{"id":114266,"date":"2026-08-27T05:33:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T03:33:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=114266"},"modified":"2026-08-27T05:33:59","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T03:33:59","slug":"plastovy-paradox-recyklace-lahvi-mela-oceany-vycistit-ale-dopadlo-to-jako-vzdy-jeste-zakernejsim-zamorenim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/27\/plastovy-paradox-recyklace-lahvi-mela-oceany-vycistit-ale-dopadlo-to-jako-vzdy-jeste-zakernejsim-zamorenim\/","title":{"rendered":"Plastov\u00fd paradox: Recyklace lahv\u00ed m\u011bla oce\u00e1ny vy\u010distit, ale dopadlo to jako v\u017edy \u2013 je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1ke\u0159n\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zamo\u0159en\u00edm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ka\u017ed\u00e9 r\u00e1no si miliony lid\u00ed obl\u00e9kaj\u00ed leg\u00edny, sportovn\u00ed podprsenky \u010di tri\u010dka s ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201eVyrobeno z recyklovan\u00fdch plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed\u201c. P\u0159i n\u00e1kupu maj\u00ed dobr\u00fd pocit. L\u00e1hev neskon\u010dila na skl\u00e1dce, dostala druh\u00fd \u017eivot a oni ud\u011blali n\u011bco pro planetu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Co kdy\u017e pohodln\u00e9 leg\u00edny ze star\u00e9ho PET p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k probl\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd \u00fadajn\u011b pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it? A co kdy\u017e \u201ezelen\u00e1\u201c revoluce ve sportovn\u00edm oble\u010den\u00ed nen\u00ed uzav\u0159en\u00fdm kruhem, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jednosm\u011brnou cestou od l\u00e1hve p\u0159es \u0161atn\u00edk a\u017e na skl\u00e1dku?<\/span><\/p>\n

Za p\u0159ita\u017elivou marketingovou n\u00e1lepkou se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd paradox. P\u0159em\u011bna star\u00fdch lahv\u00ed na oble\u010den\u00ed sice sni\u017euje spot\u0159ebu nov\u00e9ho polyesteru, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak odv\u00e1d\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed materi\u00e1l z funguj\u00edc\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uje jej na v\u00fdrobek, kter\u00fd se d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 mnohem obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e1hev, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e nevr\u00e1t\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 polyethylentereftal\u00e1tem, zn\u00e1m\u00fdm pod zkratkou PET. Jedn\u00e1 se o plast, ze kter\u00e9ho se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed l\u00e1hve na vodu a dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1poje.<\/span><\/p>\n

PET l\u00e1hve pat\u0159\u00ed k nejl\u00e9pe recyklovateln\u00fdm plastov\u00fdm obal\u016fm. Pokud se spr\u00e1vn\u011b vysb\u00edraj\u00ed, rozt\u0159\u00edd\u00ed a zpracuj\u00ed, lze materi\u00e1l pou\u017e\u00edt k v\u00fdrob\u011b nov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed. Ani tento proces v\u0161ak nelze opakovat donekone\u010dna.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mechanick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed postupn\u011b zhor\u0161uje vlastnosti plastu a n\u011bkdy si vy\u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho PET. P\u0159esto se jedn\u00e1 o dob\u0159e zaveden\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd udr\u017euje surovinu ve vysoce hodnotn\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potom v\u0161ak p\u0159i\u0161la m\u00f3da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy\u00a0<\/span>Textile Exchange<\/span><\/em>\u00a0za rok 2025 poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 98 % recyklovan\u00e9ho polyesteru z plastov\u00fdch lahv\u00ed, nikoli ze star\u00e9ho oble\u010den\u00ed. V\u00fdroba nov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken z vy\u0159azen\u00fdch textili\u00ed p\u0159itom st\u00e1le tvo\u0159\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e jedno procento celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho trhu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velk\u00e9 zna\u010dky dnes prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed leg\u00edny, plavky, bundy i sportovn\u00ed tri\u010dka ze star\u00fdch n\u00e1pojov\u00fdch obal\u016f. Spot\u0159ebiteli to p\u0159ipad\u00e1 jako jasn\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 volba. Skute\u010dn\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed cyklus takov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobku je v\u0161ak podstatn\u011b slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se kruh p\u0159eru\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n

