{"id":114516,"date":"2026-08-30T06:08:44","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T04:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=114516"},"modified":"2026-08-30T06:08:44","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T04:08:44","slug":"de-gaulle-pochazel-z-quebecu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/30\/de-gaulle-pochazel-z-quebecu\/","title":{"rendered":"De Gaulle poch\u00e1zel z Quebecu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se objevil na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch L’aut’journal 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V zemi bratra Andr\u00e9ho a Maurice Richarda je v\u0161e ot\u00e1zkou interpretace. Jean Drapeau p\u0159ed svou smrt\u00ed doufal, \u017ee nap\u00ed\u0161e knihu, kter\u00e1 by nade v\u0161\u00ed pochybnost dok\u00e1zala, \u017ee gener\u00e1l de Gaulle 24. \u010dervence 1967 nemyslel \u201eA\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Qu\u00e9bec!\u201c, kdy\u017e k\u0159i\u010del \u201eA\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Qu\u00e9bec!\u201c. Pro Drapeaua byla nez\u00e1vislost nemysliteln\u00e1; a nav\u00edc byla d\u011bsiv\u00e1. Pocit velkoleposti, kter\u00fd Drapeaua poh\u00e1n\u011bl, nebyl t\u00edm pocitem velikosti, kter\u00fd zt\u011bles\u0148oval de Gaulle.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Metro, Expo 67 a pozd\u011bji ani olympijsk\u00e9 hry Drapeauovi nesta\u010dily. Starosta, kter\u00fd v\u017edy m\u00ed\u0159il v\u00fd\u0161e, snil o instalaci Eiffelovy v\u011b\u017ee v Montrealu \u2013 ano, Eiffelovy v\u011b\u017ee! \u2013 tak, \u017ee ji bude rozeb\u00edrat kus po kusu s pou\u017eit\u00edm osv\u011bd\u010den\u00e9 techniky Meccano. De Gaulle v\u0161ak ji\u017e 29. b\u0159ezna 1967 prohl\u00e1sil:\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u2026Nepojedu do Quebecu kv\u016fli turistice. Pokud pojedu, bude to proto, abych se zapsal do historie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Toto vypr\u00e1v\u00ed Alain Peyrefitte ve t\u0159et\u00edm svazku knihy *\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>C’\u00e9tait de Gaulle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0*, kter\u00e1 je z\u00e1znamem neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch slov mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd v roce 1969 shrnul sv\u016fj \u017eivot sv\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edteli Andr\u00e9mu Malrauxovi:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJedin\u00fd revolucion\u00e1\u0159 jsem byl j\u00e1<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Osam\u011bl\u00fd klam<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u017de de Gaulle na balkon\u011b montrealsk\u00e9 radnice myslel to, co jeho slova znamenala, jsme u\u017e v\u011bd\u011bli. Gener\u00e1lova tiskov\u00e1 konference, kter\u00e1 se 27. listopadu 1967 z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zam\u011b\u0159ila na tuto ud\u00e1lost, nemohla b\u00fdt jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Peyrefitte n\u00e1m v\u0161ak odhaluje, \u017ee de Gaulle\u016fv dlouhodob\u00fd z\u00e1jem o Quebec dos\u00e1hl \u00farovn\u011b deliria, a to deliria osam\u011bl\u00e9ho. Premi\u00e9r Pompidou to bez obalu prohl\u00e1sil ji\u017e v roce 1965:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eGener\u00e1lova pobl\u00e1zn\u011bnost Quebecem je jak\u00fdmsi bezd\u016fvodn\u00fdm \u0161\u00edlenstv\u00edm<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c To byl r\u00e1zn\u00fd \u00fasudek b\u00fdval\u00e9ho zam\u011bstnance Rothschildovy banky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 protestantsk\u00fd ministr zahrani\u010dn\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed Couve de Murville se k v\u011bci vyj\u00e1d\u0159il s rodovou flegmatizac\u00ed a atavistick\u00e1 anglofilie hugenot\u016f, kter\u00fdm Ludv\u00edk XIV. zak\u00e1zal vstoupit na p\u016fdu Nov\u00e9 Francie:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eGener\u00e1lova v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro Quebec nem\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k ni\u010demu dobr\u00e9mu. Na\u0161\u00ed povinnost\u00ed