{"id":114420,"date":"2026-08-29T00:27:01","date_gmt":"2026-08-28T22:27:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=114420"},"modified":"2026-08-28T18:26:35","modified_gmt":"2026-08-28T16:26:35","slug":"uriel-araujo-brics-zpochybnuje-dolar-zatim-nepotrebuje-spolecnou-menu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/29\/uriel-araujo-brics-zpochybnuje-dolar-zatim-nepotrebuje-spolecnou-menu\/","title":{"rendered":"Uriel Araujo: BRICS zpochyb\u0148uje dolar, zat\u00edm nepot\u0159ebuje spole\u010dnou m\u011bnu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zem\u011b BRICS propojuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch. Brazilsk\u00e1 platforma Pix, centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankovn\u00ed devizy a \u00cdr\u00e1nem navrhovan\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed koridory BRICS by tak mohly postupn\u011b sni\u017eovat pot\u0159ebu transakc\u00ed zprost\u0159edkovan\u00fdch dolarem. Vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed trend se tedy m\u00e9n\u011b t\u00fdk\u00e1 nahrazen\u00ed dolaru p\u0159es noc a sp\u00ed\u0161e vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed multipol\u00e1rn\u00edho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho finan\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edm se summitem BRICS, kter\u00fd se bude konat\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed m\u011bs\u00edc<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed , blok postupn\u011b p\u0159ekra\u010duje r\u00e1mec r\u00e9toriky o finan\u010dn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci.\u00a0<\/span>Podle<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Sanjaye Malhotry, guvern\u00e9ra Indick\u00e9 rezervn\u00ed banky, \u010dlensk\u00e9 zem\u011b diskutuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>o<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zp\u016fsobech propojen\u00ed sv\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f okam\u017eit\u00fdch plateb a digit\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u011bn centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank (CBDC), aby se p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed transakce urychlily a zlevnily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato my\u0161lenka je mezi n\u011bkolika projedn\u00e1van\u00fdmi mo\u017enostmi a je st\u00e1le v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, p\u0159esto poukazuje na praktick\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed o sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1vislosti na tradi\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, v nich\u017e dominuje americk\u00fd dolar a z\u00e1padn\u00ed infrastruktura.<\/span><\/p>\n

BRICS ji\u017e dlouho hovo\u0159\u00ed o v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn v obchodu. Nyn\u00ed se ale zm\u011bnilo zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed technick\u00e9 vazby. Brazilsk\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>Pix<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, indick\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>Unified Payments Interface<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a podobn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlensk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech ji\u017e zpracov\u00e1vaj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 objemy v tuzemsku. Jejich propojen\u00ed by mohlo usnadnit p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed platby v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch a z\u00e1rove\u0148 sn\u00ed\u017eit pot\u0159ebu v\u00edce zprost\u0159edkovatel\u016f a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit transak\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/span><\/p>\n

Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankovn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 jednotky (CBDC)<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nab\u00edzej\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed cestu, kter\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u011b umo\u017e\u0148uje rychlej\u0161\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mezi z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00fdmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi institucemi a centr\u00e1ln\u00edmi bankami. Indie si ji\u017e vybudovala p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed platebn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>styky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se SAE a zkoum\u00e1 podobn\u00e1 ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed s dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n do n\u00e1vrhu p\u0159idal vlastn\u00ed: guvern\u00e9r centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky Abdolnasser Hemmati\u00a0<\/span>vyzval k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0specializovan\u00e9ho \u201e\u00a0<\/span>finan\u010dn\u00edho koridoru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c BRICS a integraci n\u00e1rodn\u00edch platebn\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed. Tvrdil, \u017ee propojen\u00ed t\u011bchto syst\u00e9m\u016f a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edch m\u011bn by sn\u00ed\u017eilo z\u00e1vislost na extern\u00edch finan\u010dn\u00edch kan\u00e1lech, zv\u00fd\u0161ilo rychlost transakc\u00ed, sn\u00ed\u017eilo n\u00e1klady a zlep\u0161ilo bezpe\u010dnost obchodu mezi \u010dleny. \u00cdr\u00e1n ji\u017e za\u010dal zkoumat technick\u00e9, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a provozn\u00ed aspekty a je p\u0159ipraven pomoci s vypracov\u00e1n\u00edm pl\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington situaci pozorn\u011b sleduje. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span>ozna\u010dili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0brazilsk\u00fd Pix za\u00a0<\/span>probl\u00e9m<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jej poukazuj\u00ed na obchodn\u00ed spory a tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>znev\u00fdhod\u0148uje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00e9 poskytovatele platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brazilsk\u00e1 platforma Pix, spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e1 v roce 2020, se stala jednou z nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch platforem pro okam\u017eit\u00e9 platby na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji zhruba\u00a0<\/span>80 %<\/span><\/a>\u00a0populace a prov\u00e1d\u00ed se na n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u0161ech platebn\u00edch transakc\u00ed v Braz\u00edlii. Brazilsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka nav\u00edc podepsala dohody o spolupr\u00e1ci s des\u00edtkami zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed z\u00e1jem o replikaci tohoto modelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011bch ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bn\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159itahuje pozornost \u2013 kdy\u017e mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm platb\u00e1m dlouho dominovaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b soukrom\u00fdch karet.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed kontext tohoto v\u00fdvoje zahrnuje rostouc\u00ed v\u00e1hu glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu ve sv\u011btov\u00e9 ekonomice a hled\u00e1n\u00ed alternativ k syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd se uk\u00e1zal jako zraniteln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di sankc\u00edm a politick\u00e9mu tlaku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak jsem ned\u00e1vno\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, rekordn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148 dluhu USA nyn\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dila 40 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f. V kombinaci s vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktury zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na dolar jako n\u00e1stroje ekonomick\u00fdch sankc\u00ed to vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed pob\u00eddky pro ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b k rozvoji paraleln\u00edch platebn\u00edch a vyrovn\u00e1vac\u00edch ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 tuto dynamiku lze ch\u00e1pat i v kontextu tzv.\u00a0<\/span>Triffinova dilematu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160ir\u0161\u00ed koncept \u201e\u00a0<\/span>BRICS Pay<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je usnadnit interoperabilitu mezi n\u00e1rodn\u00edmi platebn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my, do tohoto vzorce zapad\u00e1. Jeho c\u00edlem je usnadnit p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, ani\u017e by se nutn\u011b spol\u00e9halo na dolar jako zprost\u0159edkuj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bnu nebo na z\u00e1padn\u00ed infrastrukturu finan\u010dn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v, jako je SWIFT \u2013 syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd je notoricky\u00a0<\/span>zn\u00e1m\u00fd svou zranitelnost\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u016f\u010di sankc\u00edm, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>lze pou\u017e\u00edt jako zbra\u0148<\/span><\/a>\u00a0nebo geopoliticky motivovan\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>sankce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto bod\u011b sta\u010d\u00ed zd\u016fraznit, jak bylo \u0159ad\u011b velk\u00fdch rusk\u00fdch bank zak\u00e1z\u00e1no pou\u017e\u00edvat SWIFT kv\u016fli\u00a0<\/span>jejich kampani na Ukrajin\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zat\u00edmco izraelsk\u00e9 instituce nikoli \u2013 a to navzdory zpr\u00e1v\u00e1m OSN\u00a0<\/span>o genocid\u011b uprost\u0159ed izraelsk\u00fdch operac\u00ed v Gaze<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je toto \u00fasil\u00ed sp\u00ed\u0161e pragmatick\u00e9 ne\u017e \u201erevolu\u010dn\u00ed\u201c nebo protiz\u00e1padn\u00ed. Indie, kter\u00e1 letos p\u0159edsed\u00e1 BRICS, zam\u011b\u0159ila diskusi na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f a efektivitu, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e na otev\u0159enou konfrontaci s dolarov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Summit\u00a0<\/span>\u00fadajn\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sp\u00ed\u0161e podpo\u0159\u00ed propojen\u00ed platebn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f ne\u017e vyhl\u00e1s\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou kampa\u0148\u00a0<\/span>za dedolarizaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. A\u0165 je to jakkoli, i postupn\u00e9 kroky\u00a0<\/span>maj\u00ed v\u00fdznam<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Propojen\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e funguj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, m\u016f\u017ee postupn\u011b zm\u011bnit obchodn\u00ed vzorce, zejm\u00e9na mezi \u010dleny, kte\u0159\u00ed se podstatn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na sv\u011btov\u00e9m HDP (m\u011b\u0159eno paritou kupn\u00ed s\u00edly).<\/span><\/p>\n

Diskuse doposud z\u016fst\u00e1valy p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b technick\u00e9ho charakteru. Mezi mo\u017enosti pat\u0159\u00ed propojen\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed rychl\u00fdch plateb a interoperabilita mezi centr\u00e1ln\u00edmi bankami centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank. Nebyla schv\u00e1lena \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 spole\u010dn\u00e1 infrastruktura a \u010dasov\u00e9 harmonogramy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00e9. Sm\u011br je v\u0161ak dostate\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00fd. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 kdysi akceptovaly n\u00e1klady a zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed obchodu zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e9ho dolarem, zkoumaj\u00ed cesty, kter\u00e9 by jim umo\u017enily udr\u017eet v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st procesu pod kontrolou.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem mohou pos\u00edlit m\u011bnovou suverenitu, ani\u017e by museli p\u0159es noc zav\u00e9st jednotnou m\u011bnu BRICS.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hodnocen\u00ed zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 v r\u00e1mci bloku uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1vislost na extern\u00edch syst\u00e9mech s sebou nese rizika. Sankce, omezen\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup a rostouc\u00ed transak\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1klady jist\u011b p\u0159im\u011bly \u010dleny hledat \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed uvnit\u0159 bloku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto posuny nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed architektura nen\u00ed pro rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky jedinou funk\u010dn\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00e1padn\u00edho tisku se nedostate\u010dn\u011b informuje o tom, jak rychle postupuje praktick\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ce v ter\u00e9nu \u2013 od bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch platebn\u00edch vazeb a\u017e po multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd n\u00e1pad na finan\u010dn\u00ed koridor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1\u0159ijov\u00fd summit v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed proto otestuje, jak daleko se tato jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mohou posunout od diskuse k dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1vazk\u016fm. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee minist\u0159i financ\u00ed a guvern\u00e9\u0159i centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank n\u00e1vrhy p\u0159edem up\u0159esn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 u\u017e v\u00fdsledkem bude form\u00e1ln\u00ed platebn\u00ed r\u00e1mec BRICS, nebo s\u00e9rie bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch a plurilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed trend pokra\u010duje. V kontextu roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edho se seskupen\u00ed BRICS+ si \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty buduj\u00ed n\u00e1stroje pro vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00e9ho obchodu za vlastn\u00edch podm\u00ednek. Ve sv\u011bt\u011b, kde finan\u010dn\u00ed infrastruktura slou\u017e\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 jako geopolitick\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj s d\u016fsledky, kter\u00e9 se teprve za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed projevovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zem\u011b BRICS propojuj\u00ed sv\u00e9 platebn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v m\u00edstn\u00edch m\u011bn\u00e1ch. Brazilsk\u00e1 platforma Pix,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":114421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1161,1324,2398],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=114420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/114420\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/114421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=114420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=114420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}