{"id":115914,"date":"2026-09-16T00:18:43","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T22:18:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=115914"},"modified":"2026-09-15T12:51:40","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T10:51:40","slug":"island-jako-vzor-referendum-o-vstupu-do-eu-obcane-rekli-ne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/16\/island-jako-vzor-referendum-o-vstupu-do-eu-obcane-rekli-ne\/","title":{"rendered":"Island jako vzor: Referendum o vstupu do EU \u2013 ob\u010dan\u00e9 \u0159ekli ne"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

St\u00e1le existuj\u00ed n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9 modely demokracie: Island je jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f. Zde se lidem umo\u017enilo rozhodnout, zda cht\u011bj\u00ed obnovit p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s EU. V\u011bt\u0161ina ob\u010dan\u016f to odm\u00edtla. Eurokratick\u00fd posun doleva a regula\u010dn\u00ed m\u00e1nie se tak Islan\u010fan\u016fm nad\u00e1le vyh\u00fdbaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V roce 1995 opustily Rakousko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a Finsko EFTA a p\u0159ipojily se k EU. \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, Lichten\u0161tejnsko, Norsko a Island v\u0161ak v EFTA z\u016fstaly. EFTA je hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010denstv\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f bez spole\u010dn\u00fdch politik nebo zat\u011b\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Stejn\u011b jako EU uzav\u00edr\u00e1 i EFTA obchodn\u00ed dohody se t\u0159et\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Na rozd\u00edl od EU mohou st\u00e1ty EFTA uzav\u00edrat dvoustrann\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed dohody i s jin\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. St\u00e1ty EU to nemohou, proto\u017ee obchodn\u00ed dohody spadaj\u00ed do v\u00fdlu\u010dn\u00e9 pravomoci EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od na\u0161eho vstupu v roce 1995 EU masivn\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila sv\u00e9 pravomoci a rozpo\u010det. Evropsk\u00e1 komise a Evropsk\u00fd soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr (ESD) maj\u00ed nyn\u00ed mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravomoci ne\u017e v roce 1995 a sebeur\u010den\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f bylo v\u00fdrazn\u011b omezeno. EU se stala politickou uni\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by se v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b cht\u011bla okam\u017eit\u011b st\u00e1t feder\u00e1ln\u00edm st\u00e1tem, kdyby to \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jen dovolily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 1995 se EU politicky v\u00fdrazn\u011b posunula doleva. Hustota regulac\u00ed dramaticky vzrostla a pr\u00e1vo EU vedlo k podstatn\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edho st\u00e1tu. Toto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1rok\u016f na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky se vztahuje nejen na ob\u010dany EU, ale i na ob\u010dany EU a st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky t\u0159et\u00edch zem\u00ed, a to i na \u017eadatele o azyl, kte\u0159\u00ed v dan\u00fdch zem\u00edch nikdy neplatili dan\u011b ani p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed. Kdy\u017e zem\u011b vstoup\u00ed do EU, pod\u0159izuje se pr\u00e1vu EU. Naopak, pr\u00e1vo EU pozb\u00fdv\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnosti po vystoupen\u00ed zem\u011b z EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina Islan\u010fan\u016f \u0159ekla EU ne<\/span><\/h3>\n