je udr\u017eet ho na t\u00e9to cest\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Averze k na\u0161im aspirac\u00edm na osvobozen\u00ed je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b siln\u00e1. Dokonce i Charles Maurras, o kter\u00e9m se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee ovlivnil gener\u00e1lovo my\u0161len\u00ed, kdysi vn\u00edmal Kanadskou konfederaci jako \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1zrak. M\u011bli jsme ale od tohoto bezhmotn\u00e9ho teoretika o\u010dek\u00e1vat n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bvzhledem k anglomanii dobr\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti monarchistick\u00e9 pravice?<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e de Gaulle vyj\u00e1d\u0159il svou vrouc\u00ed l\u00e1sku k n\u00e1m, \u010delil odporu, a\u017e na n\u011bkolik v\u00fdjimek, cel\u00e9ho Quai d’Orsay, cel\u00e9 Rady ministr\u016f, cel\u00e9 parlamentn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny, cel\u00e9 opozice, cel\u00e9ho tisku \u2013 zkr\u00e1tka cel\u00e9 Francie, nebo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 cel\u00e9. Pokud jde o quebeckou politickou sc\u00e9nu, ta reagovala o m\u00e1lo l\u00e9pe. V roce 1967 de Gaulle nejen\u017ee pobou\u0159il Drapeaua; \u0161okoval Daniela Johnsona star\u0161\u00edho, Jeana Lesage, dokonce i Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesquea a Yvese Michauda! Pouze Bourgault a tehdej\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00ed separatist\u00e9 st\u00e1li stranou. A\u010dkoli byli ohromeni, st\u00e1le m\u011bli dost dechu na oslavu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdvo\u0159il\u00ed mal\u00ed psi<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u201eVelikost,\u201c p\u0159iznal de Gaulle, \u201eje cesta k n\u011b\u010demu nezn\u00e1m\u00e9mu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Pokud gener\u00e1l pochyboval o autenti\u010dnosti revolu\u010dn\u00edho sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed radik\u00e1l\u016f z kv\u011btna 1968, kter\u00e9 pova\u017eoval za rozmazlen\u00e9 d\u011bti a pouh\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017eisty, bylo to proto, aby je ve sv\u00e9m pojet\u00ed l\u00e9pe srovnal se skute\u010dnou revoluc\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eGuevara je sp\u00ed\u0161e postavou ve va\u0161ich rom\u00e1nech ne\u017e v t\u011bch jejich,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl Malrauxovi.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eSoci\u00e1ln\u00ed spravedlnost je zalo\u017eena na nad\u011bji, na povznesen\u00ed zem\u011b, ne na pantofl\u00edch,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0prohl\u00e1sil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kr\u00e1sn\u00e1 slova, kter\u00e1 vysv\u011btluj\u00ed mu\u017ee, ale jeho\u017e up\u0159\u00edmnost je sporn\u00e1. De Gaulle p\u0159edst\u00edral, \u017ee politikou opovrhuje. Politici byli v jeho o\u010d\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>\u201epolitiky\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0zdvo\u0159il\u00ed mal\u00ed pejsci\u2026 Ale nebyl on s\u00e1m mistrem um\u011bn\u00ed politiky? Jeho hra byla jemn\u00e1; nicm\u00e9n\u011b\u00a0<\/span>\u201en\u011bkdy se st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee elegance sestoup\u00ed do intrik,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0159ekl Henri Guillemin, podez\u0159\u00edvav\u00fd levicov\u00fd historik, kter\u00fd nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ho nedok\u00e1\u017ee nen\u00e1vid\u011bt, a spokoj\u00ed se s t\u00edm, \u017ee ho naz\u00fdv\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u0161erosvitn\u00fdm gener\u00e1lem<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, neproniknuteln\u00fdm v\u016fdcem. De Gaullovy \u010diny a slova mohou vykazovat konzistenci p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dokonalou na to, aby to byla pravda, ale jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b v\u011brohodn\u00e9, aby n\u00e1s znepokojily.<\/span><\/p>\n

