ed. Pouze 50 jich bylo zast\u0159eleno nebo st\u0159elba byla hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou smrti. 47 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se uv\u00e1d\u00ed jako zabit\u00ed elekt\u0159inou, minami, gran\u00e1ty nebo jin\u00fdmi trhavinami. Zb\u00fdv\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b 123 zat\u00edm neobjasn\u011bn\u00fdch \u00famrt\u00ed. Mohli to b\u00fdt nezv\u011bstn\u00ed nebo zjevn\u011b uprchl\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci hranic, kte\u0159\u00ed byli rad\u011bji odeps\u00e1ni jako ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n

Asi se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nev\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25% usmrcen\u00fdch osob (tedy n\u011bco kolem 70) byli cizinci. Nejv\u00edce Pol\u00e1k\u016f (40%), z\u00a0NDR (17%), z\u00a0NSR (10%, Raku\u0161an\u016f (10%), Ma\u010far\u016f (10%), N\u011bmc\u016f p\u0159ed rozd\u011blen\u00edm N\u011bmecka (7%), zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 5% tvo\u0159ili Jugosl\u00e1vci. Objevili se tu i ojedin\u011ble ob\u010dan\u00e9 nap\u0159. Francie, Maroka, SSSR aj.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0t\u00e9to souvislosti stoj\u00ed za to p\u0159ipomenout, \u017ee v\u00a0obdob\u00ed 1948 \u2013 1987 ode\u0161lo z\u00a0na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b bez povolen\u00ed 170\u00a0938 osob \u2013 nejedn\u00e1 se o \u00fat\u011bky p\u0159es zelenou hranici. Na \u201e\u010d\u00e1\u0159e\u201c bylo zadr\u017eeno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70\u00a0000 lid\u00ed. Na \u201e kapitalistick\u00e9\u201c \u010d\u00e1sti s\u00a0Rakouskem a NSR bylo zachyceno 41\u00a0149 jedinc\u016f a na zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch \u201esocialistick\u00fdch\u201c hranic\u00edch\u2026. neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 28\u00a0864 uprchl\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00a0toho v\u0161eho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch ob\u011bt\u00ed mohlo b\u00fdt n\u011bco nad 200. Prost\u011b p\u0159echod p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b st\u0159e\u017een\u00e9 \u201edr\u00e1ty\u201c byl obrovsk\u00fdm rizikem (hlavn\u011b pro d\u011bti a \u017eeny). Matematicky vzato bylo usmrceno 6 \u2013 7 promile lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed si toto dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed dovolili a asi 1 promile t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bli na\u0161i zemi opustit ileg\u00e1ln\u011b jak\u00fdmkoliv zp\u016fsobem. Ka\u017ed\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho \u017eivota je \u0161koda, ale dodnes nebylo publikov\u00e1no, kolik z\u00a0ob\u011bt\u00ed byli agenti \u010di recidivisti.<\/p>\n

Ur\u010dit\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm je, \u017ee 30% zadr\u017een\u00fdch sm\u011b\u0159ovalo do \u010ceskoslovenska. D\u00e1 se to vysv\u011btlit bu\u010f ztr\u00e1tou orientace, nebo t\u00edm, \u017ee cht\u011bli v\u00a0\u00fat\u011bku pokra\u010dovat p\u0159es jin\u00fd \u00fasek na\u0161\u00ed hranice.<\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vysv\u011btlen\u00ed. Kdo m\u011b zn\u00e1, v\u00ed, \u017ee nejsem p\u0159\u00edznivcem komunist\u016f t\u00e9 doby. Mrz\u00ed m\u011b v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 odsouzen\u00ed mlad\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f, slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch \u201ena \u010d\u00e1\u0159e\u201c.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0letech 1980 \u2013 1981 jsem bez v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho nad\u0161en\u00ed byl na vojn\u011b u \u201estr\u00e1\u017e\u00e1k\u016f\u201c, tak\u017ee se v\u00a0t\u00e9to problematice c\u00edt\u00edm vcelku fundovan\u011b. Na vojn\u011b jsem nikoho nezast\u0159elil, p\u0159i m\u00e9m pobytu na vojn\u011b se ani po nikom nest\u0159\u00edlelo. J\u00e1 s\u00e1m se po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1m sp\u00ed\u0161e mezi pacifisty. Hlavn\u011b m\u011b tak\u00e9 zaujala matematick\u00e1 str\u00e1nka \u201evra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed\u201c na st\u00e1tn\u00edch hranic\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Milan Jelen<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na hranic\u00edch \u2026kon\u010dily ve st\u0159edov\u011bku \u201eprovinil\u00e9\u201c \u010darod\u011bjnice. Mnoz\u00ed nezn\u00e1lkov\u00e9 dnes tou\u017e\u00ed po tom, aby na…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":115931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[398,804,637,6506],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115930"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115930"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115930\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115930"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115930"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115930"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}