V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Islandu nebo \u0160v\u00fdcarska by \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU bylo spojeno s politick\u00fdm posunem doleva, a proto ho podporuj\u00ed pouze levicov\u00e9 strany. Island vyjedn\u00e1val o \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU v letech 2010 a\u017e 2013. Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed byla v roce 2013 pozastavena po zm\u011bn\u011b vl\u00e1dy; v roce 2015 vl\u00e1da prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee Island by ji\u017e nem\u011bl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kandid\u00e1ta na p\u0159istoupen\u00ed. Od sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1stupu do \u00fa\u0159adu v roce 2015 Donald Trump opakovan\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee USA mus\u00ed Gr\u00f3nsko kontrolovat nebo z\u00edskat, a nevylou\u010dil ani pou\u017eit\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Islandsk\u00e1 levicov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da to vid\u011bla jako p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost, jak kone\u010dn\u011b prosadit vstup do EU, a navrhla dv\u011b v\u011bci: 1. Trump by nakonec ohrozil i Island. 2. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b americk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku by \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU mohly a mohly by Island vojensky br\u00e1nit. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kandid\u00e1t na \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU Turecko okupuje severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st \u010dlensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu EU Kypr a \u017ee \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU s t\u00edm nic ned\u011blaj\u00ed, byla pohodln\u011b opomenuta. Vl\u00e1da d\u00e1le tvrdila, \u017ee \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed inflaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Argumenty Islan\u010fany nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dily.\u00a0<\/span>V referendu hlasovalo 52,8 procenta proti obnoven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s EU, zat\u00edmco 47,2 procenta hlasovalo pro.<\/span><\/strong> Volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast byla 82,5 procenta. \u00dadajn\u00e1 hrozba a \u00fadajn\u00e1 ochrana nab\u00edzen\u00e1 EU byly pochopiteln\u00e9 jen s velkou d\u00e1vkou fantazie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politika EU nav\u00edc nen\u00ed zrovna zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm inflace. Naopak, nespo\u010det na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed EU z posledn\u00edch let zv\u00fd\u0161ilo ceny mnoha produkt\u016f a slu\u017eeb, vytla\u010dilo z trhu mnoho mal\u00fdch podnik\u016f a t\u00edm pos\u00edlilo dominanci velk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed. To je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b d\u016fvod, pro\u010d Islan\u010fan\u00e9 dosp\u011bli k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee se jim nevyplat\u00ed vyjedn\u00e1vat o \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fd z hlediska demokratick\u00e9 politiky<\/span><\/h3>\n

I kdy\u017e je up\u0159\u00edmnost politick\u00fdch argument\u016f islandsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy otev\u0159en\u00e1 kritice, jej\u00ed demokratick\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9:\u00a0<\/span>rozhodla se uspo\u0159\u00e1dat referendum o zah\u00e1jen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed referendum o v\u00fdsledku t\u011bchto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, pokud by k nim do\u0161lo.<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0Naproti tomu rakousk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy se v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch referend b\u00e1ly jako \u010f\u00e1bel sv\u011bcen\u00e9 vody. Od referenda o vstupu do EU v roce 1994 se nekonalo ani jedno referendum.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro referenda by existoval dostatek d\u016fvod\u016f. EU, kterou m\u00e1me dnes, je objektivn\u011b vzato zcela odli\u0161n\u00e1 od t\u00e9, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1m byla sl\u00edbena p\u0159ed referendem v roce 1994. Z pohledu mnoha ob\u010dan\u016f je mnohem hor\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta, kter\u00e1 byla sl\u00edbena v roce 1994. Proto ji\u017e v \u010dervnu 2015 podepsalo p\u0159es 261 000 ob\u010dan\u016f petici za vystoupen\u00ed z EU, kterou inicioval nestranick\u00fd v\u00fdbor, jeho\u017e hnac\u00ed silou byla Inge Rauscherov\u00e1, dlouholet\u00e1 aktivistka \u00d6XIT z \u201eIniciativy Heimat & Umwelt\u201c (Iniciativa pro vlast a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed). Od t\u00e9 doby se stav EU nezlep\u0161il; sta\u010d\u00ed vz\u00edt v \u00favahu n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 otev\u0159en\u00ed hranic od z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015. Rakousk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da by m\u011bla n\u00e1sledovat p\u0159\u00edklad Islandu a nechat rakousk\u00fd lid hlasovat o tom, zda chce v t\u00e9to EU z\u016fstat. Pokud m\u00e1 vl\u00e1da dobr\u00e9 argumenty, jist\u011b se nebude b\u00e1t rozhodnut\u00ed ob\u010dan\u016f, \u017ee?<\/span><\/p>\n

O autorovi:<\/span><\/strong> Mag. Christian Ebner <\/a>(*1970 v Krem\u017ei) pracuje jako nez\u00e1visl\u00fd konzultant managementu a p\u0159edseda strany CFU (K\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e1 svobodn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed unie)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St\u00e1le existuj\u00ed n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00e9 modely demokracie: Island je jedn\u00edm z takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":115915,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[41,6259,1503,885],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115914"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115914"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115914\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115915"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115914"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115914"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115914"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}