A nic nevyjad\u0159uje tuto s\u00edlu p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, tuto symbi\u00f3zu mezi loajalitou k minulosti a duchem revolty l\u00e9pe ne\u017e zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed posl\u00e1n\u00ed, do kter\u00e9ho se gener\u00e1l c\u00edtil vd\u011b\u010dn\u00fd, kdy\u017e obr\u00e1til sv\u016fj pohled ke Quebecu. 5. \u0159\u00edjna 1961 p\u0159ijal Jeana Lesage s \u00factou, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00ed hlav\u011b st\u00e1tu. 24. dubna 1963, v okam\u017eiku, kdy explodovaly prvn\u00ed bomby FLQ, prohl\u00e1sil:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eD\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji se Francouzi vzbou\u0159\u00ed proti Angli\u010dan\u016fm. Alespo\u0148 v Quebecu, proto\u017ee v\u0161ude jinde v Kanad\u011b jsou v men\u0161in\u011b\u2026 Pro\u010d jsme m\u011bli d\u00e1t sebeur\u010den\u00ed Al\u017e\u00ed\u0159an\u016fm a pro\u010d by ho Angli\u010dan\u00e9 nem\u011bli d\u00e1t Francouz\u016fm v Kanad\u011b? \u2026 D\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji bude Quebec svobodn\u00fd<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c \u0160el je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eQuebec je na\u0161\u00ed povinnost\u00ed se zapojit<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c A znovu, po sv\u00e9m n\u00e1vratu do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee 27. \u010dervence 1967,\u00a0<\/span>\u201emusel jsem odpov\u011bd\u011bt na vol\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto lidu. Kdybych to neud\u011blal, u\u017e bych nebyl s\u00e1m sebou<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Tajemn\u00e1 postava: Philippe Rossillon<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee o Quebec se ji\u017e velmi aktivn\u011b zaj\u00edmala z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 postava: Philippe Rossillon, mision\u00e1\u0159 francouzsk\u00e9 civilizace po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b a nekaj\u00edcn\u00fd gaullist. Diplomat Bernard Dorin v roce 1997 st\u00e1le p\u0159ikl\u00e1dal velk\u00fd v\u00fdznam setk\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 s n\u00edm m\u011bl v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei v roce 1959. Z tohoto setk\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>, jak napsal, \u201evyplynulo spole\u010dn\u00e9 odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bnovat podstatnou \u010d\u00e1st na\u0161eho ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho \u017eivota francouzsk\u00e9 skute\u010dnosti v Severn\u00ed Americe a zejm\u00e9na politick\u00e9 emancipaci Quebecu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

12. listopadu 1964 s\u00e1m Pompidou varoval Alaina Peyrefitta p\u0159ed Rossillonem,\u00a0<\/span>\u201ekter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed tajn\u00e9 aktivity<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed autor knihy *\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>C’\u00e9tait de Gaulle*<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. 31. srpna 1967 Pompidou je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce nal\u00e9hal na quebeckou misi, kterou Peyrefittovi sv\u011b\u0159il de Gaulle:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eNedoporu\u010duji v\u00e1m, abyste si s sebou vzal Rossillona. Je to extremista, kter\u00fd by proti n\u00e1m obr\u00e1til cel\u00fd sv\u011bt<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Rossillon vskutku nen\u00ed \u00fapln\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00fd mu\u017e. Jeho man\u017eelkou je V\u00e9ronique Seydoux z klanu Schlumberger-Seydoux, jeho\u017e\u00a0 jm\u011bn\u00ed \u010dasopis\u00a0<\/span>Forbes<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0v roce 1996 odhadl na \u010dty\u0159i miliardy americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f. HSP (protestantsk\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00edda)…<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed paradox d\u011bjin!