P\u0159i p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b l\u00e1hve na textiln\u00ed l\u00e1tku se PET rozdrt\u00ed, vy\u010dist\u00ed, roztav\u00ed a sp\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1 do jemn\u00fdch syntetick\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken. N\u00e1sleduje barven\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravy, kter\u00e9 textilii dodaj\u00ed pru\u017enost, m\u011bkkost, schopnost odv\u00e1d\u011bt vlhkost, tlumit z\u00e1pach nebo odol\u00e1vat poma\u010dk\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledkem je st\u00e1le polyester \u2013 syntetick\u00fd polymer vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fd z fosiln\u00edch surovin. P\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u017eivot v podob\u011b n\u00e1pojov\u00e9ho obalu z n\u011bj neud\u011bl\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed ani zdravotn\u011b bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd materi\u00e1l.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159em\u011bna PET l\u00e1hve na od\u011bv se \u010dasto ozna\u010duje jako downcyklace. Surovina p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed do v\u00fdrobku, u kter\u00e9ho je dal\u0161\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed podstatn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Situaci zhor\u0161uj\u00ed sm\u011bsi v\u00edce vl\u00e1ken. Polyester se ve sportovn\u00edm oble\u010den\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u011b kombinuje s elastanem, kter\u00fd mu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 pru\u017enost, ale v\u00fdrazn\u011b komplikuje jeho dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se z l\u00e1hve stanou leg\u00edny, opust\u00ed zaveden\u00fd obalov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Po opot\u0159ebov\u00e1n\u00ed od\u011bv nej\u010dast\u011bji skon\u010d\u00ed ve spalovn\u011b nebo na skl\u00e1dce.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00edce uvoln\u011bn\u00fdch mikrovl\u00e1ken<\/span><\/h2>\n

P\u0159i pran\u00ed syntetick\u00fdch textili\u00ed se z l\u00e1tky odd\u011bluj\u00ed drobn\u00e1 plastov\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna. Jejich mno\u017estv\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed na konstrukci tkaniny, kvalit\u011b p\u0159\u00edze, st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed oble\u010den\u00ed, teplot\u011b vody, prac\u00edm programu i pou\u017eit\u00e9m prac\u00edm prost\u0159edku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Laboratorn\u00ed testov\u00e1n\u00ed 51 od\u011bv\u016f zna\u010dek Adidas, H&M, Nike, Shein a Zara, kter\u00e9 provedla v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 skupina z\u00a0<\/span>Cukurovy univerzity<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pro organizaci\u00a0<\/span>Changing Markets Foundation<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, p\u0159ineslo znepokojuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve zkouman\u00e9m vzorku uvolnily tkaniny ze zpracovan\u00e9ho PET pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 12 430 vl\u00e1ken na gram, zat\u00edmco nov\u00fd polyester kolem 8 028. Rozd\u00edl \u010dinil 54,8 %, tedy p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 55 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uvoln\u011bn\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice byly z\u00e1rove\u0148 men\u0161\u00ed \u2013 v pr\u016fm\u011bru m\u011b\u0159ily 0,42 milimetru oproti 0,52 milimetru u nov\u00e9 suroviny. Testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fabytku hmotnosti l\u00e1tky nav\u00edc uk\u00e1zalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o polovinu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu materi\u00e1lu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledek popisuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed vzorek komer\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u00fdch od\u011bv\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mno\u017estv\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje zp\u016fsob v\u00fdroby l\u00e1tky. Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ak zapad\u00e1 i do star\u0161\u00edch odborn\u00fdch prac\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch materi\u00e1l ze zpracovan\u00e9ho PET za srovnateln\u00fdch podm\u00ednek uvol\u0148oval v\u00edce mikrovl\u00e1ken ne\u017e jeho nov\u00fd prot\u011bj\u0161ek.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159i ka\u017ed\u00e9m pran\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u011bchto \u010d\u00e1stic odte\u010de do kanalizace. \u010cist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod je velk\u00fd pod\u00edl zachyt\u00ed, ale nejmen\u0161\u00ed pronikaj\u00ed do \u0159ek a mo\u0159\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v \u010dist\u00edrensk\u00e9m kalu, kter\u00fd se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 na zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b. Odtud se mikroplasty \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed d\u00e1le do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Oble\u010den\u00ed propagovan\u00e9 jako zp\u016fsob k udr\u017een\u00ed plastu mimo oce\u00e1ny, jej tak b\u011bhem pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed samo uvol\u0148uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 pod \u201ezelenou\u201c n\u00e1lepkou<\/span><\/h2>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00fd PET se zpracov\u00e1n\u00edm nep\u0159em\u011bn\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed vl\u00e1kno. K v\u00fdrob\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edho oble\u010den\u00ed nav\u00edc nesta\u010d\u00ed samotn\u00fd polymer. Textilie proch\u00e1z\u00ed barven\u00edm a r\u016fzn\u00fdmi chemick\u00fdmi \u00fapravami.<\/span><\/p>\n

V z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdrobci a po\u017eadovan\u00fdch vlastnostech se v od\u011bvech nebo p\u0159i jejich v\u00fdrob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n