{"id":115046,"date":"2026-09-05T00:35:06","date_gmt":"2026-09-04T22:35:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=115046"},"modified":"2026-09-04T17:44:54","modified_gmt":"2026-09-04T15:44:54","slug":"krymsky-konflikt-nezacal-v-roce-2014-o-cem-se-malokdy-informuje-o-referendech-z-roku-1991","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/09\/05\/krymsky-konflikt-nezacal-v-roce-2014-o-cem-se-malokdy-informuje-o-referendech-z-roku-1991\/","title":{"rendered":"Krymsk\u00fd konflikt neza\u010dal v roce 2014: O \u010dem se m\u00e1lokdy informuje &#8211; o referendech z roku 1991"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Konflikt o Krym za\u010dal des\u00edtky let p\u0159ed rokem 2014. I b\u011bhem rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu poloostrov bojoval za sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed politick\u00fd status, drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inou hlasoval pro autonomii a usiloval o co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost na Kyjev\u011b. Jeho n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do Rusk\u00e9 federace je bez t\u00e9to historie obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pochopit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V lednu 1991 byl Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz viditeln\u011b na pokraji kolapsu. Nacionalistick\u00e1 hnut\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1vala vliv v n\u011bkolika republik\u00e1ch, moc Moskvy sl\u00e1bla a tak\u00e9 Krym se pot\u00fdkal s ot\u00e1zkou vlastn\u00ed budoucnosti. Dne 20. ledna uspo\u0159\u00e1dalo veden\u00ed poloostrova\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.golos.com.ua\/article\/176701\"><span dir=\"auto\">referendum<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0o obnoven\u00ed Krymu jako Autonomn\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 socialistick\u00e9 republiky \u2013 v\u00fdslovn\u011b \u201ejako subjektu Svazu sov\u011btsk\u00fdch socialistick\u00fdch republik a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka Svazov\u00e9 smlouvy\u201c. V\u00fdsledek byl ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed. Z\u00fa\u010dastnilo se ho v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,44 milionu lid\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e 93,26 procenta hlasovalo pro. To znamenalo, \u017ee zhruba t\u0159i \u010dtvrtiny v\u0161ech opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f tento nov\u00fd status podpo\u0159ily. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 socialistick\u00e1 republika reagovala o n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f pozd\u011bji a obnovila Krymskou ASSR. Poloostrov v\u0161ak z\u016fstal sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Ukrajinsk\u00e9 SSR.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-x wp-block-embed-x\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=2092610685775532528&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2F%3Fp%3D178575&amp;sessionId=3167f87b8ff3ccea54eee352cd84434cdd80a443&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"2092610685775532528\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<h3 id=\"h-auch-das-referendum-vom-dezember-gehort-zur-geschichte\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Prosincov\u00e9 referendum je tak\u00e9 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historie<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">1. prosince 1991 se konalo\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/uinp.gov.ua\/istorychnyy-kalendar\/gruden\/1\/1991-vseukrayinskyy-referendum-ta-vybory-prezydenta-ukrayiny\"><span dir=\"auto\">referendum o nez\u00e1vislosti<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Ukrajiny . V cel\u00e9 zemi hlasovalo 90,32 procenta \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f pro odtr\u017een\u00ed od Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 nez\u00e1vislost z\u00edskala v\u011bt\u0161inu i na Krymu, i kdy\u017e se zna\u010dn\u00fdm rozd\u00edlem ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se zbytkem zem\u011b: 54,19 procenta odevzdan\u00fdch hlas\u016f bylo pro. V Sevastopolu to bylo 57,07 procenta. Tento v\u00fdsledek je stejn\u011b tak sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9 pravdy jako hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v lednu. Jen o n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f d\u0159\u00edve krymsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inou hlasovalo pro sv\u016fj vlastn\u00ed autonomn\u00ed status jako\u017eto subjektu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu a v prosinci sou\u010dasn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161inou podpo\u0159ilo nez\u00e1vislost Ukrajiny. Politick\u00e1 krajina na poloostrov\u011b proto zdaleka nebyla tak jednozna\u010dn\u00e1, jak se dnes \u010dasto l\u00ed\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi Simferopolem a Kyjevem nezmizelo ani po rozpadu SSSR.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/1997-2001.state.gov\/background_notes\/ukraine_0697_bgn.html\"><span dir=\"auto\">Naopak<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech dominovaly spory o autonomii, kompetence a vazby na Rusko. Za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1994 zv\u00edt\u011bzil v prezidentsk\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch na Krymu otev\u0159en\u011b prorusk\u00fd Jurij Me\u0161kov se ziskem p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 73 procent hlas\u016f. V dal\u0161\u00edm referendu, kter\u00e9 se konalo pozd\u011bji t\u00e9ho\u017e roku, podpo\u0159ilo 78,4 procenta \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed smluvn\u00ed autonomii poloostrova a 82,8 procenta mo\u017enost rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho dvoj\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Politick\u00e1 orientace velk\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed krymsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva byla ji\u017e dlouho jasn\u011b patrn\u00e1. Kyjev nakonec reagoval masivn\u00edm z\u00e1sahem do politick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du poloostrova. 17. b\u0159ezna 1995 Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed rada zru\u0161ila n\u011bkolik z\u00e1kon\u016f autonomn\u00ed republiky i tehdej\u0161\u00ed krymskou \u00fastavu. Zanikl tak\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ad prezidenta Krymu. Me\u0161kovovo prezidentstv\u00ed tak skon\u010dilo, ale aspirace na autonomii zdaleka neskon\u010dily.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-der-konflikt-war-langst-da\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Konflikt tam trval u\u017e dlouho<\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd narativ, \u017ee krymsk\u00fd konflikt prakticky za\u010dal a\u017e v roce 2014, zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed politick\u00fdch spor\u016f. Ji\u017e v roce 1991 se poloostrov dohadoval o sv\u00e9m statusu, autonomii a vztahu s Kyjevem. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech obyvatel\u00e9 volili rozhodn\u011b prorusk\u00e9 politiky a podporovali v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nez\u00e1vislost na ukrajinsk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b. Ud\u00e1losti roku 2014 tak znamenaly konec dlouh\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje, kter\u00fd vyvrcholil majdansk\u00fdm p\u0159evratem. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed rusk\u00e9 anexe v t\u00e9 dob\u011b je samostatnou ot\u00e1zkou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Historicky v\u0161ak konflikt nelze redukovat na p\u0159\u00edchod rusk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f a referendum z b\u0159ezna 2014. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zlomov\u00e9 linie existovaly ji\u017e v dob\u011b rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto stoj\u00ed za to zkoumat referenda z roku 1991: odhaluj\u00ed Krym, jeho\u017e obyvatelstvo hledalo vlastn\u00ed politickou cestu ji\u017e v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi a jeho\u017e vztahy s Kyjevem byly napjat\u00e9 ji\u017e d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed protesty na Majdanu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">Anal\u00fdza od <a href=\"https:\/\/report24.news\/krim-konflikt-begann-nicht-2014-was-ueber-die-abstimmungen-von-1991-kaum-berichtet-wird\/\">Heinze Steinera<\/a><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Konflikt o Krym za\u010dal des\u00edtky let p\u0159ed rokem 2014. I b\u011bhem rozpadu Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu poloostrov&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":115047,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1697,751,158,885],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115046"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=115046"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115046\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":115048,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/115046\/revisions\/115048"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/115047"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115046"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115046"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115046"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}