<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A pro\u010d by n\u00e1s m\u011bl p\u0159ekvapovat odv\u011bk\u00fd rozm\u011br v\u0161eho, kdy\u017e se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme k gaullistick\u00e9mu vesm\u00edru? Ka\u017ed\u00e1 my\u0161lenka, ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo gener\u00e1la promlouv\u00e1 k cel\u00e9 planet\u011b a k univerz\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u011bjin\u00e1m. Alespo\u0148 na povrchu. A vzhled, p\u0159esn\u011bji symbolika, m\u00e1 v o\u010d\u00edch de Gaulla obrovsk\u00fd v\u00fdznam, proto\u017ee aby se k n\u00e1m dostal, dal si tu pr\u00e1ci a p\u0159ekro\u010dil Atlantik na Colbertu, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi, kter\u00e1 ct\u00ed velk\u00e9ho ministra 17. stolet\u00ed, dobrodince Nov\u00e9 Francie.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu 1967, b\u011bhem n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Daniela Johnsona v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, kanadsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da po\u017eadovala, aby na leti\u0161ti Orly vl\u00e1la pouze vlajka s javorov\u00fdm listem; delegace quebeck\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy si v\u0161ak p\u0159\u00e1la pouze fleur-de-lis. Couve de Murville se sv\u00fdm kalvinistick\u00fdm smyslem pro \u00faspornost prohl\u00e1sil:\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 vlajky nebudou<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c De Gaulle rozhodnut\u00ed sv\u00e9ho ministra zru\u0161il:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eMus\u00ed existovat pouze quebeck\u00e9 vlajky! Mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u0161ude!\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Na Chemin du Roy gener\u00e1l opakuje:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eCel\u00e1 Francie v\u00e1s sleduje. Sly\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1s, miluje v\u00e1s<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Ale on velmi dob\u0159e v\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201eFrancouz\u016fm je Quebec \u00fapln\u011b lhostejn\u00fd<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c, jak uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 i s\u00e1m Peyrefitte. Nevad\u00ed! Nen\u00ed gener\u00e1l ve skute\u010dnosti samotnou Franci\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eCo byste \u0159ekli, kdybych na n\u011b zak\u0159i\u010del: A\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Quebec?\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V historick\u00e9 inscenaci nezb\u00fdv\u00e1 nic improvizaci. Na palub\u011b lodi Colbert, uprost\u0159ed Atlantiku, se de Gaulle pt\u00e1 admir\u00e1la Philippona:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eCo byste \u0159ekl, kdybych na n\u011b zak\u0159i\u010del: A\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Quebec? \u2013 To ale neud\u011bl\u00e1te, gener\u00e1le! \u2013 No, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ano! Bude to z\u00e1le\u017eet na atmosf\u00e9\u0159e<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Drama je tak naka\u017eliv\u00e9, \u017ee se ho div\u00e1ci \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed. Je to neust\u00e1l\u00fd d\u011bn\u00ed. P\u0159ed svou slavnou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvou Quebecu pozval gener\u00e1l a pan\u00ed de Gaulleovi Pauline Vanierovou, ned\u00e1vno ovdov\u011blou po gener\u00e1ln\u00ed guvern\u00e9rce Kanady, na komorn\u00ed ob\u011bd do Elysejsk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce. Proto\u017ee de Gaulle v\u011bd\u011bl o nitern\u00e9m federalismu sv\u00e9ho hosta, prohl\u00e1sil t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 krut\u011b:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJedinou mo\u017enou budoucnost\u00ed pro Quebec je st\u00e1t se suver\u00e9nn\u00edm<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Pan\u00ed Vanierov\u00e1 toho dne opustila prezidentsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c v slz\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

A Daniel Johnson \u2013\u00a0<\/span>\u201em\u016fj p\u0159\u00edtel Johnson,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0jak r\u00e1d \u0159\u00edk\u00e1val \u2013 no, de Gaulle ho m\u00e1lem zabil, chud\u00e1ka! Premi\u00e9r Quebeku pr\u00e1v\u011b utrp\u011bl infarkt a bylo to st\u00e1tn\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed. 13. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1967, v den v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed por\u00e1\u017eky na Abrahamsk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch, Johnson v \u017eupanu p\u0159ijal Alaina Peyrefitta, de Gaullova mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho vyslance, ve sv\u00e9m retreatu v hotelu Bonaventure.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peyrefitte ho informoval o gener\u00e1lov\u011b pl\u00e1nu po\u0159\u00e1dat pravideln\u00e9 francouzsko-quebeck\u00e9 rozhovory podle vzoru pololetn\u00edch francouzsko-n\u011bmeck\u00fdch dialog\u016f. \u0160ok byl zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed. Johnson\u00a0<\/span>si \u201ep\u0159ilo\u017eil ruku na srdce<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c vypr\u00e1v\u00ed vyslanec. Postaven\u00ed Quebecu na stejnou \u00farove\u0148 jako N\u011bmecko! Udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rovnocenn\u00fdch vztah\u016f s Franci\u00ed! Ale to je vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed v\u00e1lky Angli\u010dan\u016fm! Je to konec sv\u011bta!<\/span><\/p>\n

Danvilleova sl\u00e1va neoz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed Versailles<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Po Peyrefittov\u011b n\u00e1vratu de Gaulle zvolal:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eJohnson nev\u00ed, jak si vynutit osud… Je to provin\u010dn\u00ed politik… Malichern\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Pro gener\u00e1la bylo tragick\u00e9 vid\u011bt, \u017ee si na\u0161i c\u00edrkevn\u00ed dozorci v\u016fbec neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed velikost Quebecu, kter\u00e9mu se po dvou stolet\u00edch anglosask\u00e9 nadvl\u00e1dy poda\u0159ilo samo udr\u017eet si svou identitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pomyslete jen na to, \u017ee 1. srpna 1940 n\u00e1m de Gaulle v lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9m r\u00e1diu poslal vzkaz pln\u00fd obdivu, a\u010dkoli mo\u017en\u00e1 tu\u0161il, \u017ee na\u0161e elity budou z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u00e9tainist\u00e9, ani\u017e by tu\u0161ili, co bude Vichy reprezentovat!\u00a0<\/span>\u201eDu\u0161e Francie,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil, \u201ehled\u00e1 a vol\u00e1 po va\u0161\u00ed pomoci, proto\u017ee ve va\u0161em p\u0159\u00edkladu nach\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bco, co o\u017eiv\u00ed jej\u00ed nad\u011bji do budoucnosti<\/span><\/em>\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli byl gener\u00e1l Johnsonem ho\u0159ce zklam\u00e1n, byl odhodl\u00e1n ho v \u010dervenci 1968 p\u0159iv\u00edtat s velkou pompou. Cht\u011bl ho dokonce pov\u00fd\u0161it nad b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hlavy st\u00e1t\u016f t\u00edm, \u017ee by ho hostil v kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci Trianonu, kde by quebeck\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra p\u0159edch\u00e1zel pouze princ Philippe. Danvilleova sl\u00e1va v\u0161ak Versailles neoz\u00e1\u0159ila. P\u0159ed cestou do Francie Johnson zem\u0159el na dal\u0161\u00ed infarkt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 poloze v anglosask\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b byl Quebec st\u0159edem de Gaulleovy jedine\u010dn\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky, kter\u00e1 se, zejm\u00e9na zp\u011btn\u011b, jev\u00ed jako boj \u2013 stejn\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00fd jako epick\u00fd \u2013 proti globalizaci, tedy proti americk\u00e9 hegemonii. Zu\u0159iv\u011b anachronick\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy jako\u00a0<\/span>\u201eFrancouzi Kanady<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c a p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dast\u00e9 zm\u00ednky o Nov\u00e9 Francii by n\u00e1s nem\u011bly uv\u00e1d\u011bt v omyl. De Gaulle nesm\u011b\u0161oval Quebec a Francii.<\/span><\/p>\n

A pak m\u00e1 na mysli 20. stolet\u00ed, a zejm\u00e9na 21. stolet\u00ed. Jeho grandi\u00f3zn\u00ed vize jist\u011b vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00fasm\u011bvy, ob\u010das podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a ob\u010das i \u0161oky; ale pro\u010d si nep\u0159iznat, \u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 nut\u00ed k zamy\u0161len\u00ed? Politika je pom\u00edjiv\u00e1. Ale jsme v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti n\u011bkoho, kdo je v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b voj\u00e1kem, n\u011bkoho, pro koho slova a symboly z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejvelkolep\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi a nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd voj\u00e1k. Ne n\u011bjak\u00fd operetn\u00ed voj\u00e1k<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fd voj\u00e1k. Ne n\u011bjak\u00fd operetn\u00ed voj\u00e1k, jak si z\u0159ejm\u011b mysl\u00ed ti nejtup\u011bj\u0161\u00ed Angli\u010dan\u00e9 a na\u0161i mnoz\u00ed pros\u0165\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed si neuv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee divadlo je prodlou\u017een\u00edm reality. Dokonce i skeptik Henri Guillemin uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee de Gaulle prok\u00e1zal svou fyzickou odvahu na front\u011b, u Dinantu, pak v Champagne a p\u0159ed Verdunem b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky; p\u0159ed Laonem a Abbevillem v kv\u011btnu 1940.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nepochopen\u00fd voj\u00e1k, jeho\u017e kniha\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>*Sm\u011brem k profesion\u00e1ln\u00ed arm\u00e1d\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0* (1934), kter\u00e1 prosazovala modernizaci arm\u00e1dy, byla v N\u011bmecku \u010dten\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve Francii! Voj\u00e1k na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch, kter\u00fd respektoval osv\u00edcen\u00fd pacifismus Jaur\u00e8sovy *Nov\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy*, ale kritizoval L\u00e9ona Bluma za to, \u017ee umo\u017enil n\u011bmeckou invazi t\u00edm, \u017ee Francii neposkytl motorizovanou a obrn\u011bnou arm\u00e1du. Voj\u00e1k, kter\u00fd se spojil s francouzsk\u00fdmi komunisty, ale je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce obdivoval rusk\u00e9 komunisty a pova\u017eoval je za mnohem revolu\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Voj\u00e1k, kter\u00fd po v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010di sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159edst\u00edran\u00e9m v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed, zvolil cestu dekolonizace, zat\u00edmco komunistick\u00e1 strana (nep\u0159\u00edmo) a krajn\u00ed pravice (zcela otev\u0159en\u011b) se vyslovily ve prosp\u011bch francouzsk\u00e9ho Al\u017e\u00edrska. De Gaulle necht\u011bl vietnamskou v\u00e1lku ve francouzsk\u00e9m stylu v Africe. Tento postoj vedl k tomu, \u017ee se 22. srpna 1962 na cest\u011b do Petit-Clamartu stal ter\u010dem nejm\u00e9n\u011b 150 kulek, kter\u00e9 vyst\u0159elili pr\u00e1v\u011b ti lid\u00e9, kter\u00e9 mnoz\u00ed pova\u017eovali za jeho vlastn\u00ed mu\u017ee.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eSt\u0159\u00edleli jako prasata<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c \u0159ekl by o \u00fadajn\u00fdch d\u011bdic\u00edch k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1k\u016f. Vyhn\u00e1ni histori\u00ed mohli st\u0159\u00edlet, jak cht\u011bli, ale u\u017e nemohli zas\u00e1hnout nikoho, ani Madame de Gaulle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jejich v\u016fdce, podplukovn\u00edk Jean-Marie Bastien-Thiry, nostalgick\u00fd po koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i, m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ed soudem argumentovat, \u017ee zabit\u00ed tyrana je podle svat\u00e9ho Tom\u00e1\u0161e Akvinsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1slu\u017en\u00fdm \u010dinem pro nebe! \u201eA\u0165 jde do nebe!\u201c mysl\u00ed si gener\u00e1l, kter\u00fd mu odm\u00edt\u00e1 ud\u011blit milost. Bastien-Thiry bude zast\u0159elen s r\u016f\u017eencem v ruce v pevnosti Ivry; de Gaulle je toti\u017e pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee star\u00e1 Francie tohoto zoufalce v\u016fbec nen\u00ed ta, kterou uct\u00edvali jeho rodi\u010de. Je to pad\u011blek a krom\u011b toho v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nen\u00ed quebeck\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obrovsk\u00e1 trag\u00e9die<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Quebec, jeho\u017e st\u00e1le koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed charakter cht\u011bl de Gaulle vymazat, se tak ocitl v ohromn\u00e9m dramatu, kde se Francie, m\u00edsto aby se postavila proti americk\u00e9mu imperialismu, kter\u00fd zem\u0159el kr\u00e1snou smrt\u00ed, stala, aby obnovila svou velikost, obh\u00e1jcem mal\u00fdch, sm\u00ed\u0159livcem velk\u00fdch, zkr\u00e1tka arbitrem n\u00e1rod\u016f, nebo alespo\u0148 poskytovala jeho skv\u011blou iluzi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Heslo\u00a0<\/span>\u201eA\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Qu\u00e9bec!\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0se tak stalo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie. Bylo v souladu s dal\u0161\u00edmi odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fdmi kroky gener\u00e1la: uzn\u00e1n\u00edm \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 republiky v roce 1964, sbl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm s v\u00fdchodn\u00edm blokem, vystoupen\u00edm z NATO, vypov\u011bzen\u00edm vietnamsk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Phnompenhu v roce 1966, odsouzen\u00edm izraelsk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku proti Arab\u016fm v \u010dervnu 1967 a detonac\u00ed prvn\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed bomby v Pacifiku v roce 1968.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byl v\u0161ak Quebec v de Gaulleov\u011b mysli pouze divadeln\u00ed entitou? V\u016fbec ne, proto\u017ee jeho osud je \u00fazce spjat s osudem Francie a velk\u00fd dramatik, kter\u00fd tuto Francii zt\u011bles\u0148uje, je zcela re\u00e1ln\u00fd. Gener\u00e1l si dokonce dal tu pr\u00e1ci a v roce 1967, po sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b na\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b, dodal toto z\u00e1sadn\u00ed up\u0159esn\u011bn\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eOd nyn\u011bj\u0161ka nesm\u00ed existovat ani Francie bez Quebecu, ani Quebec bez Francie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Naps\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Bible Pl\u00e9iade<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nechme tedy moudr\u00e9ho mu\u017ee z Colombey, aby se v klidu toulal lesem Dhuits a hledal ty nej\u00fa\u017easn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed houby. Naslouchejme mu s \u00factou, jak nahlas recituje chv\u00e1lospevnou b\u00e1se\u0148, kterou mu Paul Claudel v\u011bnoval v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1944, pot\u00e9, co t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o \u010dty\u0159i roky d\u0159\u00edve napsal jednu, pravda, na chv\u00e1lu mar\u0161\u00e1la P\u00e9taina. Ale genialita velk\u00fdch b\u00e1sn\u00edk\u016f se vyv\u00edj\u00ed tak rychle\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

De Gaulle, autor\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch pam\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0a\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Pam\u011bt\u00ed nad\u011bje<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, m\u016f\u017ee klidn\u011b sp\u00e1t na biblick\u00e9m pap\u00ed\u0159e Pl\u00e9\u00e1dy, samoz\u0159ejm\u011b po boku Claudela, ale tak\u00e9 sv\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edtele Malrauxe, P\u00e9guyho (\u00a0<\/span>\u201ejedin\u00e9ho mistra ducha, kter\u00e9ho kdy poznal<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,\u201c uji\u0161\u0165uje n\u00e1s Peyrefitte), Chateaubrianda, Micheleta, Las Casese, Rousseaua (jeho\u017e Spole\u010denskou smlouvu obdivoval), Caesara samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, Aischyla a Sofokla (trag\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 \u010detl na sklonku sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota) a prorok\u016f Star\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdk\u0159ikem\u00a0<\/span>\u201eA\u0165 \u017eije svobodn\u00fd Quebec!\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0si myslel, \u017ee spl\u00e1c\u00ed dluh Ludv\u00edka XV., ale za\u0161el mnohem d\u00e1l. Na\u0161e opu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Franci\u00ed bylo minulost\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1\u0161 vstup na sc\u00e9nu, p\u0159\u00edmo uprost\u0159ed tohoto absurdn\u00edho dramatu, napsan\u00e9ho jak proti Francii, tak pro Francii t\u00edm nejosam\u011blej\u0161\u00edm Francouzem, z n\u011bj ud\u011blal Quebe\u010dana; a tak n\u00e1s naplnil radost\u00ed. Tato \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 pod\u00edvan\u00e1 m\u011bla, na splacen\u00ed na\u0161ich pap\u00edrov\u00fdch pen\u011bz, velkou hodnotu jeden\u00e1cti a p\u016fl milionu livr\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m Versailles dlu\u017eil od roku 1764.<\/span><\/p>\n

Champagneontarien a osvobozen\u00ed Quebecu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00fd\u0148atek ze svazku III \u201e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>It Was de Gaulle\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0od Alaina Peyrefitte ,<\/span>
\n\u00c9ditions de Fallois \/ Fayard, 2000,<\/span>
\n24. dubna 1963<\/span><\/p>\n

De Gaulle: \u2013 Stalin m\u011bl tu \u0161patnou chu\u0165 p\u0159ip\u00edt si na m\u011b rusk\u00fdm \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00fdm. Kana\u010fan\u00e9 si v roce 1960 mysleli, \u017ee mi prokazuj\u00ed laskavost t\u00edm, \u017ee mi v Torontu naserv\u00edruj\u00ed kanadsk\u00e9 \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9. Byl to vrchol absurdity. \u0158ekl jsem jim:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eVyr\u00e1b\u011bt \u0161ampa\u0148sk\u00e9 na b\u0159ehu Velk\u00fdch jezer vy\u017eaduje stejnou odvahu jako p\u0159epravit Velk\u00e1 jezera do Champagne<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Brali to jako kompliment. Byli to angli\u010dt\u00ed Kana\u010fan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po chv\u00edli pokra\u010duje:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eVe skute\u010dnosti Anglo-Kana\u010fan\u00e9 Francouzsk\u00fdm Kana\u010fan\u016fm nerozum\u00ed. Dalo by se dokonce \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee je nemaj\u00ed r\u00e1di. A naopak. Dv\u011b stolet\u00ed \u017eili pohromad\u011b, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se nem\u00edsili. Nebudou to d\u011blat ani te\u010f, kdy\u017e v\u0161ude vid\u00edme probuzen\u00ed n\u00e1rodnost\u00ed\u2026 Jednoho dne bude Quebec svobodn\u00fd<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSvobodn\u00fd Quebec\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, dv\u011b slova, kter\u00e1 oblet\u00ed cel\u00fd sv\u011bt, u\u017e tam jsou, \u010dty\u0159i roky a t\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159edem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alain Peyrefitte,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>It Was de Gaulle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, Volume III, \u00c9ditions de Fallois \/ Fayard, 2000.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0<\/span>Michela Lapierra<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span>L’Aut’Journa<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek se objevil na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch L’aut’journal 23. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2015. V zemi bratra Andr\u00e9ho a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":114517,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[11542,398,420],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114516"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114516"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114516\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/114517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}